1-NITRONAPHTHALENE

1-Nitronaphthalene is a mononitro aromatic compound formed by attaching a nitro group to the 1-position of the naphthalene ring system.
1-Nitronaphthalene serves primarily as an intermediate in the synthesis of dyes, colorant intermediates, rubber chemicals, agrochemical intermediates, and other specialty organic compounds.
1-Nitronaphthalene is generally supplied as a yellow crystalline solid with negligible water solubility and greater compatibility with suitable organic solvents.

CAS Number: 86-57-7
EC Number: 201-684-5
Molecular Formula: C10H7NO2
Molecular Weight: 173.17 g/mol

SYNONYMS

Naphthalene, 1-nitro-, 1-Nitronaphthalene, α-Nitronaphthalene, Alpha-Nitronaphthalene, alpha-Nitronaphthalene, 1-Nitro-naphthalene, Nitro-1-naphthalene, 1-Nitronaphthalin, Nitronaphthalin, Nitronaphthalene, Nitro-Naphthalene, Mononitronaphthalene, 1-Nitronaphtalene, 1-Nitronapthalene, 1-Nitronaftalen, 1-Nitronaftalene, 1-Nitronaphthalen, 1-Nitronaphthalène, 1-Nitronaftalina, 1-Nitronaftaleno, α-Nitronaphthalin, alpha-Nitronaphthalin, α-Nitronaphthalene, Alpha-Nitro-Naphthalene, Naphthalene-1-nitro, Naphthalene 1-Nitro Derivative, 1-Nitro Derivative of Naphthalene, Naphthalene Mononitro Compound, Naphthalene Alpha-Nitro Isomer, Nitrol, Nitrol Pesticide, Nitrol (Pesticide), NCI-C01956, NSC 9584, NSC-9584, NSC9584, HSDB 2887, CCRIS 450, AI3-00477, BRN 1867714, UN 2538, UN2538, EINECS 201-684-5, EC 201-684-5, EC Number 201-684-5, CAS 86-57-7, CAS-86-57-7, CAS Number 86-57-7, PubChem CID 6849, CID 6849, UNII A51NP1DL2T, UNII-A51NP1DL2T, A51NP1DL2T, MFCD00003958, CHEBI 50846, ChEBI 50846, CHEBI:50846, DTXSID3021802, DTXCID301802, RJKGJBPXVHTNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N, InChIKey RJKGJBPXVHTNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N, C10H7NO2, 1-Nitronaphthalene C10H7NO2, 1-Nitronaphthalene 86-57-7, Naphthalene, 1-nitro- 86-57-7, Alpha-Nitronaphthalene 86-57-7, α-Nitronaphthalene 86-57-7, Nitrol 86-57-7, 1-Nitronaphthalene Intermediate, 1-Nitronaphthalene Standard, 1-Nitronaphthalene Reference Material

APPLICATIONS

1-Nitronaphthalene serves as an aromatic intermediate in the manufacture of dyes and dye intermediates based on the naphthalene structure.
1-Nitronaphthalene provides a nitro-functionalized fused-ring framework that can be converted into more reactive amino and substituted naphthalene derivatives.

1-Nitronaphthalene functions as a precursor for 1-naphthylamine through controlled reduction of the nitro group.
1-Nitronaphthalene supports the production of amino intermediates used in colorant, rubber-chemical, and specialty organic synthesis.

1-Nitronaphthalene contributes to azo-dye synthesis after conversion into suitable amino, diazonium, or coupling intermediates.
1-Nitronaphthalene enables manufacturers to produce color-forming molecules with tailored shade, solubility, and substrate affinity.

1-Nitronaphthalene facilitates the preparation of naphthalene-based colorants for textile, leather, paper, ink, and coating applications.
1-Nitronaphthalene provides a rigid aromatic nucleus that supports extended conjugation after suitable downstream modification.

1-Nitronaphthalene supports the manufacture of disperse-dye intermediates intended for hydrophobic synthetic fibers.
1-Nitronaphthalene allows molecular polarity and color behavior to be adjusted through reduction, substitution, and coupling reactions.

1-Nitronaphthalene enhances the synthesis of solvent-dye intermediates for plastics, waxes, hydrocarbon products, coatings, and printing systems.
1-Nitronaphthalene contributes a compact aromatic structure that can be modified to improve compatibility with nonaqueous media.

1-Nitronaphthalene finds application in pigment-intermediate chemistry where chemically stable fused-ring structures are required.
1-Nitronaphthalene enables further functionalization that can increase molecular conjugation, color strength, and thermal performance.

1-Nitronaphthalene promotes the preparation of specialty colorants through reduction of the nitro group followed by diazotization and coupling.
1-Nitronaphthalene gives synthetic chemists access to a broad range of naphthalene-derived chromophores.

1-Nitronaphthalene supports the manufacture of rubber chemicals through conversion into suitable amino or substituted aromatic intermediates.
1-Nitronaphthalene provides a starting structure for compounds designed to influence processing, stabilization, or vulcanization-related performance.

1-Nitronaphthalene contributes to antioxidant-intermediate and antidegradant research involving substituted naphthalene structures.
1-Nitronaphthalene allows the nitro group to be transformed into amino functionality for subsequent derivatization.

1-Nitronaphthalene facilitates the preparation of organic intermediates used in selected rubber-processing formulations.
1-Nitronaphthalene supports multistage synthesis routes requiring a fused aromatic framework with a transformable nitrogen-containing group.

1-Nitronaphthalene serves as an intermediate in selected agrochemical synthesis routes.
1-Nitronaphthalene enables the preparation of substituted naphthalene compounds that may undergo further conversion into pesticide intermediates.

1-Nitronaphthalene supports insecticide-intermediate research when a nitro- or amino-substituted naphthalene framework is required.
1-Nitronaphthalene provides several aromatic positions for introducing additional functional groups under controlled reaction conditions.

1-Nitronaphthalene contributes to fungicide and herbicide intermediate development through suitable reduction, halogenation, oxidation, or coupling reactions.
1-Nitronaphthalene allows molecular structure to be tailored according to the requirements of the targeted downstream compound.

1-Nitronaphthalene finds application in pharmaceutical-intermediate research involving naphthalene-derived molecular scaffolds.
1-Nitronaphthalene offers a defined starting material for preparing amino, amide, heterocyclic, and other functional derivatives.

1-Nitronaphthalene supports medicinal-chemistry studies examining the influence of fused aromatic structures on molecular properties.
1-Nitronaphthalene enables systematic modification of substitution patterns during early-stage compound development.

1-Nitronaphthalene functions as an intermediate in the synthesis of selected fragrance and perfume chemicals.
1-Nitronaphthalene provides access to substituted naphthalene derivatives with modified odor, volatility, and formulation compatibility.

1-Nitronaphthalene contributes to specialty aroma-chemical research after conversion into suitable oxygenated or nitrogen-containing derivatives.
1-Nitronaphthalene supports multistep routes in which the original nitro functionality serves as a temporary or transformable group.

1-Nitronaphthalene facilitates the preparation of tanning-agent intermediates used in leather-processing chemistry.
1-Nitronaphthalene provides an aromatic starting point for compounds requiring controlled interaction with leather-treatment systems.

1-Nitronaphthalene supports fine-chemical manufacture through reactions involving reduction, oxidation, halogenation, sulfonation, and nucleophilic substitution.
1-Nitronaphthalene enables different downstream products to be obtained from one well-defined aromatic intermediate.

1-Nitronaphthalene serves as a precursor for substituted aminonaphthalenes after catalytic, metal-mediated, or other controlled reduction.
1-Nitronaphthalene allows amino functionality to be introduced without constructing the fused aromatic ring system during later synthesis stages.

1-Nitronaphthalene promotes the development of sulfonated naphthalene intermediates used in dye and specialty-chemical processes.
1-Nitronaphthalene supports the introduction of water-compatible groups while retaining the fused aromatic framework.

1-Nitronaphthalene contributes to halogenated aromatic intermediate synthesis under appropriately controlled substitution conditions.
1-Nitronaphthalene enables halogen substituents to provide additional reaction sites for coupling or displacement processes.

1-Nitronaphthalene functions as a model substrate in aromatic-reduction research.
1-Nitronaphthalene allows catalyst efficiency, selectivity, hydrogen consumption, and by-product formation to be compared across different systems.

1-Nitronaphthalene supports studies of nitro-group reduction to amine, hydroxylamine, azo, azoxy, and hydrazo products.
1-Nitronaphthalene provides a well-defined fused-ring substrate for evaluating reaction pathways and intermediate formation.

1-Nitronaphthalene facilitates research into electrophilic substitution within nitro-substituted polycyclic aromatic compounds.
1-Nitronaphthalene enables the directing and deactivating effects of the nitro group to be examined across the naphthalene ring system.

1-Nitronaphthalene contributes to photochemical studies involving nitroaromatic compounds.
1-Nitronaphthalene allows researchers to evaluate light-induced transformation, radical formation, and interactions with atmospheric oxidants.

1-Nitronaphthalene serves as a fluorescence quencher in selected mineral-oil and hydrocarbon studies.
1-Nitronaphthalene can reduce fluorescence intensity through interactions with excited aromatic species under suitable analytical conditions.

1-Nitronaphthalene supports fluorescence-quenching research involving oils, fuels, aromatic solvents, and model hydrocarbon mixtures.
1-Nitronaphthalene enables laboratories to examine concentration-dependent quenching and molecular interaction mechanisms.

1-Nitronaphthalene functions as an analytical reference material in environmental testing for nitro-polycyclic aromatic compounds.
1-Nitronaphthalene provides a defined standard for method development, calibration, compound identification, and quantitative measurement.

1-Nitronaphthalene contributes to gas-chromatographic procedures used to separate nitroaromatic compounds from complex mixtures.
1-Nitronaphthalene supplies a characteristic retention profile that supports reliable analytical comparison.

1-Nitronaphthalene facilitates liquid-chromatographic method development for industrial, environmental, and research samples.
1-Nitronaphthalene allows extraction, separation, detection, and recovery conditions to be optimized for a hydrophobic nitroaromatic compound.

1-Nitronaphthalene supports mass-spectrometric identification through characteristic molecular and fragmentation behavior.
1-Nitronaphthalene enables analysts to distinguish the 1-isomer from related nitronaphthalene compounds using validated techniques.

1-Nitronaphthalene provides a reference substance for infrared, ultraviolet-visible, Raman, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
1-Nitronaphthalene helps laboratories assign signals associated with the nitro group and fused aromatic ring structure.

1-Nitronaphthalene finds application in combustion and diesel-emission research as a representative nitrated polycyclic aromatic compound.
1-Nitronaphthalene allows researchers to investigate the formation, transport, and transformation of nitroaromatic pollutants in combustion-derived samples.

1-Nitronaphthalene supports atmospheric-chemistry studies involving reactions with ozone, hydroxyl radicals, and other reactive species.
1-Nitronaphthalene enables transformation products and degradation rates to be examined under controlled environmental conditions.

1-Nitronaphthalene contributes to air-monitoring method development for urban, occupational, and combustion-affected environments.
1-Nitronaphthalene provides a calibration reference for detecting low concentrations in gases, particles, soot, and deposited material.

1-Nitronaphthalene facilitates environmental-fate studies examining sorption, volatilization, photolysis, biodegradation, and chemical transformation.
1-Nitronaphthalene allows researchers to evaluate how a hydrophobic nitroaromatic compound behaves in water, soil, sediment, and air.

1-Nitronaphthalene supports extraction-recovery studies involving particulate matter, carbon black, diesel exhaust, and contaminated environmental matrices.
1-Nitronaphthalene enables analytical performance to be assessed across complex samples containing many related aromatic compounds.

1-Nitronaphthalene functions as a model compound in toxicological and biochemical research involving nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
1-Nitronaphthalene provides a defined substrate for examining metabolism, reactive intermediate formation, protein interaction, and biological response.

1-Nitronaphthalene contributes to studies comparing the behavior of 1-nitronaphthalene and 2-nitronaphthalene.
1-Nitronaphthalene allows positional-isomer effects on reactivity, metabolism, spectroscopy, and environmental transformation to be evaluated.

1-Nitronaphthalene enables crystallographic and solid-state research involving nitro-substituted fused aromatic compounds.
1-Nitronaphthalene provides a useful structure for investigating molecular planarity, nitro-group orientation, packing, and intermolecular forces.

1-Nitronaphthalene supports thermal-analysis studies focused on melting, crystallization, sublimation, and decomposition behavior.
1-Nitronaphthalene allows purity and phase-transition characteristics to be assessed by suitable analytical techniques.

1-Nitronaphthalene offers a versatile intermediate for custom organic synthesis requiring a naphthalene framework and transformable nitro group.
1-Nitronaphthalene helps manufacturers and researchers prepare higher-value derivatives through controlled multistage reactions.

DESCRIPTION

1-Nitronaphthalene is an aromatic nitro compound generally encountered as a yellow to yellow-brown crystalline solid.
1-Nitronaphthalene may be supplied as crystals, flakes, granules, or powder depending on crystallization, milling, and finishing conditions.

Structurally, 1-Nitronaphthalene consists of two fused benzene rings carrying one nitro group at the 1-position.
1-Nitronaphthalene is therefore classified as the alpha isomer of mononitronaphthalene.

Chemically, 1-Nitronaphthalene has the molecular formula C10H7NO2 and a molecular weight of approximately 173.17 g/mol.
1-Nitronaphthalene contains a conjugated naphthalene system together with a strongly electron-withdrawing nitro group.

The 1-position of 1-Nitronaphthalene lies next to the ring-fusion region of the naphthalene framework.
1-Nitronaphthalene consequently differs in geometry and reactivity from 2-Nitronaphthalene, although both compounds share the same molecular formula.

Because the nitro group withdraws electron density, 1-Nitronaphthalene is less reactive toward many electrophilic substitutions than unsubstituted naphthalene.
1-Nitronaphthalene nevertheless undergoes controlled reduction and further ring substitution under appropriately selected conditions.

1-Nitronaphthalene is commonly manufactured by nitration of finely divided naphthalene with nitric acid in the presence of sulfuric acid.
1-Nitronaphthalene forms as the major mononitration product under many conventional mixed-acid nitration conditions.

During nitration, temperature, acid concentration, mixing, feed rate, and reaction time influence conversion and isomer distribution.
1-Nitronaphthalene production must therefore be carefully controlled to reduce excessive nitration, oxidation, and formation of unwanted by-products.

The crude nitration mixture may contain 1-Nitronaphthalene, 2-Nitronaphthalene, unreacted naphthalene, dinitro compounds, and acidic residues.
1-Nitronaphthalene is separated and purified through neutralization, washing, crystallization, filtration, solvent treatment, or related refining operations.

1-Nitronaphthalene purity depends on the quality of the starting naphthalene and the selectivity of the nitration process.
1-Nitronaphthalene appearance can also be affected by residual isomers, oxidation products, moisture, and trace inorganic contaminants.

In its commercial form, 1-Nitronaphthalene is primarily supplied as an industrial or laboratory intermediate.
1-Nitronaphthalene grades may differ in purity, melting behavior, particle size, moisture, color, and residual 2-Nitronaphthalene content.

1-Nitronaphthalene functions mainly as a precursor rather than as a finished formulation ingredient.
1-Nitronaphthalene gains broader utility when the nitro group or aromatic rings are transformed into more reactive functional derivatives.

Reduction is one of the most important chemical transformations of 1-Nitronaphthalene.
1-Nitronaphthalene can be converted into 1-Naphthylamine using catalytic hydrogenation or suitable chemical reducing systems.

Partial reduction of 1-Nitronaphthalene may produce nitroso or hydroxylamine intermediates under controlled conditions.
1-Nitronaphthalene can also form azo, azoxy, or hydrazo compounds when reaction conditions permit coupling between partially reduced species.

The amino derivative obtained from 1-Nitronaphthalene can undergo diazotization.
1-Nitronaphthalene thereby provides indirect access to azo colorants, substituted naphthalenes, and numerous fine-chemical intermediates.

Sulfonation can introduce sulfonic acid groups into the 1-Nitronaphthalene ring system.
1-Nitronaphthalene sulfonic derivatives provide increased water compatibility and additional positions for downstream chemical conversion.

Halogenation may produce chloro-, bromo-, or other halogen-substituted derivatives of 1-Nitronaphthalene.
1-Nitronaphthalene halogen derivatives can support further substitution, coupling, or reduction reactions.

Strong oxidation can alter or cleave the aromatic framework of 1-Nitronaphthalene.
1-Nitronaphthalene should therefore be protected from uncontrolled contact with powerful oxidizing agents during storage and processing.

Owing to the hydrophobic fused aromatic structure, 1-Nitronaphthalene is practically insoluble in water.
1-Nitronaphthalene consequently tends to associate with organic phases, solids, sediments, and carbon-rich materials rather than remaining freely dissolved.

1-Nitronaphthalene dissolves more readily in suitable organic solvents than in water.
1-Nitronaphthalene compatibility varies among aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated solvents, ethers, ketones, alcohols, and other organic media.

Elevated temperature generally improves the dissolution rate of 1-Nitronaphthalene in compatible solvents.
1-Nitronaphthalene can therefore be purified by hot dissolution followed by controlled cooling and crystallization.

1-Nitronaphthalene has a reported melting point in the approximate range of 56–62 °C depending on purity and measurement conditions.
1-Nitronaphthalene may soften or melt during moderately heated processing and storage operations.

The relatively low melting range of 1-Nitronaphthalene distinguishes 1-Nitronaphthalene from many higher-melting fused aromatic intermediates.
1-Nitronaphthalene may consequently require temperature control to prevent caking, fusion, or unwanted phase changes.

1-Nitronaphthalene has low volatility at ordinary temperature compared with common low-boiling solvents.
1-Nitronaphthalene can nevertheless generate vapors or sublimed material when heated.

Finely divided 1-Nitronaphthalene can form combustible dust in air.
1-Nitronaphthalene should therefore be handled with procedures that minimize dust clouds, friction, sparks, flames, and electrostatic ignition sources.

1-Nitronaphthalene is described as readily ignitable and may be difficult to extinguish after ignition.
1-Nitronaphthalene fires can generate toxic nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, smoke, and irritating decomposition products.

Under normal recommended storage conditions, 1-Nitronaphthalene remains stable in tightly closed containers.
1-Nitronaphthalene should be stored away from heat, ignition sources, strong reducing agents, strong oxidizers, and incompatible reactive materials.

The nitro group gives 1-Nitronaphthalene greater polarity than unsubstituted naphthalene.
1-Nitronaphthalene nevertheless remains predominantly hydrophobic because the fused aromatic framework accounts for most of the molecular surface.

The nitro group also influences the ultraviolet and visible absorption behavior of 1-Nitronaphthalene.
1-Nitronaphthalene can therefore participate in photochemical and fluorescence-quenching interactions with excited aromatic molecules.

1-Nitronaphthalene fluorescence-quenching behavior has supported specialized use in mineral-oil analysis and research.
1-Nitronaphthalene performance in such systems depends on concentration, oil composition, temperature, and the fluorescent species present.

During atmospheric processing, 1-Nitronaphthalene may react with ozone and other reactive species.
1-Nitronaphthalene transformation can produce electrophilic or oxygenated products with properties different from the parent compound.

1-Nitronaphthalene has been identified in combustion-related emissions and urban air samples.
1-Nitronaphthalene may occur in diesel exhaust, soot, particulate matter, and certain carbon-black materials at low concentrations.

Environmental distribution of 1-Nitronaphthalene is influenced by low water solubility and affinity for organic matter.
1-Nitronaphthalene may sorb to soil, sediment, airborne particles, and carbonaceous surfaces after release.

Photolysis, atmospheric oxidation, microbial transformation, and chemical degradation can alter 1-Nitronaphthalene over time.
1-Nitronaphthalene persistence depends on light, oxygen, temperature, microbial activity, matrix composition, and environmental conditions.

Analytical detection of 1-Nitronaphthalene commonly employs gas chromatography or liquid chromatography with suitable detectors.
1-Nitronaphthalene identity can be confirmed by mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet analysis, or nuclear magnetic resonance.

1-Nitronaphthalene produces characteristic mass-spectral fragmentation associated with the nitro-substituted naphthalene skeleton.
1-Nitronaphthalene can be distinguished from positional isomers by combining retention behavior with validated spectral data.

Infrared analysis of 1-Nitronaphthalene shows strong absorptions associated with asymmetric and symmetric nitro-group vibrations.
1-Nitronaphthalene also exhibits bands corresponding to aromatic carbon–hydrogen bonds and the fused-ring structure.

Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis reflects the nonequivalent aromatic hydrogen environments of 1-Nitronaphthalene.
1-Nitronaphthalene substitution at the 1-position creates a characteristic pattern that supports structural confirmation.

Particle size influences the handling, dust formation, melting rate, dissolution rate, and reaction performance of 1-Nitronaphthalene.
1-Nitronaphthalene supplied as fine powder generally requires more extensive dust-control measures than coarse crystals or granules.

During reduction, efficient contact between 1-Nitronaphthalene and the catalyst or reducing phase is important for complete conversion.
1-Nitronaphthalene reaction performance depends on purity, particle size, solvent selection, temperature, pressure, and mixing.

Compared with naphthalene, 1-Nitronaphthalene has greater molecular weight, polarity, and chemical functionality.
1-Nitronaphthalene also provides a direct route to nitrogen-containing derivatives that cannot be obtained from naphthalene without additional functionalization.

Compared with 2-Nitronaphthalene, 1-Nitronaphthalene differs in melting behavior, crystal packing, substitution pattern, and downstream reactivity.
1-Nitronaphthalene specifications should therefore distinguish clearly between the two positional isomers.

Another important feature of 1-Nitronaphthalene is the combination of a stable aromatic framework with a readily transformable nitro group.
1-Nitronaphthalene consequently supports a broad range of reduction, coupling, substitution, analytical, and research processes.

As a result, 1-Nitronaphthalene remains a useful intermediate for dyes, rubber chemicals, agrochemical precursors, fragrance intermediates, analytical standards, and specialty organic synthesis.
1-Nitronaphthalene also provides a representative nitroaromatic compound for environmental, combustion, photochemical, and toxicological research.

PROPERTIES

Appearance: Yellow to yellow-brown crystalline solid
Odor: Mild characteristic aromatic odor
Molecular Formula: C10H7NO2
Molecular Weight: 173.17 g/mol
Melting Point: Approximately 56–62 °C
Boiling Point: Approximately 304 °C
Density: Greater than water
Solubility in Water: Practically insoluble
Solubility in Organic Solvents: Soluble in various suitable organic solvents
Physical Form: Crystals, flakes, granules, or powder
Stability: Stable under normal recommended storage conditions

FIRST AID

Inhalation: Move the exposed person to fresh air immediately and keep the person at rest. Obtain prompt medical attention if headache, dizziness, weakness, breathing difficulty, bluish discoloration, or other symptoms develop.

Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing and wash the affected skin thoroughly with soap and water. Obtain medical attention because 1-Nitronaphthalene may be absorbed through the skin and delayed systemic effects may occur.

Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with clean water for at least several minutes. Remove contact lenses when present and easy to do, continue rinsing, and obtain medical attention if irritation or visual discomfort persists.

Ingestion: Rinse the mouth with water and obtain immediate medical attention. Do not induce vomiting unless specifically instructed by qualified medical personnel.

Note to Physicians: Monitor for delayed signs of methemoglobinemia and provide symptomatic and supportive treatment according to clinical findings. Medical personnel should consult the applicable safety data sheet and poison-treatment guidance for the supplied grade.

HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling: Avoid breathing 1-Nitronaphthalene dust, vapor, or heated fumes and prevent contact with the skin, eyes, and clothing. Use suitable protective equipment and minimize dust formation.

Ventilation: Provide effective general ventilation and local exhaust ventilation where 1-Nitronaphthalene dust or vapor may be generated.

Storage: Store 1-Nitronaphthalene in a tightly closed container in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from heat, flames, sparks, strong oxidizers, and incompatible materials.

Spill and Leak Procedures: Eliminate ignition sources, avoid dispersing 1-Nitronaphthalene dust, and collect spilled material carefully with suitable non-sparking equipment. Transfer 1-Nitronaphthalene into a properly labeled container for recovery or disposal.

Handling Precautions: Wash thoroughly after handling 1-Nitronaphthalene and remove contaminated clothing promptly. Prevent 1-Nitronaphthalene from entering drains, soil, surface water, and uncontrolled waste systems.