ZINC PYITHIONE

It is a kind of formulated form of zinc, it is the most commonly used substance in the treatment of intense dandruff, it may be sufficient alone, but it is known that its effectiveness is increased with climacbazole, where dandruff is very exaggerated such as excessive dandruff, oily eczema and psoriasis.

Zinc Pyrithione, which is the cause of dandruff, with its fast binding renewed, solves the problem by dissolving the dead skin layer, this is called keratolytic effect. Since the problem in seborrheic dermatitis and excessive dandruff is fungus, additionally using climbazole will increase the success of the treatment.

The only use of Zinc Pyrithione is shampoos, it can be used in shampoos with different structures and can be used in shampoos that cannot be used more than 2 times. It is slightly malodorous, but this bad odor is greatly reduced in shampoos.

There are many scientific studies done with Zinc Pyrithione + climbazol and better results have been obtained than Zinc Pyrithione alone. If you have oily eczema or excessive dandruff, your choice should be a shampoo with Zinc Pyrithione and climbazol.

It is a chemical among the pyrithione complex compounds of Zinc Bromide. It is a chemical with antifungal and antimicrobial.

How is it produced?
Zinc Pyrithione production A compound consisting of a 2-Bromopyridine N-oxide or a 2-chloropyridine group is selected. One of the bases of Sodium Hydrosulfite, sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide to this selected aqueous solution. The basing process here ranges from 20 ° C to 65 ° C.

The sodium pyrithione obtained for production is increased from 75 ° C to 105 ° C and reacted with a zinc salt. The zinc salt used here is zinc chloride (ZnCl2) or zinc sulphate (ZnSO4).

What Are Its Physical And Chemical Properties?
It is in cloudy white powder form.

Melting Point is approximately 240 ° C.

Its density at 25 ° C is 1.782 g / cm³.

It emits toxic fumes when heated with heat. These emit nitrogen oxides, zinc oxide and sulfur oxide fumes.

It has low resolution. Polyethylene Glycol (PEG400) has a solubility of 2g / kg.

pH range 4.5 to 9.5.

What Are The Uses Of Zinc Pyrithione?
It is an antifungal and antimicrobial agent that blocks the transport of membranes.
It is the chemical zinc pyrithione that prevents the formation of mold caused by gram positive and gram negative bacteria in the hair.
In the cosmetics industry, shampoos are used to strengthen and rejuvenate hair and prevent hair from bleaching.
It is used to create dye lice.
It is used to destroy such fungi in order to prevent the formation of dandruff fungi on hair. It also has low irritating properties.
It prevents the formation of fungi by interfering with the primary proton pump.
Blackmail is an important ingredient for regulating the structure of keratin. 1% - 2% traded.
It prevents the growth of bacteria and algae in outdoor paints.

Zinc pyithione (Çinko Piriton)

What is pyrithione zinc?
Pyrithione zinc, also commonly known as zinc pyrithione, has antibacterial, antimicrobial, and antifungal properties that can help treat seborrheic dermatitis (also called dandruff), scalp psoriasis, and acne.

It can inhibit the growth of yeastTrusted Source, which is a main factor in dandruff. As the name suggests, pyrithione zinc is derived from the chemical element zinc and it’s used in a variety of hair and skin care products.

It is a formulation of zinc, it is the most commonly used substance in the treatment of intense dandruff, it may be sufficient alone, but it is known that its effectiveness is increased with climbazol in cases where dandruff is too exaggerated such as excessive dandruff, oily eczema and psoriasis.

Zinc Pyrithione solves the problem by dissolving the dead skin layer that develops due to rapid skin regeneration, which is the cause of dandruff, and this effect is called keratolytic effect. Since the main problem in seborrheic dermatitis and excessive dandruff is fungus, the use of climbazole in addition will increase the success in treatment.

The only use of Zinc Pyrithione is shampoos, it can be used in shampoos with different structures, it can be used in shampoos that cannot be used more than 2 times a week, as well as in high quality shampoos suitable for daily use.

There are many scientific studies done with Zinc Pyrithione + climbazol, and better results have been obtained than Zinc Pyrithione alone. If you have oily eczema or excessive dandruff, your choice should be a shampoo with Zinc Pyrithione and climbazol.

It is a chemical among the pyrithione complex compounds of Zinc Bromide. It is a chemical with antifungal and antimicrobial properties.

How is it produced?
Zinc Pyrithione production A compound consisting of a 2-Bromopyridine N-oxide or a 2-chloropyridine group is selected. One of the bases of Sodium Hydrosulfite, sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide is added to this selected aqueous solution. During the base addition process, the temperature ranges between 20 ° C and 65 ° C.

The sodium pyrithione obtained in the production process is increased from 75 ° C to 105 ° C and reacted with a zinc salt. The zinc salt used here is zinc chloride (ZnCl2) or zinc sulphate (ZnSO4).

What Are Its Physical And Chemical Properties?
It is in cloudy white powder form.

Melting Point is approximately 240 ° C.

Its density at 25 ° C is 1.782 g / cm³.

It emits toxic fumes when heated with heat. These emit nitrogen oxides, zinc oxide and sulfur oxide fumes.

It has low resolution. Polyethylene Glycol (PEG400) has a resolution of 2g / kg.

The pH range is between 4.5 and 9.5.

What Are The Uses Of Zinc Pyrithione?
It is an antifungal and antimicrobial agent that blocks the transport of membranes.
It is the chemical zinc pyrithione that prevents the formation of mold caused by gram positive and gram negative bacteria on the hair.
In the cosmetics industry, it is used in the production of hair strengthening and rejuvenating shampoos that prevent hair whitening.
It is used to prevent bacterial growth in the paint.
It is used to destroy such fungi in order to prevent the formation of dandruff fungi on hair. It also has low irritating properties.
It prevents the growth of fungi by interfering with the primary proton pump.
Blackmail is an important ingredient for regulating the structure of keratin. It is processed using a range of 1% - 2%.
It prevents the formation of bacteria and algae in outdoor paints.

[Molecular Formula]

C10H8N2O2S2Zn
[MDL Number]

MFCD00067336
[Molecular Weight]

317.7
[MOL File]

13463-41-7.mol
Hazard Information    Back Directory
[Chemical Properties]

Beige granules
[General Description]

Fine beige granules.
[Reactivity Profile]

Organometallics, such as ZINC PYRITHIONE(13463-41-7), are reactive with many other groups. Incompatible with acids and bases. Organometallics are good reducing agents and therefore incompatible with oxidizing agents. Often reactive with water to generate toxic or flammable gases.
[Air & Water Reactions]

Insoluble in water.
[Fire Hazard]

Flash point data for this chemical are not available, but ZINC PYRITHIONE is probably combustible.
Chemical Properties    Back Directory
[Water Solubility ]

Insoluble (<0.1 g/100 mL at 21 ºC)

[Contact allergens]

Zinc pyrithione is widely used in antidandruff shampoos and is a classic allergen. Concomitant reactions are expected to both zinc and sodium pyrithione.

[Uses]

zinc pyrithione is a preservative against bacteria, fungi, and yeast. It is unstable in light and in the presence of oxidizing agents. Zinc pyrithione is useful in gels, creams, heavy lotions, and talcum powder.

[Product description ]

Zinc pyrithione is the pyrithione complexes of zinc bromide, in the early 1930s, was already synthesized and used as a topical antifungal or antibacterial agent. At room temperature it is white to yellow crystalline powder. Slight characteristic odor. Insoluble in water. Solubility: water 15mg/kg; pH = 8 Water 35mg/kg; Ethanol 100mg/kg; polyethylene glycol (PEG400) 2000mg/kg. A pH optimum range of 4.5 to 9.5; mass fraction of 10% suspension pH3.6. Zinc pyrithione react with cationic and non-ionic surfactants forming insoluble precipitate, unstable in the light and oxidizer, when at higher temperatures ,it is not stable to acids and bases . It is not compatible with EDTA, non-ionic surfactants make it partially deactivated. When with the presence of heavy metals, chelation or anti-sequestration will occur, and these chelates are insoluble in water.
EEC and GB7916-87 provide that maximum allowable concentration of mass fraction of zinc pyrithione on cosmetics is 0.5%, only for cleaning after using products.General concentration 250~1000mg/kg (active), zinc pyrithione can be used in gels, creams, lotions, talcum powder and anti-dandruff shampoo, deodorant and also for disinfecting articles.

[Uses]

Shampoo for dandruff,zinc pyrithione can inhibit Gram positive and negative bacteria and mold growth,Care hair Effectively , delay hair aging ,control white hair and hair loss generation. zinc pyrithion is also used as a cosmetic preservative, oil, paint biocide.
Zinc pyrithione has a strong killing power on fungi and bacteria so that it can effectively kill dandruff fungus,playing a role in dandruff .

Zinc pyrithione shampoo  :
Zinc pyrithione shampoo is found in many common anti-dandruff shampoos. It is antifungal, antibacterial, and antimicrobialTrusted Source, meaning it can kill fungus, bacteria, and microorganisms that can contribute to an itchy, flaky scalp.

To use, follow the instructions on the bottle, but generally you should:

Apply to wet scalp.
Work into a lather.
Let it sit on your scalp for a minute.
Rinse thoroughly.

Zinc pyrithione is directly cytotoxic and has antimicrobial effects. Zinc pyrithione is found in many shampoos (DHS-Zinc, Head and Shoulders) and should be applied for 5 minutes daily for 2 weeks.
Zinc pyrithione is the active ingredient in several shampoos used to control dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis and is also effective in the therapy of tinea versicolor. It remains unclear whether the beneficial effects are caused by an antiproliferative or antimicrobial effect or both. It is substantive to the hair, allowing continued therapeutic effect after washing.
zinc pyrithione is a preservative against bacteria, fungi, and yeast. It is unstable in light and in the presence of oxidizing agents. Zinc pyrithione is useful in gels, creams, heavy lotions, and talcum powder.
Reactions may lead to photosensitive eczema and actinic reticuloid syndrome. Zinc pyrithione is used as antifungal, antibacterial and antiseborrheic agent used in many shampoos and hair creams.
Zinc pyrithione is the active ingredient in several shampoos used to control dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis and is also effective in the therapy of tinea versicolor. It remains unclear whether the beneficial effects are caused by an antiproliferative or antimicrobial effect or both. It is substantive to the hair, allowing continued therapeutic effect after washing.

Zinc pyrithione cream
Seborrheic dermatitis often affects the scalp, but it can also cause rough, scaly patches on the skin. Zinc pyrithione cream is used to treat seborrheic dermatitis or psoriasisTrusted Source on the body.

For the treatment of mild seborrheic dermatitis, the National Eczema Foundation suggests daily use of a cleanser that contains 2 percent zinc pyrithione followed by a moisturizer. You can also use the cream daily by applying it in a thin layer to the affected area.

Zinc pyrithione face wash
Zinc pyrithione face wash can help alleviate redness and itching associated with seborrheic dermatitis on the face. It can also help alleviate some of the greasiness associated with eczema and seborrheic dermatitis.

There’s some evidence that using a medicated soap that contains 2 percent zinc pyrithioneTrusted Source may help clear acne.

Potential side effects of zinc pyrithione
Zinc pyrithione is approved for over-the-counter (OTC) dandruff shampoo, but it should only be used topically. It may burn or sting if it gets in the eyes, mouth, or nose.

Other side effects may include burning or redness, and in rare cases, blistering. Talk to a doctor if you’re pregnant or nursing before using zinc pyrithione. If you swallow zinc pyrithione, consult a doctor right away.
Pyrithione zinc vs. selenium sulfide
Selenium sulfide is a topical antifungal treatment that slows the growth of yeast on the scalp or body. It’s available in both prescription and OTC forms.

Like pyrithione zinc, it’s also commonly foundTrusted Source in anti-dandruff shampoos, and the two ingredients can complement each other. Selenium sulfide is known to be a bit stronger and can be irritating if left on the scalp for too long. It’s naturally a light orange color, so shampoos or skin care products containing selenium sulfide are usually a peachy hue.

Pyrithione zinc, which is also known as zinc pyrithione, is a common ingredient in anti-dandruff shampoos, but it can also be effective at treating psoriasis, eczema, and acne. This is because of its antimicrobial, antibacterial, and antifungal properties.

It’s meant for topical use only, and may cause burning or stinging if it comes into contact with your eyes, nose, or mouth.

It should never be ingested. If you’re pregnant, nursing, or thinking of using a product that contains pyrithione zinc on a child, speak with a doctor before doing so.

Zinc pyrithione is the pyrithione complexes of zinc bromide, in the early 1930s, was already synthesized and used as a topical antifungal or antibacterial agent. At room temperature it is white to yellow crystalline powder. Slight characteristic odor. Insoluble in water. Solubility: water 15mg/kg; pH = 8 Water 35mg/kg; Ethanol 100mg/kg; polyethylene glycol (PEG400) 2000mg/kg. A pH optimum range of 4.5 to 9.5; mass fraction of 10% suspension pH3.6. Zinc pyrithione react with cationic and non-ionic surfactants forming insoluble precipitate, unstable in the light and oxidizer, when at higher temperatures ,it is not stable to acids and bases . It is not compatible with EDTA, non-ionic surfactants make it partially deactivated. When with the presence of heavy metals, chelation or anti-sequestration will occur, and these chelates are insoluble in water.
EEC and GB7916-87 provide that maximum allowable concentration of mass fraction of zinc pyrithione on cosmetics is 0.5%, only for cleaning after using products.General concentration 250~1000mg/kg (active), zinc pyrithione can be used in gels, creams, lotions, talcum powder and anti-dandruff shampoo, deodorant and also for disinfecting articles.

Pharmaceutical Applications    Zinc pyrithione is a regulator of keratinization, selenium sulfide has antimicrobial properties and ketoconazole is an antifungal agent (i.e.can provide the reduction of the lipophilic yeast Malassezia furfur).

Efficacy    
Zinc pyrithione shampoos (in concentrations between 1 to 2%) and shampoos with selenium sulide have been reported to be effective in the treatment of scalp psoriasis.However,their efficacy has not been substantiated by controlled studies.There is also some evidence that shampoos with antifungal agents (e.g.ketoconazole)can have a beneficial effect on scalp conditions. It should be noted, however, that the effectiveness of these shampoos is much smaller than these containing tars, corticosteroids or keratolytics.

Photolysis    
Zinc pyrithione is very rapidly transformed by photolysis. Experiments conducted under sterile conditions with a light:dark cycle of 12:12 hours have shown that, under exposure to light, the concentration of [pyridine-2,6-14C]zinc pyrithione in pH 9 buffer was reduced to 33% of the radioactivity added in 15 min. Data from this study also demonstrated that less than 5% of the 14C added occurred as zinc pyrithione after 1 hour of exposure to light. Similar results have been achieved when photolysis of zinc pyrithione was investigated by use of artificial seawater. In this study, the parent compound constituted 45% of the radioactivity added after 15 min while, after 24 hours, 1.3% of the added dose occurred as zinc pyrithione. The estimated half-lives of the photolytic transformation of zinc pyrithione was 13 min in pH 9 buffer and 17.5 min in artificial seawater (Reynolds 1995a).

Toxicity evaluation    The toxicity of the active substance zinc pyrithione has been investigated in standard laboratory tests with a number of aquatic organisms living in fresh water (the green alga Selenastrum capricornutum, the crustacean Daphnia magna, the fish rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)) and in seawater (the crustacean Mysidopsis bahia, the fish sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) and the oyster (Crassostrea virginica)) (Boeri et al. 1993; 1994a-e; Ward et al. 1994a).
The results show that while zinc pyrithione and omadine disulfide were very toxic to aquatic organisms (L(E)C50 in the order of 3-300 µg/L), omadine sulfonic acid and pyridine sulfonic acid were considerably less toxic (L(E)C50 in the order of >20 mg/L) (Olin 1977). In a long-term study with fish eggs and larvae, pyridine sulfonic acid gave no effects at a concentration of 0.01 mg/L (Boeri et al. 1999). Algae were the group of organisms most sensitive to the last two substances.

General Description    :Fine beige granules.
Air & Water Reactions    :Insoluble in water.
Reactivity Profile    :Organometallics, such as Zinc pyrithione, are reactive with many other groups. Incompatible with acids and bases. Organometallics are good reducing agents and therefore incompatible with oxidizing agents. Often reactive with water to generate toxic or flammable gases.
Fire Hazard    :Flash point data for Zinc pyrithione are not available, but Zinc pyrithione is probably combustible.
Contact allergens    :Zinc pyrithione is widely used in antidandruff shampoos and is a classic allergen. Concomitant reactions are expected to both zinc and sodium pyrithione.
Safety Profile    :Poison by ingestion, skin contact, intraperitoneal, and intravenous routes. Moderately toxic by subcutaneous route. An experimental teratogen. Experimental reproductive effects. An eye irritant. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of NOx, SOx, and ZnO. Used as an anti- dandruff agent in shampoos. See also ZINC COMPOUNDS and SULFIDES.

Zinc pyrithione (ZPT) is an antimicrobial material with widespread use in antidandruff shampoos and antifouling paints. Despite decades of commercial use, there is little understanding of its antimicrobial mechanism of action. We used a combination of genome-wide approaches (yeast deletion mutants and microarrays) and traditional methods (gene constructs and atomic emission) to characterize the activity of ZPT against a model yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ZPT acts through an increase in cellular copper levels that leads to loss of activity of iron-sulfur cluster-containing proteins. ZPT was also found to mediate growth inhibition through an increase in copper in the scalp fungus Malassezia globosa. A model is presented in which pyrithione acts as a copper ionophore, enabling copper to enter cells and distribute across intracellular membranes. This is the first report of a metal-ligand complex that inhibits fungal growth by increasing the cellular level of a different metal.

Zinc is a trace mineral and is vital to the human body and all forms of life, having catalytic, structural and regulatory functions. On the other hand, high levels of dietary zinc can cause anemia, decreased levels of copper and iron absorption and reduction of enzyme activities in several tissues. In 2003, the Scientific Committee on Food established a tolerable total uptake level (UL) of Zinc up to 25 mg. 

In the cosmetic industry, Zinc and zinc salts are used in a variety of categories. Cosmetic products might account for maximum 10% of the UL. One of the most widely used zinc salt is Zinc Pyrithione. It is an aromatic zinc compound used as an antidandruff, antiseborrhoeic, hair conditioning agent and preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. In the European Union (EU), Zinc Pyrithione is included in the Annex III of the European Cosmetic Regulation No. 1223/2009, which means its use is subject to the restrictions laid down. According to this Regulation, Zinc Pyrithione is also included in the Annex V (list of preservatives allowed in cosmetic products), and  may be used as a preservative in rinse-off products (excluding oral hygiene products) in a concentration up to 0.5% in general and up to 1.0% in leave-on hair products (Annex V/8). This compound has been used for more than 60 years as an anti-dandruff agent, in concentration up to 1-2%. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) allows the use of Zinc Pyrithione as an active ingredient in Over-The-Counter (OTC) dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis drug products.

The European Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) has issued an opinion (March 2020) regarding the safety of Zinc Pyrithione (ZPT) in cosmetic products. The SCCS concluded that Zinc Pyrithione was “safe when used as an anti-dandruff in rinse-off hair products up to a maximum concentration of 1%”. This opinion updated previous SCCS opinions, that stated that this ingredient was safe up to 2% as an antidandruff agent in rinse-off products. 

In 2018, ECHA’s Risk Assessment Committee (RAC) issued an opinion proposing harmonized classification and labelling at EU level of Zinc Pyrithione as a CMR 1B substance under Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (presumed human carcinogen, mutagen or reproductive toxicant based on animal studies). According to this Regulation, the use of this type of substances shall be prohibited in cosmetic products, unless, by way of exception, specific conditions are fulfilled.  

Zinc Pyrithione was at least a mild skin irritant to human volunteers and it was a severe eye irritant in animal studies. This compound was not a skin sensitizer when tested in guinea pigs and it demonstrated a low potential to induce contact hypersensitivity in humans, when tested alone or in cosmetic formulations. Zinc Pyrithione is neither genotoxic nor mutagenic in vivo and in vitro. It showed no evidence of carcinogenic potential in chronic oral and dermal studies. 
Zinc Pyrithione is an aromatic zinc compound. In the United States, Zinc Pyrithione may be used as an active ingredient in OTC drug products. When used as an active drug ingredient, the established name for Zinc Pyrithione is Pyrithione Zinc.

Zinc pyrithione is an antibacterial and antifungal that is found mainly in anti-dandruff shampoos. It is particularly adapted to fight against Malessezia, a fungus naturally present on the skin, but responsible for dandruff of the scalp.

Zinc pyrithione has a broad antimicrobial spectrum of efficacy against various microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, algae and indirectly against dust mites. The outstanding properties of zinc pyrithione with regard to effectiveness and compatibility are also used in cosmetic products.

Benefits
Outstanding durability and effectiveness
Broad spectrum of efficacy against bacteria, fungi and dust mites
Long-lasting material protection, e.g., against rotting
High wash resistance
Ease of application in the usual application processes
Readily combined with many textile effects, e.g., fluorocarbons
Can be added to a dye bath