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ZINC CARBONATE
Zinc carbonate is the inorganic compound with the formula ZnCO3.
Zinc carbonate is a white solid that is insoluble in water.
Zinc carbonate exists in nature as the mineral smithsonite.
Zinc carbonate is prepared by treating cold solutions of zinc sulfate with potassium bicarbonate.
Upon warming, Zinc carbonate converts to basic zinc carbonate (Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6).
Zinc carbonate adopts the same structure as calcium carbonate (calcite).
Zinc is octahedral and each carbonate is bonded to six Zn centers such that oxygen atoms are three-coordinate.
CAS: 3486-35-9
European Community (EC) Number: 222-477-6
IUPAC Name: zinc;carbonate
Molecular Formula: ZnCO3
CO3Zn
Molecular Weight: 125.4 g/mol
Zinc Carbonate Basic (Zinc Hydroxide Carbonate)is a water insoluble Zinc source that can easily be converted to other Zinc compounds, such as the oxide by heating (calcination).
Carbonate compounds also give off carbon dioxide when treated with dilute acids.
Zinc Carbonate is generally immediately available in most volumes.
High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.
Zinc carbonate appears as a white crystalline solid or powder that is insoluble in water.
Used in pharmaceuticals, to make other zinc compounds, as a feed additive.
Nutrient supplement.
Zinc carbonate belongs to the family of Organic Carbonic Acids and Derivatives.
These are compounds comprising the organic carbonic acid or a derivative thereof.
Zinc Carbonate Basic, also known as Zinc Subcarbonate, and Basic Zinc Carbonate, has the chemical formula 3Zn(OH)2-2ZnCO3 or C2H12O12Zn5.
Zinc carbonate appears as a white powder with no odor.
Zinc carbonate is insoluble in Water and Alcohol at ambient conditions.
Zinc carbonate can be conveniently converted to other zinc compounds through calcination, such as Zinc Oxide.
Color / Form: WHITE RHOMBIC CRYSTALS
WHITE, CRYSTALLINE POWDER
Odor: Odorless
Melting Point: Loses CO2 at 572 °F = 300 °F = 573.2 °F
Solubility: 0.001 G/100 G OF WATER AT 15 °C; SOL IN DIL ACIDS, ALKALIES & SOLN OF AMMONIUM SALTS.
Density: 4.398 at 68 °F
Autoignition Temperature: Not flammable
Refractive Index: INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.818, 1.618
Zinc Carbonate is a colourless or white solid that is found in nature forming the Smithsonite mineral, in which it can be alone or with other elements such as cobalt or copper, which give it violet or green colour respectively.
Zinc carbonate is almost insoluble in water, but it dissolves easily in dilute acids since the carbonate ion in an acidic medium forms carbonic acid (H2CO3), which is then converted into CO2 gas and water.
Zinc carbonate is used as an antiseptic in animal wounds and is sometimes supplied in the diet to avoid diseases caused by zinc deficiency.
Zinc carbonate serves to delay the burning of certain fibres, plastics and rubber when they come into contact with the fire.
Zinc carbonate allows the separation of toxic arsenic minerals from other rocks safely.
Zinc carbonate has been used in toothpaste to recover dentin in teeth that have been whitening.
Structure of Zinc Carbonate
Zinc carbonate consists of a Zn 2+ cation and a CO3 2- anion.
The carbon in the carbonate ion has an oxidation state of +4.
This ion has a flat structure with the three oxygen atoms surrounding the carbon atom.
Production of Zinc Carbonate
Generally, Zinc carbonate is formed as a secondary mineral in Zinc mining deposits, for the Zinc carbonate to form these deposits must present oxidation zones.
Zinc carbonate can also be found in sedimentary deposits and directly oxidized products.
Zinc carbonate is obtained by grinding the Smithsonite mineral, formerly called zinc spar.
Zinc carbonate can also be prepared by mixing a sodium carbonate solution with zinc salt, such as zinc sulfate.
Sodium sulfate remains dissolved, and zinc carbonate precipitates:
ZnSO4 + Na2CO3 → ZnCO3 + Na2SO4
Properties of Zinc Carbonate
The main properties of Zinc Carbonate given below:
Molecular weight: 125.4 g/mol
Physical state: Colorless solid or crystalline white. Rhombic crystals.
Melting point: At 140 ºC it decomposes without melting.
Solubility: Practically insoluble in water: 0.000091 g/100 g of H2O at 20 °C.
Soluble in dilute acids, alkalis and ammonium salt solutions.
Insoluble in ammonia, alcohol and acetone.
Density: 4.398 g/cm3 at 20 °C.
Chemical Properties of Zinc Carbonate
Zinc carbonate reacts with acids to form carbon dioxide:
ZnCO3 + 2H+ → Zn2+ + H2O + CO2
Zinc carbonate dissolves in bases forming the hydroxide, which partially dissolves forming a zincate ion:
ZnCO3 + 2OH- → Zn(OH)2 + CO32-
Zn(OH)2 + H2O + OH → [Zn(OH)3(H2O)]
Zinc carbonate is not flammable.
When heated to decomposition, Zinc carbonate produces zinc oxide and carbon dioxide but can emit carbon monoxide (CO).
ZnCO3 + heat → ZnO + CO2
Advantages of Zinc Carbonate
Zinc carbonate processes are highly environmentally friendly and efficient, due to its low content of heavy metals (5PPM or less).
Guaranteeing environmental protection, and additionally, benefits in economic terms.
Through production equipment, zinc carbonate can be efficiently worked with materials such as stainless steel and copper, guaranteeing that the products do not contain impurities when they go to the market.
The hot air drying method can be used in order to ensure that the products do not contain uniformities when drying.
The products in this range will have good fluidity, highly uniform fineness and specific high surfaces.
Applications of Zinc Carbonate
Zinc Carbonate has a lot of applications.
The main ones are listed below:
In Veterinary Applications
Zinc carbonate serves as an astringent, antiseptic, and topical wound protector in animals.
Zinc carbonate also helps prevent diseases caused by zinc deficiency, which is why it is used as a supplement in the diet of some animals, provided that the amounts administered are within the standards established by health organizations.
Zinc carbonate is sometimes administered as a micronutrient to prevent disease in animals.
In Medical Treatments
Zinc carbonate allows for obtaining some pharmaceutical products.
Zinc carbonate is applied to inflamed skin in the form of a powder or lotion.
As a Flame Retardant
Zinc carbonate is used as a fireproof filler for rubbers and plastics that are exposed to high temperatures.
Zinc carbonate protects textile fibres from fire.
In the case of cotton textiles, it is applied to the fabric along with some alkali.
This directly attacks the primary hydroxyl groups (–CH2OH) of the cellulose and converts them into sodium cellulose (–CH2ONa).
The breakdown of cellulose bonds by the alkali favours a greater penetrability of the chains of the compact cellulosic structure, which is why more ZnCO3 manages to enter the amorphous zone of this, and its dispersion is facilitated.
Some cotton fabrics may contain ZnCO3 in their fibres to make them fire-resistant.
As a result, the amount of flammable gas that could be produced by fire is reduced.
To Separate Dangerous Minerals from Arsenic
Methods of separating arsenic minerals from sulfide rocks (such as galena, chalcopyrite, and pyrite) have been tested using ZnCO3.
The mineral-rich in arsenic must be separated from the others because this element is a very toxic and poisonous pollutant for living beings.
To achieve this, the mixture of the ground rocks is treated with a solution of zinc sulfate and sodium carbonate at a pH of 7.5-9.0 and a xanthate compound.
The effectiveness of the formula is attributed to the formation of small ZnCO3 particles on the surface of the arsenopyrite, making it hydrophilic (related to water), so it cannot adhere to air bubbles and cannot float, precipitating and separating of the other minerals.
In Dental Treatments
Certain toothpaste based on zinc carbonate and hydroxyapatite nanocrystals are applied regularly to the denture.
Zinc carbonate reduces hypersensitivity more effectively than those based on fluorine.
ZnCO3 and hydroxyapatite nanocrystals have a size, shape, chemical composition and crystallinity similar to that of dentin so that the dentinal tubules can be closed with the application of these materials.
ZnCO3 -hydroxyapatite nanoparticles have been successfully tested to decrease sensitivity in whitened teeth.
This type of toothpaste is useful after teeth whitening processes.
In Obtaining other Zinc Compounds
Zinc carbonate has been used to obtain hydrophobic zinc borate nanostructures of the formula 3ZnO.3B2O3.3.5H2O.
This material can be used as a flame retardant additive in polymers, wood and textiles.
In The Recovery of Zinc from Residual Effluents
Synthetic waters rich in zinc ions discarded by electroplating processes can be treated by fluidized bed technology using sodium carbonate to precipitate ZnCO3.
By precipitating the Zn2+ in the form of the carbonate, its concentration decreases, the solid obtained is filtered, and the waters can be disposed of safely.
The precipitated ZnCO3is of high purity.
Other Uses
Zinc carbonate allows for preparing other zinc compounds.
Zinc carbonate is used in cosmetics.
Zinc carbonate serves as a pigment and is used in the manufacture of porcelain, ceramics and pottery.
They are usually applied to products that contain transparent gums and EVA-type foaming agents with refraction indices similar to rubber.
Regarding branches of medicines, some components of Zinc carbonate is usually applied in treatments for patients with skin problems.
They are applied in light and astringent latex products.
Carbonate is also used as a raw material for the production of rayon, a compound used in the field of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
Furthermore, Zinc carbonate is also used in the production of some catalysts.
Zinc carbonate is a chemical that reacts with H2S to form the ZnS, a more stable and soluble component used to process oil drilling—allowing that at the moment of sludge suspension, no other component is affected after the addition of carbonate in the sludge.
Zinc carbonate serves to remove most of the H2S contamination and corrosion during this process.
Zinc carbonate eliminates traces of sulfur found in oil and gas wells.
Zinc carbonate also acts as a corrosion inhibitor.
Zinc carbonate components are also applied for the creation and production of rubber soles, products that are made with plastic rubbers, rubber plates,
tires of all kinds (especially those for motorcycles), belts, elastic bands, accessories for pipes, Zinc stearate, ZPT, among other materials.
Applications
Under operating conditions, zinc carbonate reacts with sulfides to form zinc sulfide (ZnS), which has an extremely low solubility in water (0.0096 g/mL).
Drilling fluids should not be acidified; otherwise, hydrogen sulfide could be liberated.
zinc carbonate is effective as a scavenger at the pH levels found in drilling fluids.
It is recommended that a pH above 10 be maintained whenever H2S is expected.
This high alkalinity converts the dangerous H2S gas to less toxic bisulfide (HS-) and sulfide (S2-) ions.
The alkaline pH (>10) allows an extra margin of safety.
The initial treatment of zinc carbonate is usually 1.5 to 3 lb/bbl (3.75 to 8.0 kg/m3), depending on requirements.
Subsequent field treatments should be based on approximately 1 lb/bbl (2.85 kg/m3) of zinc carbonate per 800 mg/L of sulfides detected.
One hundred kilograms (kg) of zinc carbonate reacts with approximately 25 kg of hydrogen sulfide.
Use a Garrett Gas Train and proper Dräger tubes to measure the sulfide content.
Zinccarbonate scavenger should be added through the hopper.
The product has a fine particle size and good dispersibility which minimizes reaction time.
The use of excessively high pH (>11.5) should be avoided when using zinc carbonate scavenger in water-base fluids, as extreme viscosity increases are likely.
Advantages
• Is not pH-dependent; it is effective at alkaline pH, such as 10 to 11, whereas iron materials are less so
• Helps remove the hazard of dangerous H2S gas escaping to the surface
• Lessens the possibility of hydrogen embrittlement occurring on downhole tubulars
• zinc carbonate can be used in oil- and synthetic-base fluids, but pilot testing is recommended
SYNONYMS:
ZINC CARBONATE
3486-35-9
Zinc monocarbonate
zinc;carbonate
Carbonic acid, zinc salt (1:1)
Zinc carbonate (1:1)
Zinccarbonate
K8290PTQ4F
CI 77950
Zinc Oxide Transparent
C.I. 77950
DTXSID5049817
Zincspar
Natural smithsonite
HSDB 1048
EINECS 222-477-6
UNII-K8290PTQ4F
zinc carbonic acid
zinc(ii) carbonate
carbonic acid zinc salt
ZINC CARBONATE [MI]
SCHEMBL20746
ZINC CARBONATE (ZNCO3)
DTXCID9029776
ZINC MONOCARBONATE [HSDB]
CHEBI:184449
FMRLDPWIRHBCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L
ZINC(+2) CATION CARBONATE
MFCD00041957
10476-83-2
FT-0774765
NS00075664
Q204661
