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VITAMIN B3 (NIACINAMIDE)

DESCRIPTION:

Vitamin B3 (Niacinamide) is offered in this product in the form of nicotinamide (niacinamide) and dosed at 54 mg per capsule, thus providing an intake corresponding to more than 300% of the Reference Intakes with a single capsule.

CAS No. : 59-67-6
EC: 200-441-0

SYNONYMS OF VITAMIN B3 (NIACINAMIDE):
Niacin, nicotinic acid


Niacinamide is a form of vitamin B3 that is essential to your metabolism, as it is needed to make the coenzymes NAD and NADP. 
A dietary deficiency of vitamin B3 causes a condition called photosensitive dermatitis. Also used in cosmetics, niacinamide provides several benefits for the skin, including combating skin aging, irritation, and inflammation.

Vitamin B3 is part of the vitamin B complex, which is a group of vitamins that play a major role in cellular metabolism. 
B vitamins are water-soluble, meaning they are not stored in the body, but are eliminated in the urine every day.

Niacinamide (also called nicotinamide) is one of three forms that vitamin B3 can take, the other two being niacin and nicotinamide riboside. 
These compounds share similar functions, but have slightly different chemical characteristics that influence their use in cosmetics and nutrition.


Chemically, niacinamide's structure gives it unique properties, allowing for high water solubility and stability in cosmetic formulations, making it a preferred choice in many skin care products 1 .

Vitamin B 3(C 6 H 5 NO 2) is a water-soluble vitamin that consists of two molecules: niacin (nicotinic acid) and its amide , nicotinamide , sometimes called niacinamide. 
Vitamin B3 (Niacinamide) is also called vitamin PP for preventive pellagra because a deficiency in this vitamin is responsible for pellagra .

Vitamin B 3, a precursor of NAD + ( nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ) and NADP + ( nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate ), is required as a redox cofactor for carbohydrate , lipid , and protein metabolism . 

Vitamin B3 (Niacinamide) is one of the B vitamins .
Vitamin B 3can be found in significant amounts in poultry, calf's liver, cereals, peanuts and other seeds.

Vitamin B3, commonly known as niacin, exists in several forms. 
The nicotinamide (or niacinamide) offered in this product has many advantages in supplementation compared to nicotinic acid, and in particular allows for better intestinal tolerance.

Vitamin B3 is involved in many metabolic pathways. 
Nicotinamide is notably the precursor of several essential coenzymes NAD+ and NADP+, playing a central role in the energy metabolism of cells.

Our body is capable of synthesizing vitamin B3 but this intake remains minor and very insufficient. 
Dietary intake is therefore essential.

Niacinamide is one form of vitamin B3 (niacin) that plays an important role in energy metabolism and cell health. 
It may offer benefits related to skin care and skin cancer, as well as chronic kidney disease and type 1 diabetes.

Niacinamide is one of the two forms of vitamin B3 — the other being nicotinic acid. Vitamin B3 is also known as niacin.
Niacinamide and nicotinic acid both provide vitamin B3 activity, but they differ in chemical structure and how they affect your health.


Niacinamide is a form of vitamin B3 (niacin) — one of the eight B vitamins your body needs for good health.
Vitamin B3 plays a vital role in converting the food you eat into usable energy and helps your body’s cells carry out important chemical reactions (1Trusted Source).

Since it’s water-soluble, your body doesn’t store this vitamin, which is why you need to eat nicotinic acid or niacinamide daily.
Vitamin B3 is generally found as niacinamide in animal-based products, such as meat and poultry, and as nicotinic acid in plant-based foods like nuts, seeds and green vegetables (2Trusted Source).

Many refined grain products, including cereals, are also fortified with niacinamide (2Trusted Source).
Your body can also make vitamin B3 from tryptophan, an amino acid present in most protein foods.

However, the conversion of tryptophan to vitamin B3 is inefficient, as it takes 60 mg of tryptophan to make just 1 mg of vitamin B3 (1Trusted Source).
Historically, vitamin B3 was called vitamin PP, an acronym for pellagra-preventive.

That’s because a deficiency of vitamin B3 or tryptophan leads to a disease called pellagra, which is characterized by the four D’s — diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia and, if left untreated, death (3Trusted Source).

Pellagra is rare in developed countries like North America and Europe, but the disease is still frequent in some developing countries (4Trusted Source).

Nicotinic acid and niacinamide can both treat pellagra, but niacinamide is preferred since it’s associated with fewer side effects, such as flushing of the skin.


Niacinamide is a form of vitamin B3, an essential nutrient that supports many cellular processes. 
Niacinamide is found primarily in animal-based products and is the preferred form of vitamin B3 for treating pellagra.

It’s hard to make sense of all these names! And yet, it’s very simple. 
Vitamin B3, the third B vitamin to be discovered, takes the form of two molecules: niacin (a portmanteau word derived from its full name nicotinic acid vitamin) and its amide, niacinamide. 

Finally, Vitamin B3 (Niacinamide) is also called vitamin PP (Pellagra Preventive), because it revealed preventive effects on pellagra (a disease caused by malnutrition) at the beginning of the 20th century.

Vitamin B3 (Niacinamide) acts, among other things, on the production of lipids, the transformation of carbohydrates into glucose (to provide energy to the body), the regulation of hormones linked to stress, the repair of damaged DNA and blood circulation.


DISCOVERY AND HISTORY 
The first description of the molecule was given by Hugo Weidel in 1873 during his studies on nicotine 4 . 
He obtained it by oxidizing nicotine with nitric acid 5 . 

It was subsequently extracted from the liver by the biochemist Conrad Elvehjem in 1937 , who identified the active ingredient and called it pellagra-preventing factor - hence its name vitamin PP - because it has a preventive effect on pellagra 6 . 
This first trial on dogs was followed shortly after by a clinical trial on humans conducted by Dr. Tom Douglas Spies , a successful trial 7 .
Nicotinic acid is called vitamin B3 because it is the third B vitamin to be discovered. 
To avoid suggesting that nicotine - or cigarettes - contains a vitamin, and to dissociate this vitamin and the food additives that contain it from nicotine, the more abstract name niacin was coined, a portmanteau of ni cotinic ac id vitam in .


In 1951 , Carpenter and Laguna 8 , noting that the poor in the southern United States were victims of pellagra but not the even poorer people in Mexico, highlighted the chemical process that made it possible to enrich corn , the staple food of both, by cooking it with lime water . 

This was the (scientifically established) rediscovery of nixtamalization , a process known to Mesoamerican populations since prehistoric times.
In 1955, Altschul and colleagues described the lipid-lowering effects of niacin 9 . 
It is the oldest known lipid-lowering agent .


METABOLISM AND DEFICIENCIES:
Nicotinic acid and its amide, nicotinamide
B vitamins facilitate the conversion of food ( carbohydrates ) into energy ( glucose ). 
Niacin is helpful in regulating stress-related hormones and improves blood circulation. 

These vitamins are water-soluble and the body does not store them .
Vitamin B3 (Niacinamide) is rare in developed countries to suffer from a severe vitamin B3 deficiency . 
Only alcoholism can still cause it 10 . It causes pellagra (skin disease, diarrhea, dementia). 

However, there may be genetic causes, such as Hartnup's disease 11 .
Symptoms of mild deficiency include indigestion , fatigue , vomiting , or depression . 
Vitamin B3 (Niacinamide) may be due to pregnancy 12 .

Anti-cholesterol:
Niacin – but not nicotinamide – lowers blood cholesterol levels , slightly reducing the risk of recurrence and mortality in patients who have already had a myocardial infarction 13 .

 However, these data predate the use of statins . 
However, the combination with statins shows no advantage (compared to treatment with statins alone) in terms of morbidity or mortality 14 , even if the level of HDL-cholesterol is improved.

Atherosclerosis:
Niacin prevents the progression of atherosclerosis and minimizes the risk of heart attack 10 .
However, one study suggests that excess niacin may be harmful in heart patients


FOOD SOURCES OF VITAMIN B3 (NIACINAMIDE):
Vitamin B 3is found in liver (veal, heifer, lamb) 18 with 12 to 17 mg per 100 grams, heart and kidneys (9 to 15 mg), chicken meat (6.5 mg), beef (5 to 6 mg) and fish ( tuna , salmon , etc. 2.5 to 13 mg).

Some seeds are rich in it, such as whole wheat (8.4 mg per 100 g) 19 and other cereals ( barley , buckwheat , rye ), peanuts (10.6 19 to 12.4 mg), chia seeds (8.8 mg) 19 , walnuts (2 mg). Mushrooms such as shiitake contain (3.5 to 4 mg).

Brewer's yeast is particularly rich in it, with 36 mg, again per 100 grams. 
Given the low cost of obtaining this latter product, compared to meat or fresh fruits and vegetables, it was the main nutritional contribution in the treatment of pellagra before the discovery of nixtamalization 7 . 

Let us also mention unfiltered beer (12 mg per liter) or Marmite (110 mg per 100 g), both of which contain or are derived from yeast.
Fruits and vegetables contain slightly less: avocado (1 mg), dates (2 mg), tomatoes (0.7 mg), broccoli (0.6 mg), carrots (0.3 – 0.6 mg), sweet potato (0.5 – 0.6 mg).


WHAT IS THE ROLE OF VITAMIN B3 IN THE BODY?
Vitamin B3 is needed to make essential coenzymes called NAD and NADP. 
These enzymes are essential because they act as energy transfer molecules in many metabolic reactions, including the breakdown of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and alcohol, as well as in the synthesis of, for example, certain hormones and important lipids. 
They also have the important responsibility of regenerating certain molecules involved in our body's natural detoxification process and in antioxidant mechanisms.

SOURCES OF VITAMIN B3:
The main source of vitamin B3 is food because the body only synthesizes vitamin B in very small quantities. 
Foods of animal origin such as white meat, oily fish, liver, rabbit or duck are rich in vitamin B3. 

This intake can also be achieved with certain cereals such as bran and peanuts. 
Finally, there are of course many food supplements containing niacin.

THE PROPERTIES OF VITAMIN B3 (NIACINAMIDE)

Vitamin B3 has a wide range of beneficial properties for the skin:
anti-inflammatory properties that help reduce redness, irritation and inflammation, especially for sensitive skin or skin prone to skin reactions;
sebum regulating properties for blemish-prone skin, minimizing the appearance of enlarged pores while preventing the appearance of pimples;

lightening properties with its ability to inhibit melanin production which fades pigment spots, including age spots, as well as pigmentation irregularities;
fortifying properties on the skin barrier, thus improving the skin's hydration and its ability to retain water.


BENEFITS OF VITAMIN B3
* Vitamin B3 contributes (health claims approved by EFSA ) :
•    to reduce fatigue,
•    to a normal energy metabolism,
•    to maintain normal skin,
•    to the maintenance of normal mucous membranes,
•    to normal psychological functions,
•    to the normal functioning of the nervous system.

WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF VITAMIN B3 (NIACINAMIDE) IN COSMETICS?
Niacinamide is often confused with niacin, which is inaccurate. 
While both niacinamide and niacin are forms of vitamin B3, they have slightly different chemical structures, and only niacin (not niacinamide!) appears to cause redness. 
As such, niacinamide is often the vitamin B3 of choice in skin care, and a number of its skin benefits have been identified over the course of research.


An improvement in the skin barrier:
One of the main benefits of niacinamide concerns its action on the skin barrier. 
In fact, it stimulates the production of ceramides, lipids that play a crucial role in maintaining skin hydration and protection against external aggressions 2 . 
Thus, it significantly improves the skin's barrier function, reducing transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and increasing epidermal hydration.


An anti-aging effect:
Niacinamide also helps reduce the visible signs of skin aging . 
By stimulating collagen production and neutralizing free radicals (thanks to its antioxidant properties), it helps reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. 
The result: it helps you regain visibly more supple and toned skin.


A reduction in pigmentation disorders:
If you have discoloration or spots on your skin , you should know that niacinamide is extremely well-known for its ability to fight age spots. 
It works by inhibiting the transfer of melanosomes from melanocytes to keratinocytes, thereby reducing the intensity of age spots, melasma, and other forms of hyperpigmentation 3 .


Anti-inflammatory properties:
Niacinamide is commonly used to soothe oily, acne-prone skin. 
In fact, its anti-inflammatory action rebalances sebum production to prevent new blemishes. 
Likewise, these properties make it very popular with skin prone to rosacea or eczema, reducing redness and irritation associated with these skin conditions.

THE BENEFITS OF NIACINAMIDE ON THE SKIN?
More confidential than other vitamins, niacinamide (or vitamin B3) nevertheless deserves to be known. 
A real asset for the beauty of the skin, this active ingredient is prized for its effect on radiance and hydration. An update on its anti-aging benefits.


Helpful for Certain Skin Conditions:
Niacinamide plays an important role in keeping your skin healthy.
For this reason, it’s a popular additive in the cosmetic and skincare industry.
When applied topically or taken orally as a supplement, niacinamide has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects on the skin (5Trusted Source).
Vitamin B3 (Niacinamide) has been used to treat skin conditions like acne and rosacea, a facial skin disorder characterized by redness (5Trusted Source, 6Trusted Source).

This makes niacinamide a popular alternative to oral or topical antibiotics for treating acne or rosacea (7Trusted Source, 8Trusted Source).

May Help Prevent Melanoma:
Melanoma is a serious type of skin cancer that develops in the cells that produce melanin, the pigment that gives your skin its color.
Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, either from the sun or tanning beds, damages the DNA of your cells over time and is strongly correlated with melanoma.

Owing to its role in keeping your cells healthy, oral supplements of niacinamide have been shown to enhance DNA repair in UV damaged skin in humans (9Trusted Source, 10Trusted Source).

As such, niacinamide is a promising supplement that may protect against melanoma, especially in high-risk populations, such as those who have had previous nonmelanoma skin cancers (11Trusted Source, 12Trusted Source, 13Trusted Source, 14Trusted Source).


Useful for Chronic Kidney Disease:
Chronic kidney disease is the progressive loss of kidney function that affects your body’s ability to clean and filter blood and control blood pressure.
This can cause a harmful buildup of chemicals, such as phosphate, in your blood (15Trusted Source).

Research suggests that niacinamide may help decrease phosphate levels in people with kidney dysfunction by blocking its absorption (16Trusted Source, 17Trusted Source, 18Trusted Source, 19Trusted Source).

Phosphate levels are otherwise typically managed through diet, medications or dialysis, depending on the severity of the buildup (20Trusted Source).

May Slow the Progression of Type 1 Diabetes:
Type 1 diabetes is a condition in which your body attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas.
It’s been suggested that niacinamide protects and preserves the beta cells, thereby preventing or delaying the onset of type 1 diabetes in at-risk individuals (21Trusted Source, 22Trusted Source, 23Trusted Source).

However, research doesn’t support the notion that niacinamide can prevent the onset of type 1 diabetes, although it may help delay its progression by preserving beta cell function (24Trusted Source, 25Trusted Source, 26Trusted Source, 27Trusted Source).


Niacinamide may benefit those with certain skin conditions and reduce the risk of melanoma in high-risk individuals. It may also be useful for people with chronic kidney disease and, to a lesser extent, type 1 diabetes.

WHY INTEGRATE NIACINAMIDE INTO ANTI-AGING CARE?:
Today, vitamin B3 is increasingly used in our cosmetic care. 
For good reason, Vitamin B3 (Niacinamide) has many benefits for improving the condition of the skin - it is often called the “beautiful skin” vitamin.
With its high tolerance, it is suitable for all skin types without exception, even the most sensitive.

To reduce hyperpigmentation and dark spots:

Niacinamide is particularly popular in reducing brown spots. 
What is a brown spot? 
They are due to an imbalance in the production of melanin by the melanocyte. 
This imbalance leads to more or less visible and widespread hyperpigmentation of the skin in the form of spots.

Known for its lightening properties on brown spots, vitamin B3 offers a progressive and less irritating action than vitamin C to even out the complexion. 
It inhibits the process that leads to hyperpigmentation and stimulates the production of collagen which reduces age spots linked to sun exposure (photoaging).

Vitamin B3 is therefore particularly recommended if you are looking for an anti-spot treatment to make your brown spots or age spots disappear. 
We have integrated niacinamide into our LIFTACTIV anti-aging anti-spot treatments.

To maintain good hydration:

Vitamin B3 helps restore radiance and evenness to stressed, tired or irritated skin. 
Vitamin B3 (Niacinamide) also acts on certain factors responsible for loss of radiance, such as loss of hydration. 

By stimulating the synthesis of lipids essential for hydration and by strengthening the skin's barrier function, niacinamide thus helps maintain a good level of hydration in the skin. 
In other words, vitamin B3 rehydrates and maintains skin hydration.

To provide anti-wrinkle action

Vitamin B3 is a real asset for mature skin and skin affected by skin aging. 
At the heart of the dermis, the second layer of the skin, it promotes the production of collagen and elastin, two proteins essential for the tone and firmness of the skin. 
Result: vitamin B3 smoothes wrinkles and fine lines and offers a better skin texture.

To fight against free radicals

Like vitamin C, it has antioxidant properties and helps fight the harmful effects of free radicals on the body, these unstable molecules that damage cells. 
It also has the ability to strengthen the skin barrier and repair tissues damaged by external aggressions of the exposome such as exposure to UV rays, pollution, etc. 
Another asset for the health and youthfulness of the skin!

How to create your anti-aging routine with vitamin B3?:
Thanks to its many properties, vitamin B3 is included in many anti-aging treatments. 
Including niacinamide in your daily anti-aging routine helps strengthen the epidermis and make the skin brighter and more even.

The ideal anti-aging skincare routine that includes niacinamide?

1. Use our LIFTACTIV B3 anti-spot serum on previously cleansed and completely dry skin. 
Its hypoallergenic formula concentrated in niacinamide, glycolic acid, vitamin Cg and peptide, also has an anti-wrinkle action and is suitable for all skin types. 

2. Then apply the LIFTACTIV B3 anti-spot day cream SPF50 for a touch of hydration. Concentrated in anti-spot and anti-wrinkle active ingredients, such as vitamin B3 and hyaluronic acid, this light-textured day cream corrects and prevents the appearance of spots thanks to high SPF50 protection.


3. In the evening before bed, use the LIFTACTIV B3 anti-spot night cream, combining 4% niacinamide with anti-pigmentation and anti-inflammatory action, and 0.15% pure retinol with exfoliating action. 
This night cream works while you sleep to resurface the skin, reduce wrinkles and fade all types of persistent pigment spots. 
With each application, the complexion becomes more even and luminous.

Tolerated by every skin type, niacinamide is the essential active ingredient to regain a youthful and radiant complexion. 
It can also be combined with retinol, resveratrol or hyaluronic acid to act in synergy to have more beautiful skin for longer. 
In addition to its many virtues, it is one of the most stable cosmetic active ingredients because it is not sensitive to heat or light and is easier to store.

CHEMICAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF VITAMIN B3 (NIACINAMIDE):

Formula    C 6 H 5 N O 2   [Isomers]
Molar mass 1    123.109 4 ± 0.006  g / mol
C 58.54%, H 4.09%, N 11.38%, O 25.99%,
p K a    4.75 to 25  °C
Melting temperature    236.6  °C 2
Solubility    8.6  g • L -1 (water, 0  °C ),
24.7  g L -1 (water, 38  °C ) ,
97.6  g L -1 (water, 100  °C ),
5.7  g L -1 ( ethanol 96%, 0 °  C ),
76.0  g L -1 ( ethanol 96 % , 78  °C ),
63.0  g L -1 ( methanol , 0  °C ), 345.0 g
L  -1 ( methanol , 62 °  C ) 3
 
Density    1.473  g cm -3 3

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT VITAMIN B3 (NIACINAMIDE)
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician. 
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:
 
If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air. 
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately. 
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
 
In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.
 
If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting. 
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. 
Rinse mouth with water. 
Consult a physician.
 
Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas
 
Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment. 
 
Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas. 
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.
 
Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
 
Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. 
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
 
Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.
 
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. 
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials
 
Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
 
Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles. 
Faceshield (8-inch minimum). 
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
 
Skin protection:
Handle with gloves. 
Gloves must be inspected prior to use. 
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. 
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. 
Wash and dry hands.
 
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.
 
Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls. 
 
If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator. 
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. 
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
 
Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions. 
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.
 
Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. 
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.
 

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