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Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) with zinc oxide, forming a coordination complex with the molecular formula C₁₄H₈N₂S₄Zn.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) appears as a pale yellow or light gray powder, insoluble in water but dispersible in organic solvents and rubber matrices.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) is part of the thiazole family of heterocyclic compounds and contains sulfur and nitrogen atoms that bond with zinc ions.
CAS Number: 155-04-4
Molecular Formula: C14H8N2S4Zn
Molecular Weight: 397.88
EINECS Number: 205-840-3
Synonyms:Zinc 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 155-04-4, Bantex, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole zinc salt, Zenite, Zetax, Zenite special, Vulkacit ZM, Hermat Zn-mbt, Pennac ZT, Tisperse MB-58, Zinc 2-benzothiazolethiolate, Caswell No. 917, ZINC MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE, Zinc benzothiazolethiolate, HMM5IX9Q3B, USAF GY-7, Zinc mercaptobenzothiazolate, Zinc benzothiazolylmercaptide, Bis(2-benzothiazolylthio)zinc, Zinc benzothiazolyl mercaptide, Mercaptobenzothiazole zinc salt, Zinc mercaptobenzothiazole salt, 2-Benzothiazolethiol zinc salt, Zinc benzothiazol-2-ylthiolate, Zinc benzothiazyl-2-mercaptide, Zinc bis(mercaptobenzothiazole), Bis(mercaptobenzothiazolato)zinc, HSDB 5419, Bis(benzothiazole-2-thiolato)zinc, Zinc bis(2-mercaptobenzothiazole), EINECS 205-840-3, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 051705, 2-Benzothiazolethiol, zinc salt (2:1), Zinc, bis(2-benzothiazolethiolato)-, EC 205-840-3, NSC 285168, NSC-285168, ZINC MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE [HSDB], 2(3H)-Benzothiazolethione, zinc salt (2:1), Hermat ZnMBT, Tisperse MB58, RefChem:904959, Zinc 2benzothiazolethiolate, Zinc 2mercaptobenzothiazole, Zinc benzothiazol2ylthiolate, Zinc benzothiazyl2mercaptide, Bis(2benzothiazolylthio)zinc, Zinc 2mercaptobenzothiazolate, 2Benzothiazolethiol zinc salt, Bis(benzothiazole2thiolato)zinc, 2Mercaptobenzothiazole zinc salt, Zinc bis(2mercaptobenzothiazole), Zinc, bis(2benzothiazolethiolato), 2(3H)Benzothiazolethione, zinc salt, 2Benzothiazolethiol, zinc salt (2:1), 2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLEZINCSALT, OXAF, Zinc 2-mercaptobenzothiazolate, ZnMB, ZMBT, zinc bis(1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiolate), 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole, zinc, zinc;1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiolate, Zinc(II) benzo[d]thiazole-2-thiolate, MFCD00072234, UNII-HMM5IX9Q3B, C14H8N2S4Zn, SCHEMBL410383, DTXSID6020808, SCHEMBL29352972, PGNWIWKMXVDXHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L, FM41186, SY105908, CS-0188512, NS00075634, Z0033, E77122, Q27094435, 2(3H)-Benzothiazolethione,zincsalt;2-benzothiazolethiol,zincsalt(2:1);2-benzothiazolethiolzincsalt;accelerator(zmbt);pennaczt;tispersemb-58;usafgy-7;vulkacitzm
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) is an organosulfur compound with the formula C6H4(NH)SC=S.
A white solid, it is a reagent in organic synthesis and in the sulfur vulcanization of rubber.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT), is an organozinc compound widely used as an accelerator and activator in the rubber vulcanization process.
This structure gives it high thermal stability and the ability to form intermediate complexes during sulfur crosslinking reactions.
Its dual function as both an activator and secondary accelerator makes it a valuable additive in natural and synthetic rubber formulations.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) is particularly important for the controlled vulcanization of latex, natural rubber, and synthetic elastomers.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) ensures a gradual, uniform curing process that prevents premature scorching and enhances final product elasticity.
Because of this balanced reactivity, it is preferred for applications that require precise processing conditions, such as medical gloves and dipped latex goods.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) is often used in combination with other accelerators like zinc oxide, MBT, or ZDBC to fine-tune curing rates.
These synergistic systems help achieve specific mechanical properties such as tensile strength, resilience, and abrasion resistance.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) also improves heat aging performance, making the finished rubber more durable in harsh environments.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) can act as a corrosion inhibitor and stabilizer in lubricants and greases.
Its sulfur content and metal-binding properties allow it to form protective films on metal surfaces.
This helps prevent oxidation and wear in industrial equipment and machinery operating under high pressure or temperature.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT)’s stability and low solubility also make it suitable for use in coatings, adhesives, and sealants.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) contributes to chemical resistance and long-term durability by enhancing polymer crosslinking at the molecular level.
In certain formulations, ZMBT may also serve as an antioxidant or UV stabilizer for extended material life.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) is non-volatile and thermally stable up to moderate processing temperatures.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) does not release significant toxic vapors under standard manufacturing conditions, which contributes to safer workplace handling.
Its compatibility with both natural and synthetic rubber types ensures broad industrial applicability.
However, as a metal-organic compound, Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) must be handled with caution due to potential environmental persistence.
It may cause mild skin or eye irritation and should be managed using protective equipment and proper ventilation.
Industrial use is regulated to prevent environmental contamination and ensure compliance with chemical safety standards.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) is an essential specialty chemical in rubber technology and material science.
Its ability to control vulcanization speed, improve mechanical performance, and enhance product longevity makes it indispensable in high-quality elastomer manufacturing.
With careful handling and environmental management, it continues to be one of the most reliable accelerators in modern rubber processing.
Pale yellow powder, with a slight bitter taste.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) is almost insoluble in acetone, benzene, ethanol, and carbon tetrachloride.
It is insoluble in water and gasoline.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) decomposes in strong acidic and alkaline environments
The molecule is planar with a C=S double bond, so the name Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) is a misnomer, a more appropriate name could be benzothiazoline-2-thione.
Solution measurements by NMR spectroscopy could not measure the presence of the thiol tautomer that the name implies, instead it exists as a thione/dithiocarbamate and the hydrogen appears on the nitrogen in the solid state, gas-phase, and in solution.
Theory indicates that the thione tautomer is about 39 kJ/mol lower in energy than the thiol, and a hydrogen-bonded dimer of the thione has even lower energy.
Melting point: 330 °C
Density: 1.7 g/cm³ (25 °C)
Storage temperature: Refrigerator
Solubility: Slightly soluble in acidic methanol (heated)
Form: Solid
pKa: 7.03 (20 °C)
Color: White to off-white
Water solubility: 20.6 mg/L (20 °C)
LogP: 2.42 (20 °C)
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) is a zinc 2-mercaptobenzothiazole by Shanghai LanMone New Material Technology.
It acts as a secondary accelerator in combination with Longlock PZ and Longlock EZ.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) is compatible with NR, IR, SBR, NBR and EPDM.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) offers lower scorch and better processing safety.
It requires zinc oxide and stearic acid as activators in rubber batch.
It can be diluted in chloroform and acetone.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) is partly soluble in carbon tetrachloride, benzene and ethanol.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) is insoluble in gasoline, water and ethyl acetate.
It can be easily dispersed in rubbers.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) yields non-staining and non-discoloring products.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) is mainly used in manufacturing of latex products, foam rubber and latex coating gloves.
Such Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) hydrosoluble salts are used as antioxidants and biocides in cutting fluids and greases, paints, or glues.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) has been produced by many methods.
The industrial route entails the high temperature reaction of aniline and carbon disulfide in the presence of sulfur, which proceeds by this idealized equation: C6H5NH2 + CS2 + S → C6H4(NH)SC=S + H2S
The traditional route is the reaction of 2-aminothiophenol and carbon disulfide: C6H4(NH2)SH + CS2 → C6H4(NH)SC=S + H2S
This method was developed by the discoverer of the compound, A. W. Hoffmann. Other routes developed by Hoffmann include the reactions of carbon disulfide with Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) and of sodium hydrosulfide with chlorobenzothiazole.
Further synthetic advances were reported in the 1920s that included demonstration that phenyldithiocarbamates pyrolyze to benzothiazole derivative.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) is insoluble in water but dissolves upon the addition of base, reflecting deprotonation.
Treatment with Raney nickel results in monodesulfurization, giving benzothiazole: C6H4(NH)SC=S + Ni → C6H4(N)SCH + NiS
The benzo ring undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution at the position para to nitrogen.
S-alkylation of Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) gives thioether, which can be oxidized to the sulfone.
This sequence sets the stage for the Modified Julia olefination.
Oxidation gives mercaptobenzothiazole disulfide.
This disulfide reacts with amines to give sulfenamide derivatives such Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT).
These compounds are used in sulphur vulcanization, where they act as accelerators.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) is a zinc-based coordination compound derived from 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), a well-known thiazole accelerator.
It has the chemical structure of a bis(2-mercaptobenzothiazolato)zinc complex, where the zinc ion is coordinated with sulfur atoms from the thiol groups.
This coordination provides the compound with excellent stability, limited solubility in water, and a characteristic yellowish-gray color.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) is mainly synthesized by neutralizing MBT with zinc oxide or zinc salts in an aqueous or alcoholic medium.
The resulting precipitate is filtered, washed, and dried to yield Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) as a fine powder suitable for industrial use.
This simple and efficient process produces a compound that can be easily dispersed in rubber and polymer matrices.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) plays a key role in the vulcanization process, which involves crosslinking rubber chains using sulfur to improve elasticity and durability.
It acts as a secondary accelerator that enhances the activity of primary accelerators like MBTS (dibenzothiazyl disulfide) or ZDMC (zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate).
Its balanced reactivity ensures that curing occurs gradually, avoiding excessive heat generation or premature vulcanization during processing.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) is particularly valuable for latex products, where controlled curing is critical to achieve smooth surface quality and mechanical integrity.
It provides excellent stability in latex dispersions, preventing coagulation and maintaining viscosity during storage and processing.
For this reason, it is commonly used in the manufacture of medical gloves, condoms, balloons, and foam rubber materials.
In natural and synthetic rubber formulations, Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) improves tensile strength, elongation, and resistance to cracking under dynamic stress.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) enhances heat aging resistance and prevents degradation during repeated mechanical deformation.
These properties make it ideal for producing tires, gaskets, belts, hoses, and other durable rubber components.
Beyond rubber, Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) finds application in lubricant and grease formulations as a corrosion and oxidation inhibitor.
It forms a protective film on metal surfaces that minimizes friction and wear under extreme conditions.
Its sulfur–metal interaction provides chemical stability and prolongs the service life of industrial machinery and automotive systems.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) can also function as a stabilizer in plastics, adhesives, and coatings by preventing oxidative degradation.
Its molecular structure allows it to scavenge free radicals and protect materials exposed to ultraviolet radiation or heat.
This stabilizing effect is valuable for long-term storage and outdoor applications of polymer-based materials.
In the textile and leather industries, Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) may be used as a preservative or antimicrobial additive.
It prevents microbial growth in water-based emulsions and latex formulations used for coatings or finishing.
Its antifungal and antibacterial properties arise from the sulfur moieties and metal coordination sites present in its structure.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) is a non-volatile, thermally stable, and chemically resistant compound.
It can withstand high processing temperatures without decomposing, which ensures consistent vulcanization results.
Because of its low dusting tendency, it is safer to handle compared to some traditional thiazole accelerators.
From a toxicological perspective, Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) is classified as mildly hazardous but not acutely toxic under standard industrial conditions.
It may cause mild skin or eye irritation upon prolonged contact and should be handled with gloves and safety goggles.
Although it is less volatile and less bioavailable than other accelerators, proper ventilation and hygiene practices are essential.
Environmental management is important when using Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole since it contains both metal and organic sulfur components.
It can persist in aquatic environments and may cause ecological harm if discharged in large quantities.
For this reason, wastewater from rubber production plants is typically treated to remove or neutralize residues before disposal.
In terms of material performance, Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) enhances the dynamic fatigue resistance and reversion stability of cured rubber.
It provides excellent modulus and compression set properties, ensuring dimensional stability under repeated mechanical stress.
Its controlled activation temperature allows precise processing in both continuous and batch vulcanization systems.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) is a multifunctional accelerator, stabilizer, and corrosion inhibitor.
Its combination of reactivity, stability, and environmental performance makes it indispensable in modern rubber technology.
When handled responsibly, it enables the production of durable, flexible, and high-quality rubber goods for diverse industrial and consumer applications.
Uses Of Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT):
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) is an additive which is used in flooring material to allow excellent hardening at low temperatures.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) can be considered as an intermediate between URCC M and URCC DM.
It is used as a secondary accelerator together with URCC PZ and URCC EZ.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) has similar performance to M in dry rubber applications.
It has a slightly shorter burn time and provides processing safety.
Suitable for mold curing. Many rubber compounds require zinc oxide and stearic acid as activators.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) disperses easily in rubber and provides non-staining and non-discoloring products.
Typically used in the production of latex products, foam rubber, latex-coated gloves, etc.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT), rubber vulcanizes with less sulfur and at milder temperatures, both factors give a stronger product.
This effect was reported by workers at Pirelli and at Goodyear Tire & Rubber.
In polymerization, it finds use as a radical polymerization inhibitor, chain transfer agent, reforming agent, and additive for photoinitiators.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) has also been used in the past in the gold-mining industry for the froth flotation of gold from ore residue as part of the extraction process.
Sodium salt is used as a biocide and preservative in adhesives (especially based on latex, starch, casein, and animal glues), paper, textiles.
Often found together with sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate as e.g. Vancide 51. Zinc salt is used as a secondary accelerator in latex foam vulcanization.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) can be added to oil-based hydraulic fluids, heat-transfer fluids (oils, antifreezes), cutting fluids and other mixtures as a corrosion inhibitor, effective for copper and copper alloys.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) is also used in veterinary dermatology.
In electroplating it is used as a brightener for copper sulfate baths, at about 50-100 milligrams/liter.
Also can be added to silver cyanide baths.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) is primarily used as a secondary accelerator in the sulfur vulcanization of natural and synthetic rubber.
It promotes controlled and uniform crosslinking of rubber chains, improving mechanical strength, elasticity, and resistance to aging.
Because of its balanced reactivity, it is favored in formulations where precise curing control is required, such as latex and technical rubber products.
In the latex industry, Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) is used to manufacture thin-walled, flexible materials such as medical gloves, balloons, and condoms.
It provides excellent storage stability in latex compounds, preventing coagulation and viscosity fluctuations during processing.
Its slow but consistent vulcanization behavior ensures high-quality film formation and smooth surface appearance in finished goods.
In tire and automotive rubber production, Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) enhances the thermal and mechanical properties of vulcanized compounds.
It improves tensile strength, elongation, and wear resistance while maintaining elasticity under varying loads.
These properties make it useful in producing tires, seals, hoses, gaskets, belts, and vibration-damping components.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) is also used in combination with other accelerators such as MBT, MBTS, ZDMC, or ZDBC to adjust cure rate and scorch safety.
This synergistic use allows manufacturers to achieve specific processing and performance characteristics in rubber formulations.
It helps balance fast activation with long scorch time, providing safety and efficiency during large-scale production.
In industrial and mechanical applications, Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) acts as a corrosion inhibitor in lubricants and greases.
Its sulfur-zinc complex forms a protective layer on metal surfaces that prevents oxidation and wear under pressure and heat.
This makes it valuable in machinery, engines, and hydraulic systems where metal parts are exposed to friction and high stress.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) is also incorporated into certain polymer coatings, adhesives, and sealants to enhance stability and resistance to environmental degradation.
It provides chemical crosslinking support and improves resistance against UV light, ozone, and oxidative attack.
This extends the service life of coated materials and protects against weathering in outdoor applications.
In plastics and polymer systems, Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) functions as a stabilizer and antioxidant.
It helps maintain the integrity of materials subjected to thermal stress during molding or extrusion.
Its radical-scavenging properties minimize discoloration and brittleness caused by prolonged exposure to heat and oxygen.
The compound also finds use as a preservative and antimicrobial additive in emulsions and latex-based coatings.
It inhibits bacterial and fungal growth, ensuring longer shelf life of water-borne formulations.
This property makes it particularly valuable in textile finishing, leather treatment, and industrial emulsions.
In research and laboratory applications, Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) serves as a model compound for studying metal–sulfur coordination chemistry.
It is used in the synthesis of metal-organic complexes and as a ligand for investigating catalytic and photochemical reactions.
Its thiazole structure and sulfur coordination behavior make it an important compound in organometallic studies.
Additionally, Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) is used as a stabilizer in industrial water systems and cooling fluids to prevent corrosion of metallic components.
It forms a durable passive film on steel and copper surfaces, reducing metal ion leaching into solution.
This helps extend the operational life of heat exchangers, pipelines, and process equipment.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) is a multifunctional compound with major applications in rubber vulcanization, lubrication, coatings, and corrosion protection.
Its ability to control curing, enhance durability, and prevent oxidation makes it indispensable in the rubber and polymer industries.
Through its versatility, it supports both high-performance manufacturing and the longevity of engineered materials.
Safety Profile Of Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT):
Poison by intraperitoneal route, moderately toxic by ingestion and subcutaneous routes.Questionable carcinogen with experimental carcinogenicdata.
When heated to decomposition it emits very toxicfumes of SOx, NOx, and ZnO.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) has a low toxicity in mice, with an LD50 of > 960 mg/kg.
In 2016, it was identified by the World Health Organization as probably carcinogenic to humans.
It causes allergic contact dermatitis.
The derivative Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) is a reported allergen in protective gloves, including latex, nitrile, and neoprene gloves.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) becomes air-borne as a result of wear on car tires, and is able to be inhaled, evidence suggests that benzothiazoles biodegrade readily.
Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) is classified as a hazardous chemical when mishandled, particularly due to its potential for skin, eye, and respiratory irritation.
Although it is less toxic than its precursor 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), prolonged or repeated exposure can still lead to sensitization and allergic reactions.
In industrial environments, direct contact or inhalation of fine dust should be strictly avoided through proper protective measures.
When handled in powder form, Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) can cause mechanical and chemical irritation to the skin.
Symptoms may include redness, dryness, and itching if contact is prolonged.
Workers are advised to wear gloves and protective clothing to minimize dermal exposure during weighing, mixing, or loading operations.
Eye contact with Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) dust or particles can result in tearing, irritation, and temporary discomfort.
Because the compound may contain trace acidic or sulfur-containing residues, rinsing with clean water is essential after contact.
The use of safety goggles or full-face protection is recommended in areas where airborne particles might be present.
Inhalation of Zinc 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (ZMBT) dust or fumes during high-temperature processing can irritate the nose, throat, and lungs.
Exposure may cause coughing, shortness of breath, or mild respiratory inflammation if ventilation is inadequate.
Using local exhaust systems and wearing respirators when airborne particles are generated helps reduce this risk.
