PRODUCTS

TRIMETHYLAMMONIUM ETHANOL CHLORIDE

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is widely recognized for its role as a source of choline, an essential nutrient that plays a key role in various biological processes, including cell membrane synthesis, neurotransmitter production (such as acetylcholine), and lipid metabolism.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is an essential dietary supplement in animal feed, promoting healthy growth and development, particularly in poultry and swine, while also being used in the chemical industry as a phase transfer catalyst and clay stabilizer in oil and gas operations.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is a bifunctional compound containing both a quaternary ammonium functional group and a hydroxyl functional group, playing a vital role in methyl group metabolism, carcinogenesis, and lipid transport, with its deficiency linked to fatty liver.

CAS Number: 67-48-1
EC number: 200-655-4
Chemical formula: [(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]+Cl−
Molar mass: 139.62 g·mol−1

Synonyms: CHOLINE CHLORIDE, 67-48-1, Hepacholine, Lipotril, Paresan, 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride, Biocolina, Biocoline, Hormocline, (2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride, Luridin chloride, Choline hydrochloride, Neocolina, Bilineurin chloride, Cholinium chloride, Choline, chloride, Chloride de choline, Choline chlorhydrate, Cholini chloridum, Cholinechloride, CHOLINE (CL), Colina cloruro, 2-Hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride, Choline chloride [INN], Cloruro de colina, Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride, Chlorure de choline, Choline (chloride), Trimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium chloride, CCRIS 3716, HSDB 984, Colina cloruro [DCIT], (beta-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride, EINECS 200-655-4, Chloride de choline [French], NSC 402838, NSC-402838, 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N,-trimethylethanaminium chloride, Cholini chloridum [INN-Latin], (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylazanium chloride, DTXSID4020325, FEMA NO. 4500, UNII-45I14D8O27, AI3-18302, Cloruro de colina [INN-Spanish], CHEBI:133341, Chlorure de choline [INN-French], Ammonium, (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethyl-, chloride, C5H14NO.Cl, 45I14D8O27, 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium chloride, DTXCID20325, CHEMBL282468, CHOLINE-D13 CHLORIDE, EC 200-655-4, 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride (1:1), CHOLINE CHLORIDE (MART.), CHOLINE CHLORIDE [MART.], Cloruro de colina (INN-Spanish), CHOLINE CHLORIDE (USP-RS), CHOLINE CHLORIDE [USP-RS], Chlorure de choline (INN-French), 352438-97-2, NSC402838, SR-01000075745, MFCD00011721, cholinii chloridum, Chloride, Choline, cholinium chloratum, Choline Chloride,(S), 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)ammonium chloride, SCHEMBL14957, C(CO)N(C)(C)C, CHOLINE CHLORIDE [MI], SPECTRUM1503428, CHOLINE CHLORIDE [FCC], CHOLINE CHLORIDE [HSDB], CHOLINE CHLORIDE [INCI], CHOLINE CHLORIDE [VANDF], HMS500F09, CHOLINE CHLORIDE [WHO-DD], HMS1922E20, HMS2093G05, HMS3652D05, HMS3885F09, Pharmakon1600-01503428, AMY13898, Choline chloride [HOEtN1,1,1]Cl, HY-B1337, hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, Tox21_200492, CCG-39465, NSC758473, s4171, AKOS015903458, CS-4855, FS-3795, LS-1563, NSC-758473, CAS-67-48-1, WLN: Q2K1&1&1 &Q &G, NCGC00095059-01, NCGC00095059-02, NCGC00258046-01, (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride, FT-0612603, FT-0665025, SW219165-1, (.beta.-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride, A16451, D70213, EN300-102823, AB01568267_01, 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethan-1-aminium chloride, A835769, Q2964153, SR-01000075745-3, SR-01000075745-5, 1CDEFBD7-7905-4D2C-BEA8-44A54D9787D3, F8889-3032, Etanamino, 2-hidroxi-n, n, n-trimetil-, cloruro (1:1), Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride (1:1), (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethyl-Ammonium chloride, (2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride, (β-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride, 200-655-4 [EINECS], 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride [ACD/IUPAC Name], 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminiumchlorid [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name], 67-48-1 [RN], Chlorure de 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-triméthyléthanaminium [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], chlorure de choline [French] [INN], Choline (chloride), choline chloride [INN], CHOLINE, CHLORIDE, Cholini chloridum [Latin] [INN], cholinium chloride, cloruro de colina [Spanish] [INN], Colina cloruro [DCIT], Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride (1:1) [ACD/Index Name], KH2975000, холина хлорид [Russian] [INN], كلوريد كولين [Arabic] [INN], 氯化胆碱 [Chinese] [INN], (2-H2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride, (2-Hydroxy-ethyl)-trimethyl-ammonium, (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylazanium chloride, (β-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride, [67-48-1] [RN], 2-(trimethylamino)ethan-1-ol, chloride, 285979-70-6 [RN], 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)ammonium chloride, 2-hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, 2-hydroxyethyl-trimethylammonium chloride, 2-hydroxyethyl-trimethyl-ammonium chloride, 2-hydroxyethyl-trimethylazanium chloride, 2-hydroxyethyl-trimethyl-azanium chloride, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-ethanaminium, monochloride, 352438-97-2 [RN], 61037-86-3 [RN], Ammonium, (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethyl-, chloride, Bilineurin chloride, Biocolina, Biocoline, Cholinchloride, choline-chloride, Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride, FS-3795, Hepacholine, Hormocline, hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride, Lipotril, Luridin chloride, NCGC00095059-01, NCGC00095059-02, Neocolina, Paresan, Pharmakon1600-01503428, SPECTRUM1503428, trimethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium chloride, Trimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium chloride, WLN: Q2K1&1&1 &Q &G, холина хлорид

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is an essential water-soluble nutrient and an important chemical compound that is classified as a quaternary ammonium salt.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is commonly used as a source of choline, an essential nutrient that plays a vital role in various physiological processes, including neurotransmission, lipid metabolism, and liver function.

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is crucial for the synthesis of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in muscle control, memory, and various other cognitive functions.
In addition to its biological significance, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride has several industrial applications.

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is most widely recognized for its use in animal feed, where it is added to provide a supplemental source of choline to livestock, poultry, and fish.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is an essential dietary nutrient for these animals, as they may not obtain sufficient choline from their diet, especially in intensive farming systems.

Inadequate choline levels can lead to poor growth, liver damage, and reproductive issues in livestock.
Therefore, adding Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride to animal feed helps prevent deficiencies and supports optimal growth, health, and productivity.

Another important use of Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is in the production of various chemicals.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride serves as a precursor for the synthesis of other choline derivatives, such as phosphatidylcholine, a major component of cell membranes.

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is also used in the manufacturing of surfactants, emulsifiers, and in chemical formulations, particularly in the preparation of detergents and pesticides.
In the food industry, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is used as a food additive (E1001) to prevent fat oxidation, improve the nutritional value of processed foods, and serve as a source of choline for human consumption.

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is commonly found in its anhydrous form or as a hydrated crystalline solid, and it is typically produced through the reaction of trimethylamine with ethylene oxide in the presence of hydrochloric acid.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride can be used in a variety of formulations, including liquids, powders, and granules, depending on its intended application.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is generally considered safe for use in both animal and human nutrition, although excessive consumption may lead to side effects such as body odor, sweating, and digestive discomfort.

In addition to its use in animal nutrition and food processing, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride plays a role in agriculture, where it is used in fertilizers to enhance plant growth.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is also utilized in certain biotechnological processes, particularly in the growth of microorganisms, as choline is required for cellular membrane synthesis and other metabolic functions.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride has also been investigated for its potential health benefits in humans, with research suggesting that it may help in liver health, brain development, and the prevention of certain chronic diseases.

Overall, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is a versatile compound with diverse applications across several industries, including animal nutrition, food production, agriculture, and biotechnology.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride's importance as an essential nutrient and its wide range of uses highlight its significant role in both biological and industrial processes.

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride, commonly referred to as Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride, is a quaternary ammonium salt with the molecular formula C5H14ClNO.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride appears as a white crystalline powder or granules that are highly soluble in water, ethanol, and methanol.

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is often used in animal feed formulations as a dietary supplement to promote healthy growth and development, particularly in poultry and swine.
Additionally, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is employed in the chemical industry as a phase transfer catalyst and in oil and gas operations as a clay stabilizer to prevent swelling in drilling processes.

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride’s biocompatibility and versatility have also led to its use in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and as a component in certain resins and coatings.
Despite Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride's wide-ranging applications, it must be handled with care, as exposure can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract.
Proper storage and usage guidelines ensure Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride's effective and safe utilization across industries.

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is an organic compound with the formula [(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]+Cl−.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is a quaternary ammonium salt, consisting of choline cations ([(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]+) and chloride anions (Cl−).

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is bifunctional compound, meaning, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride contains both quaternary ammonium functional group and a hydroxyl functional group.
The cation of this salt, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride, occurs in nature in living beings.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is a white, water-soluble salt used mainly in animal feed.

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is a constituent of sphingomyelin and lecithin.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is a precursor of acetylcholine.

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride plays a vital role in methyl group metabolism, carcinogenesis and lipid transport.
Choline deficiency is associated with fatty liver.

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride maintains cell structural integrity and cell signalling.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is implicated in the synthesis of phospholipids.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride acts as a potent biomarker for ischemic heart disease.

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is an organic compound and a quaternary ammonium salt.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is a weak acid.

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is the salt of the naturally occurring choline, the pre-stage of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is important for mnemonic and thought-processes.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride occurs naturally in fungi, hop and kingcups and as integral part of lecithin.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is a common food additive in animal husbandry

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 tonnes per annum.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is a water solution of Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride that is 75% by weight.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride has been shown to be effective in preventing atherosclerotic lesions and metabolic disorders.

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride also has thermal expansion properties, which can be used for the manufacture of plastic containers.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride can inhibit complex enzyme activity by forming complexes with the enzyme, thus inhibiting Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride activity.

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride may also be used as a model system for studying reaction mechanisms, structural analysis, and calcium pantothenate metabolism.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is an essential nutrient that plays a role in energy metabolism and polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is also important for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) because Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride enhances electrical conductivity across cell membranes.

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride appears as white crystals.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is practically neutral aqueous solution.

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is a quaternary ammonium salt with choline cation and chloride anion.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride has a role as an animal growth promotant.

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is a chloride salt and a quaternary ammonium salt.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride contains a choline.

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is a basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism.

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is an essential, water-soluble compound that serves as a vital source of choline, an essential nutrient for both humans and animals.
As a quaternary ammonium salt, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is known for its role in numerous physiological processes, including the synthesis of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter crucial for nerve function, memory, and muscle control.

Choline is also a precursor to phosphatidylcholine, a major component of cell membranes, and it plays a significant role in lipid metabolism, cellular signaling, and the structural integrity of cells.
While choline can be synthesized by the body in small amounts, it is not produced in sufficient quantities for optimal health, making it necessary to obtain from dietary sources or supplementation.

In animals, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is widely used as a supplement in animal feed.
Livestock, poultry, and fish require adequate amounts of choline for proper growth, reproduction, and liver health, as they often do not produce enough choline from their natural diet.

In commercial farming, where animals are typically fed a more restricted diet, supplementation with Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride helps prevent deficiencies that can lead to liver disease, poor growth, reduced fertility, and developmental problems.
As a result, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is crucial in supporting the agricultural industry by enhancing the health, performance, and productivity of farmed animals.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is a key ingredient in animal feed formulations, especially in high-density farming operations such as poultry and aquaculture.

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is also an essential component in various industrial applications.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is used in the production of phosphatidylcholine, a substance found in the cell membranes of all living organisms.

Phosphatidylcholine is valuable for the manufacture of liposomal formulations used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and nutraceuticals.
Additionally, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is utilized in the production of surfactants and emulsifiers, which are key ingredients in the formulation of cleaning products, detergents, and personal care products.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride can also be found in some pesticides and fungicides, where its surfactant properties help improve the effectiveness of the active ingredients.

In the food industry, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is used as a food additive (E1001) to fortify processed foods and help maintain their nutritional value.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride acts as an antioxidant, preventing the oxidation of fats and improving the shelf life of products such as oils, dairy, and meats.
In certain cases, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride may also be added to human nutrition supplements to ensure adequate intake, especially in cases where a person is at risk for choline deficiency, such as during pregnancy, liver disorders, or in individuals with limited dietary sources of choline.

Beyond its role in animal feed and food processing, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride has potential benefits in human health.
Research has indicated that sufficient choline intake is important for proper liver function, and a deficiency can lead to fatty liver disease and other metabolic disorders.

Choline also plays a critical role in brain development and function, with some studies suggesting that choline supplementation may improve cognitive function and help in the prevention of age-related neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease.
Pregnant women are often advised to increase their intake of choline to support fetal brain development, and studies have shown that choline supplementation during pregnancy may improve cognitive function in children later in life.

Furthermore, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride has potential applications in the field of biotechnology and microbial cultivation.
Choline is required by many microorganisms for optimal growth, as it is involved in the synthesis of cell membranes and plays a role in various metabolic pathways.
In biotechnological processes, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is sometimes added to growth media for microbial cultures to support the production of bio-based chemicals, biofuels, and other biotechnological products.

Despite its numerous benefits and widespread use, handling Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride requires care, particularly in large-scale production or industrial settings.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride should be stored in a dry, cool area and kept away from moisture to prevent degradation.

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is typically produced through the reaction of trimethylamine with ethylene oxide, followed by neutralization with hydrochloric acid to produce the chloride salt.
The purity of Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride can vary depending on the manufacturing process, with some commercial products containing additional stabilizers or salts to improve solubility and handling characteristics.

In summary, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is an indispensable compound with far-reaching applications in animal nutrition, food processing, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology.
As an essential nutrient, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride supports liver health, cognitive function, and cellular integrity, making it a vital part of human and animal diets.

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride's industrial applications, particularly in feed supplements, emulsifiers, and the production of phospholipids, further underscore its importance in various sectors.
As research continues to explore its potential health benefits, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride remains a critical component in the pursuit of both human and environmental well-being.

Applications of Trimethylammonium Ethanol Chloride:
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is a versatile compound with numerous applications across various industries, primarily due to its essential role as a source of choline, an important nutrient for both humans and animals.
In animal feed, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is widely used to supplement livestock, poultry, and fish diets, preventing choline deficiencies that can lead to poor growth, liver damage, and reproductive issues.

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is also crucial in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries, where it is used in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a key component of cell membranes, and is incorporated into dietary supplements aimed at promoting brain health and liver function.
Additionally, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride serves as an emulsifier and surfactant in the production of detergents, personal care products, and cleaning agents.

In the food industry, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride acts as a food additive to fortify processed foods and prevent fat oxidation, enhancing their shelf life.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride's applications also extend to agriculture, where it is used in fertilizers and soil additives to support plant growth.

Furthermore, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride plays a role in biotechnology by supporting the growth of microorganisms used in biofuel production and other biotechnological processes.
As a renewable, bio-based chemical, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride holds significant promise in sustainability efforts, replacing fossil-derived chemicals in various industrial applications.
With such diverse and important uses, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride continues to be a vital compound in both biological and industrial fields.

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is an important additive in feed especially for chickens where Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride accelerates growth.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride forms a deep eutectic solvent with urea, ethylene glycol, glycerol, and many other compounds.

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is also used as a clay control additive in fluids used for hydraulic fracturing.

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride has been used:
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is used in choline release assay
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is used as an endogenous agonist of sigma-1 receptors (Sig-1Rs)

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is used as a standard to analyse interrelationships between methionine and choline metabolism
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is a versatile compound with a wide range of applications across various industries.

Below are some of the key applications:

Animal Feed Supplement:

Livestock Nutrition:
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is commonly added to animal feed to supplement choline intake.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is essential for the growth, reproduction, and liver function of poultry, livestock, and fish.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride helps prevent liver diseases, fatty liver, poor growth, and reproductive issues in farm animals.

Poultry and Aquaculture:
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is particularly vital in poultry farming and aquaculture, where animals are often fed concentrated diets that may not provide sufficient choline.

Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals:

Phosphatidylcholine Production:
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is used in the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, an important component of cell membranes and a precursor to lecithin, used in various pharmaceutical formulations.
Phosphatidylcholine has applications in the delivery of liposomal drugs and in the production of bio-based compounds.

Cognitive and Liver Health:
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is also used in supplements aimed at improving cognitive function and liver health.
Choline is crucial for brain development, and supplementation may support cognitive function, especially in pregnant women or individuals at risk for neurological disorders.

Dietary Supplements:
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is often included in multivitamins and dietary supplements to ensure adequate choline intake, which can help prevent liver damage, promote healthy brain development, and support fat metabolism.

Food Industry:

Food Additive (E1001):
In the food industry, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is used as a food additive to fortify foods with additional choline.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride helps to preserve the nutritional content of processed foods, especially in oils, dairy, and meats.

Antioxidant Properties:
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is used as an antioxidant, preventing the oxidation of fats and oils, thereby extending the shelf life of processed products.

Industrial Applications:

Surfactant and Emulsifier:
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is used in the production of surfactants and emulsifiers for various industrial products, including detergents, paints, and cosmetics.
These products help in stabilizing emulsions and improving the spreadability of oils and other liquids.

Pesticides and Fungicides:
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is also utilized in the formulation of pesticides and fungicides, where it enhances the solubility and efficacy of active ingredients.

Lubricants and Cleaners:
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is sometimes included in industrial lubricants and cleaning agents due to its role as a stabilizer and emulsifier.

Agriculture:

Fertilizers:
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is used in certain fertilizers to promote plant growth.
Choline helps in the development of plant cell membranes, and its application can enhance the absorption of essential nutrients.

Soil Additives:
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is used as a component in some soil conditioners to improve soil structure and encourage plant root development.

Biotechnology and Microbial Cultivation:

Microbial Growth:
In biotechnological processes, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is added to growth media to support the growth of microorganisms.
Many microbes require choline for optimal cell membrane synthesis and other metabolic functions.

Biofuel Production:
Choline is used in the cultivation of microbes that are involved in the production of biofuels, as it supports healthy cell growth and metabolism during fermentation.

Cosmetics and Personal Care:

Skin Care Products:
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is sometimes included in skincare formulations due to its moisturizing and stabilizing properties.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride helps enhance the texture and stability of creams, lotions, and other personal care products.

Hair Care:
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is used in some hair care products to improve hair strength and prevent damage.

Environmental and Sustainable Uses:

Biodegradable Surfactants:
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride has been explored as part of the development of biodegradable surfactants, which are more environmentally friendly compared to traditional petrochemical-based surfactants.

Renewable Chemical Feedstock:
As a bio-based compound, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride has gained attention for its role as a renewable chemical feedstock.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is part of the ongoing effort to replace fossil-based chemicals with sustainable alternatives in various industrial processes.

Electroplating and Metal Treatment:

Electroplating Baths:
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is sometimes used in the preparation of electrolyte solutions for electroplating processes.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride helps stabilize the solutions and improve the quality of the metal coatings.

Textile Industry:

Dyeing and Finishing:
In the textile industry, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is occasionally used in dyeing and finishing processes to improve the binding of dyes to fibers and to enhance the texture of fabrics.
Overall, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is a crucial compound with diverse applications in various sectors, from animal nutrition to pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and industrial processes.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride's role in supporting health, improving industrial formulations, and serving as a sustainable chemical makes it an essential compound in both biological and industrial contexts.

Uses of Trimethylammonium Ethanol Chloride:
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is an animal feed additive, classified as a water-soluble B-vitamin that increases animal growth.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is added exogenously to feed stocks because Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride plays an essential role in fat transport, metabolism, and protects cell membrane structure.

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride can be supplied to tissue culture media, animal feed additive and used in clinical anti-fatty liver agent.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride can be used for treating fatty liver and cirrhosis.

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride can also be used as the feed additive which is capable of stimulating ovaries for giving birth to more eggs and farrowing.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride can also facilitate the weight gaining process of livestock, fish, etc.

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is effective in the prevention and treatment of the fat deposition and tissue degeneration in the organs of livestock and poultry.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride can also promote the absorption and synthesis of amino acids.

Moreover, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride can enhance physical fitness and disease resistance of livestock, promote their growth and development, and improve poultry laying rate.
The usage amount is 1-2 g/kg.

As a kind of feed additive, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride has the following physiological effects: Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride can prevent the accumulation of the fat in liver and the kidney and tissue degeneration; Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride can promote recombination of amino acids; Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride can improve the utilization efficiency of amino acids, especially the essential amino acid methionine in vivo.
In Japan, 98% of the applied Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is used as the feed additives of chickens, pigs, cattle and fish and other animal.

Most of them have been processed into powder; the preparation process of 50% powder is that: first add an appropriate excipient of certain particle size into the mixer is prepared by previously adding an appropriate particle size of the excipient, and then add drop wise of aqueous solution of Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride, after mixing, drying to derive it.
Some powder products are also blended with vitamins, minerals, and drugs.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is the vitamin B-class drug which can be used for the treatment of hepatitis, liver function degradation, early cirrhosis, and pernicious anemia.

B vitamins:
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is an indispensible fundamental component in humans and animal body, often referred to as B vitamins or vitamin B4, and is a necessary low-molecule organic compound for maintaining physiological function off animal body.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride can be synthesized inside animal body but still often need to be supplied to dietary and is a kind of vitamin in maximal usage amount.
Inside animal cells, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride can be used to adjust the in vivo metabolism and conversion of fats, preventing the fat deposition and tissue degeneration of liver and kidney, and then promote the regeneration of amino acids, enhance utilization of amino acids as well as save some part of methionine.

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is the most commonly used as well as most economical form of synthetic choline and is a water soluble vitamin, and is the component for constituting of acetylcholine, lecithin, and nerve phospholipids of biological tissue.
Moreover, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride can save methionine and is an important material required for livestock, poultry, and fish.

Inside animal body, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride can be used for adjusting in vivo metabolism and conversion of fats and can prevent the deposition in liver and related tissue degeneration.
As a methyl donor, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride can promote the re-formation of amino acids and improve the utilization of amino acids.

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is mainly used as an additive for being mixing into the animal feed.
During the exact usage process, in addition to prevent moisture deliquescence, you should also note that all kind of feeds usually take the addition of Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride as the last step.

Because of Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride destruction effects on other vitamins, especially Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride rapid destruction on vitamin A, D, K in the presence of metal elements, multi-dimensional formulation should not include choline.
Daily feed supplied with Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride should be used as soon as possible after the addition.

Tests have showed that Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is especially important for chicken poultry.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride synthetic amino acids and lecithin can be delivered to various locations inside chicken bodies, being able to prevent the fat deposition in the liver and kidney and accelerate the growth of chickens and increase egg production and hatchability.

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is used in the following products: plant protection products, laboratory chemicals, washing & cleaning products, pH regulators and water treatment products and fertilisers.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing, health services, scientific research and development and mining.
Other release to the environment of Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use as processing aid.

Uses at industrial sites:
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals, fertilisers, washing & cleaning products and plant protection products.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is used in the following areas: mining, scientific research and development, health services and agriculture, forestry and fishing.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.

Industry Uses:
Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Other
Processing aids, specific to petroleum production
Soil amendments (fertilizers)
Stabilizing agent

Consumer Uses:
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals and washing & cleaning products.
Other release to the environment of Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is likely to occur from: indoor use as reactive substance and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).

Other Consumer Uses:
Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Processing aids, specific to petroleum production
Soil amendments (fertilizers)

Chemical Properties of Trimethylammonium Ethanol Chloride:
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is white hygroscopic crystal and is odorless with fish stench.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride melting point of 240 ℃.

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride 10% aqueous solution has a pH 5-6.
However, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is unstable in alkaline solution.

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is easily soluble in water and ethanol but insoluble in ether, petroleum ether, benzene and carbon disulfide.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride has a low toxicity with LD50 (rat, oral) being 3400 mg/kg.

General Manufacturing Information of Trimethylammonium Ethanol Chloride:

Industry Processing Sectors:
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting
All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Oil and Gas Drilling, Extraction, and Support activities

Synthesis of Trimethylammonium Ethanol Chloride:
In the laboratory, choline can be prepared by methylation of dimethylethanolamine with methyl chloride.

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is mass-produced with world production estimated at 160 000 tons in 1999.
Industrially, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is produced by the reaction of ethylene oxide, hydrogen chloride, and trimethylamine, or from the pre-formed salt.

Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride can also be made by treating trimethylamine with 2-chloroethanol.
(CH3)3N + ClCH2CH2OH → [(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]+Cl−

Production method of Trimethylammonium Ethanol Chloride:
(1) Continuous method for preparation of Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride solution:
Continuously send the trimethylamine hydrochloride and a certain amount of ethylene oxide separately through pump into the reactor; the reactants had a residence time at the reactor of 1-1.5h; the reaction was carried out under stirring and has Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride resulting product being continuously withdrawn so that the liquid level within the reactor remained stable.
The withdrawn Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride extraction crude product entered into the stripper to obtain 60-80% Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride liquid product from the bottom.

(2) Trimethylamine hydrochloride was reacted with ethylene oxide, and then added with an organic acid for neutralization and further concentration to obtain the Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride (3) Chloro-ethanol was reacted with trimethylamine to generate Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride.

(3)Ethylene oxide method:
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride can be made from the reaction between ethylene oxide and trimethylamine.
Add the trimethylamine ethanol solution into the reactor, send through ethylene oxide at about 30 ℃ and stirring reaction of 4 hour and further obtain Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride through neutralization with hydrochloric acid (control PH at 6.5-7.0).

The yield of the crude product can be as high as 98%. The crude product can further be subject to activated carbon decolorizing and vacuum concentration to obtain 70% aqueous solution.
The aqueous solution was added with ground corn cobs, rice hull flour, wheat bran or diatomaceous earth and some other kinds of excipients and can give 50% of the powder.

(4) Chlorohydrin method:
Use chlorohydrin to substitute ethylene oxide and hydrochloric acid; have Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride reacted with trimethylamine in the presence of a small amount of ethylene oxide or alkaline substance;
First add 100 parts of chlorohydrin into the reaction vessel, further add 130 parts of trimethylamine from the liquid surface, while supplying of ethylene oxide to trigger the reaction.

After the addition, stir at 32-38 ℃ for 4h with the yield being 84% (calculated from chlorohydrin).
For example, if catalyzed with an alkaline substance (such as quaternary ammonium salts), the one-way conversion rate can reach over 97%.
Trimethylamine methanol solution and chlorohydrin is subject to heating reaction, concentration under reduced pressure, and re-crystallization to generate it.

Biochem/physiol Actions of Trimethylammonium Ethanol Chloride:
Choline is an essential nutrient, commonly grouped with the B complex vitamins, that plays key roles in many biological processes.
The enzymatic activities of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1), two serum enzymes synthesized by the liver and related with inflammation, were decreased in a sepsis animal model injected with LPS.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride administered intravenously at 20 mg/kg body weight prevents the LPS-mediated decreases in the activities of these two enzymes.

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Trimethylammonium Ethanol Chloride:

MeSH Pharmacological Classification:

Lipotropic Agents:
Endogenous factors or drugs that increase the transport and metabolism of LIPIDS including the synthesis of LIPOPROTEINS by the LIVER and their uptake by extrahepatic tissues.

Nootropic Agents:
Drugs used to specifically facilitate learning or memory, particularly to prevent the cognitive deficits associated with dementias.
These drugs act by a variety of mechanisms.

History of Trimethylammonium Ethanol Chloride:
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride has a significant history, particularly in the fields of nutrition, biochemistry, and industry.
The discovery of choline itself dates back to the early 19th century, with its identification as a nutrient occurring in the 1930s.

Initially, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride was isolated from lecithin, a substance found in egg yolk and liver.
Researchers later realized that choline is an essential nutrient for both humans and animals due to its critical role in brain function, liver health, and fat metabolism.

The development of Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride as a compound for supplementation and industrial use began in the mid-20th century.
As the importance of choline in animal nutrition became clear, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride began to be incorporated into animal feed formulations to prevent deficiencies that could lead to poor growth and reproductive issues.

The commercial production of Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride was significantly boosted by the rise of industrial-scale farming and the need for efficient livestock management.
Over time, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride found broader applications in the food industry as a fortifying agent, in pharmaceuticals for cognitive health, and in various industrial processes, including the manufacture of emulsifiers and surfactants.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride's increasing recognition as a renewable chemical source has also contributed to its importance in sustainability initiatives.
Today, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is an integral part of several industries, continuing to evolve in both its uses and production methods.

Handling and Storage of Trimethylammonium Ethanol Chloride:

Handling:
Handle Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride with care to avoid inhalation, skin contact, or ingestion.
Use in well-ventilated areas, and avoid prolonged exposure.

Ensure proper personal protective equipment (PPE) is worn during handling.
When handling the material in bulk, ensure that equipment used is free of contamination, and clean up spills immediately.

Storage:
Store Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and incompatible substances.
Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption and degradation.
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride should be stored in non-reactive, corrosion-resistant containers to avoid contamination and degradation.

Reactivity and Stability of Trimethylammonium Ethanol Chloride:

Stability:
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is generally stable under normal storage conditions.
However, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride can degrade in the presence of moisture or extreme heat, which may lead to the release of harmful gases.
Ensure proper storage conditions to maintain Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride's stability and prevent contamination.

Reactivity:
Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is not highly reactive but may react with strong oxidizing agents, acids, or bases.
Avoid mixing Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride with incompatible chemicals to prevent hazardous reactions.
Ensure that any waste containing Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is disposed of according to local regulations to avoid potential reactions.

First Aid Measures of Trimethylammonium Ethanol Chloride:

Inhalation:
If inhaled, move the person to fresh air immediately.
If symptoms persist, seek medical attention.
Provide artificial respiration if the person is not breathing.

Skin Contact:
In case of skin contact, wash the affected area with soap and plenty of water.
Remove contaminated clothing.
If irritation persists, seek medical attention.

Eye Contact:
In case of eye contact, rinse immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do.
Seek medical attention if irritation persists.

Ingestion:
If swallowed, rinse the mouth with water and do not induce vomiting unless advised by a medical professional.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center for guidance.

Firefighting Measures of Trimethylammonium Ethanol Chloride:

Fire Extinguishing Media:
In case of fire, use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical powder, or carbon dioxide (CO2) to extinguish the flames.
Select the extinguishing media based on the nature and extent of the fire.

Firefighting Procedures:
Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and full protective gear when fighting fires involving Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride.
Cool containers with water spray to prevent them from rupturing or catching fire.

Hazardous Combustion Products:
Combustion of Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride may release toxic fumes, including hydrochloric acid, which is harmful to health.
Avoid inhalation of smoke or fumes from burning Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride.

Accidental Release Measures of Trimethylammonium Ethanol Chloride:

Personal Precautions:
In case of accidental release, evacuate the area and ensure proper ventilation.
Wear appropriate protective equipment, including gloves, safety goggles, and respiratory protection if necessary.
Avoid direct contact with the spilled substance.

Containment and Cleanup:
Contain the spill to prevent further contamination.
Use absorbent materials such as sand, earth, or vermiculite to soak up the spill.
Collect the material and place it in appropriate waste disposal containers.

Dispose of waste according to local regulations.
Clean the area with water and ensure Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is dry before allowing normal operations to resume.

Exposure Controls/Personal Protective Equipment of Trimethylammonium Ethanol Chloride:

Exposure Limits:
There is no established occupational exposure limit for Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride, but as with all chemicals, it is advisable to minimize exposure to Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride.

Engineering Controls:
Ensure adequate ventilation in work areas to prevent the accumulation of airborne dust or fumes.
Use local exhaust ventilation or dust collection systems to maintain air quality.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

Eye Protection:
Wear safety goggles or face shields to prevent eye contact.

Skin Protection:
Wear gloves and appropriate protective clothing to minimize skin exposure.
Ensure that clothing is non-porous and resistant to chemicals.

Respiratory Protection:
Use an appropriate NIOSH-approved respirator if airborne concentrations exceed safe levels or if there is a risk of inhalation.

Workplace Hygiene:
Avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in areas where Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is handled.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling and before eating or drinking.

Identifiers of Trimethylammonium Ethanol Chloride:
CAS Number: 67-48-1
ChEBI: CHEBI:133341
ChEMBL: ChEMBL282468
ChemSpider: 5974
ECHA InfoCard: 100.000.596
E number: E1001(iii) (additional chemicals)
PubChem CID: 522265
UNII: 45I14D8O27
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID4020325
InChI: InChI=1S/C5H14NO.ClH/c1-6(2,3)4-5-7;/h7H,4-5H2,1-3H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
Key: SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChI=1/C5H14NO.ClH/c1-6(2,3)4-5-7;/h7H,4-5H2,1-3H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
Key: SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-REWHXWOFAH
SMILES: [Cl-].OCC[N+](C)(C)C

CAS number: 67-48-1
EC number: 200-655-4
Grade: DAB 10
Hill Formula: C₅H₁₄ClNO
Molar Mass: 139.63 g/mol
HS Code: 2923 10 00

Synonym(s): (2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride
Linear Formula: (CH3)3N(Cl)CH2CH2OH
CAS Number: 67-48-1
Molecular Weight: 139.62
Beilstein: 3563126
EC Number: 200-655-4
MDL number: MFCD00011721
PubChem Substance ID: 57654039
NACRES: NA.25

Properties of Trimethylammonium Ethanol Chloride:
Chemical formula: [(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]+Cl−
Molar mass: 139.62 g·mol−1
Appearance: White hygroscopic crystals
Melting point: 302 °C (576 °F; 575 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water: very soluble (>650 g/L)

Ignition temperature: 355 °C
Melting Point: 200 °C
pH value: 5.0 - 6.5 (140 g/l, H₂O, 25 °C)
Bulk density: 430 kg/m3

biological source: synthetic
Quality Level: 200
Assay: ≥99%
form: powder
color: white
mp: 302-305 °C (dec.) (lit.)
SMILES string: [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCO
InChI: 1S/C5H14NO.ClH/c1-6(2,3)4-5-7;/h7H,4-5H2,1-3H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
InChI key: SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M

Molecular Weight: 139.62 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 139.0763918 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 139.0763918 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 20.2Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Complexity: 46.5
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Trimethylammonium Ethanol Chloride:
Assay (argentometric; calculated on dried substance): 98.0 - 100.5 %
Identity (wet chemistry): passes test
Identity (IR): passes test
Appearance of solution (10 %; water): passes test
Acidity or alkalinity: passes test
Heavy metals (as Pb): ≤ 0.001 %
As (Arsenic): ≤ 0.0003 %
Pb (Lead): ≤ 0.5 ppm
Ammonium, volatile amines: passes test
Ammonium, primary amines: passes test
1,4 Dioxane: passes test
Residual solvents (ICH Q3C): excluded by the manufacturing process
Residue on ignition: ≤ 0.05 %
Loss on drying (120 °C): ≤ 1.5 %
Water: ≤ 0.5 %

Related salts of Trimethylammonium Ethanol Chloride:
Other commercial choline salts are choline hydroxide and choline bitartrate.
In foodstuffs, Trimethylammonium ethanol chloride is often present as phosphatidylcholine.

Names of Trimethylammonium Ethanol Chloride:

Regulatory process names:
(2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride
2-Hydroxyethyl-trimethylammoniumchlorid
Chlorure de choline
Cholinchlorid
cholinchlorid
Cholinchloride
Choline chloride
Choline Chloride
Choline chloride
choline chloride

IUPAC names:
(2 - Hydroxyethyl) trimethylammonium chloride
(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-trimethyl-ammonium chloride
(2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride
(2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylazanium chloride
2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium Chloride
2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride
2-Hydroxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride
2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium chloride
2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride
Cholin Chlorid
Choline Chloride
Choline chloride
choline chloride
Choline Chloride
Choline chloride
choline chloride
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride

Preferred IUPAC name:
2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethan-1-aminium chloride

Trade names:
CC 75 - Choline chloride, aqueous solution

Other names:
(2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride
Hepacholine
Biocolina
Lipotril

Other identifiers:
1643859-93-1
2028303-08-2
67-48-1