1-TETRADECENE

1-Tetradecene is a colorless to pale yellow, watery, highly flammable liquid terminal alkene and long-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon with molecular formula C₁₄H₂₈, molecular weight 196.37 g/mol, CAS number 1120-36-1, EC number 214-306-9, melting point −13 to −11°C, boiling point 251°C (484°F) at 760 mmHg, density 0.771–0.775 g/mL at 25°C, flash point 110°C, mild pleasant characteristic hydrocarbon odour, and the distinctive property of floating on water due to its lower density; naturally occurring in trace amounts in organisms including Pseudoceratina purpurea and Aspergillus ustus, it is predominantly produced synthetically via ethylene oligomerization or tetradecane dehydrogenation.
1-Tetradecene is one of the most commercially important C14 alpha-olefins, used as a comonomer in linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and other polyolefin production to introduce short-chain branching and control physical properties, as a key intermediate in the synthesis of linear plasticizers, oxo-alcohols, fatty alcohols, biodegradable surfactants, lubricants, automotive additives, motor fuels, and alkylbenzenes for detergent manufacturing, and as a monomer for high molecular weight poly(1-tetradecene) synthesis via titanium complex catalysis.
1-Tetradecene is classified under GHS with Signal Word Danger (H304 may be fatal if swallowed and enters airways — aspiration hazard); H315 causes skin irritation is additionally reported in 15.65% of ECHA C&L notifications; oral LD50 in rats exceeds 5,600 mg/kg (OECD TG 420), dermal LD50 in rabbits exceeds 10,000 mg/kg, it is not classified as carcinogenic by IARC, EPA, or ECHA, and is readily biodegradable (67–98% BOD in 28 days, OECD TG 301C).

CAS Number: 1120-36-1
EC Number: 214-306-9
Molecular Formula: C₁₄H₂₈
Molecular Weight: 196.37 g/mol

Synonyms: Tetradec-1-ene, Tetradecene, n-Tetradec-1-ene, α-Tetradecene, alpha-Tetradecene, 1-Tetradecylene, Tetradecene-1, Neodene 14, dodecylethylene, 1-butadecene, CCRIS 3785, HSDB 1087, NSC 66434, AI3-10509, LMFA11000329, CHEMBL1892257, DTXSID4027367, CHEBI:77505, UNII FW23481S7S, T0087, CAS 1120-36-1

Containing fourteen carbon atoms and one terminal double bond, 1-Tetradecene belongs to the linear alpha-olefin family.
The molecular formula C₁₄H₂₈ gives 1-Tetradecene a molecular weight of approximately 196.37 g/mol.

At room temperature, 1-Tetradecene appears as a clear, colourless, mobile liquid.
A melting point near −12°C allows 1-Tetradecene to remain liquid under most normal handling conditions.

With a density of approximately 0.775 g/mL, 1-Tetradecene remains lighter than water.
Only extremely limited dissolution occurs when 1-Tetradecene comes into contact with water.

The long hydrocarbon chain gives 1-Tetradecene strongly hydrophobic and oil-soluble characteristics.
A low vapour pressure makes 1-Tetradecene less volatile than shorter-chain alpha olefins.

Industrial production of 1-Tetradecene commonly uses modified Ziegler ethylene chain-growth technology.
Ethylene oligomerisation provides the linear carbon chain and terminal double bond found in 1-Tetradecene.

Located at the first carbon atom, the double bond gives 1-Tetradecene its alpha-olefin classification.
The accessible terminal double bond allows 1-Tetradecene to undergo addition, oxidation, and polymerisation reactions.

Hydroformylation converts 1-Tetradecene into longer-chain aldehydes that can subsequently produce oxo alcohols.
Controlled oxidation can transform 1-Tetradecene into 2-tetradecanone and other oxygenated intermediates.

Epoxidation of the terminal double bond produces epoxide derivatives from 1-Tetradecene.
Hydrogenation converts 1-Tetradecene into the corresponding saturated hydrocarbon, tetradecane.

Sulfonation processes use 1-Tetradecene as a raw material for alpha-olefin sulfonate surfactants.
Detergent formulations benefit from surfactant intermediates prepared from 1-Tetradecene.

Amination routes can transform 1-Tetradecene into long-chain amines and amine oxides.
Mercaptans and other sulfur-containing derivatives can also be produced from 1-Tetradecene.

Alkylation of aromatic compounds with 1-Tetradecene produces long-chain alkylated aromatic intermediates.
Synthetic fatty acids and detergent alcohols represent additional product families derived from 1-Tetradecene.

Oligomerisation of 1-Tetradecene contributes to the production of synthetic lubricant components.
The long alkyl chain helps derivatives of 1-Tetradecene provide lubricity and hydrophobic performance.

Metalworking fluids may incorporate 1-Tetradecene or derivatives prepared from 1-Tetradecene.
Oil and gas operations can use 1-Tetradecene as a component or intermediate in drilling and production fluids.

Leather-processing formulations use derivatives of 1-Tetradecene in the preparation of tanning and fatliquoring oils.
By improving water resistance and lubrication, products derived from 1-Tetradecene support flexible leather finishes.

Catalytic polymerisation converts 1-Tetradecene into poly(1-tetradecene).
Research on 1-Tetradecene has produced high and ultrahigh molecular weight polymers with controlled molecular-weight distributions.

Organic synthesis uses 1-Tetradecene as a starting material for functionalised long-chain molecules.
Palladium- and chromium-catalysed oxidation provides one route for converting 1-Tetradecene into 2-tetradecanone.

Johnson–Claisen chemistry can employ a derivative prepared from 1-Tetradecene in the synthesis of complex organic intermediates.
The predictable terminal reactivity of 1-Tetradecene makes the molecule useful in fine-chemical research.

Storage under nitrogen helps protect 1-Tetradecene from unwanted reactions with atmospheric oxygen.
Antioxidants may be added to 1-Tetradecene during storage to limit oxidative degradation.

In the environment, 1-Tetradecene can undergo aerobic biodegradation in soil and water.

Uses of 1-Tetradecene:
1-Tetradecene is widely used as a comonomer in the production of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and other polyolefin copolymers, where incorporation of C14 alpha-olefin units introduces short-chain branching that improves film toughness, tear resistance, optical clarity, and processability relative to homopolymer polyethylene.
1-Tetradecene is used as an intermediate in the production of linear plasticizers (C14 oxo-alcohols via hydroformylation), fatty alcohols, biodegradable surfactants, and alkylbenzenes, which serve as raw materials in the manufacture of detergents, personal care products, and industrial cleaning formulations.
1-Tetradecene functions as a key building block in the synthesis of lubricant base stocks (synthetic hydrocarbon oils), automotive additives, and motor fuel blending components through oligomerization and hydroisomerization reactions, contributing to improved viscosity index and pour point characteristics.
1-Tetradecene is used as a reactant in organic synthesis for the preparation of 2-tetradecanone via PdCl₂/CrO₃ catalysed oxidation, and of (E)-ethyl pentadec-2-enoate via Johnson-Claisen rearrangement — a key intermediate in the diastereoselective synthesis of (+)-nephrosterinic acid and (+)-protolichesterinic acid.
1-Tetradecene is used as a monomer unit for the synthesis of high molecular weight poly(1-tetradecene) by titanium complex catalysed polymerisation, and as an analytical standard and reference material for GC quantification of C14 alpha-olefins in industrial process streams and environmental matrices.
1-Tetradecene is used as a biochemical for proteomics research and as a substrate in studies of microbial hydrocarbon metabolism, and has been identified as a naturally occurring compound in marine organisms and fungi including Pseudoceratina purpurea and Aspergillus ustus.
1-Tetradecene is used in the production of epoxides, aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids via epoxidation, wacker oxidation, and ozonolysis reactions, and as a substrate in metathesis reactions for the production of internal and terminal olefin mixtures.

Benefits and Advantages of 1-Tetradecene:
The terminal vinyl group (CH₂=CH−) of 1-tetradecene provides high reactivity in insertion polymerisation, hydroformylation, epoxidation, and metathesis reactions under mild conditions, while the C14 linear chain imparts balanced hydrophobicity (XLogP3 7.9) for surfactant and lubricant applications.
1-Tetradecene is readily biodegradable (67–98% in 28 days, OECD TG 301C) — a significant advantage over many petroleum-derived chemical intermediates — and the surfactants and fatty alcohols derived from it are among the most environmentally acceptable in their class.
The low oral LD50 (>5,600 mg/kg rat) and dermal LD50 (>10,000 mg/kg rabbit), absence of skin or eye irritation in animal models (OECD TG 404/405), negative Ames test and micronucleus test results, and non-classification by IARC, EPA, and ECHA as carcinogenic collectively confirm a favourable acute and chronic safety profile for an industrial alkene.
1-Tetradecene is commercially available at ≥97.0% purity (GC) as analytical standard, ≥90% as technical grade, and in industrial quantities from major alpha-olefin producers, ensuring reliable supply, consistent quality, and competitive pricing for polyolefin, surfactant, and lubricant manufacturers worldwide.

Features of 1-Tetradecene:
1-Tetradecene is a colorless to pale yellow watery liquid at room temperature with a mild, pleasant characteristic hydrocarbon odour; it is immiscible with water (floats on water), fully miscible with ethanol, ether, benzene, and chloroform, density 0.771–0.775 g/mL at 25°C, viscosity 2.72 mm²/s at 20°C (ASTM D445), and refractive index approximately 1.439.
The melting point is −13 to −11°C (lit.; also reported as −12.3°C / 8.8°F), boiling point 251°C at 760 mmHg (484°F), flash point 110°C (closed cup), autoignition temperature 235°C at 1.013 hPa, explosive limits 0.5–5.4% v/v, vapour pressure 0.016 hPa (25°C), and vapour density 6.78 (air = 1.0).
The molecular structure is an unbranched 14-carbon chain with a terminal double bond between C-1 and C-2 (α-olefin); SMILES CCCCCCCCCCCCC=C (or CCCCCC/C=C/CCCCCC for the trans isomer); XLogP3 7.9; TPSA 0 Ų; rotatable bonds 11; heavy atom count 14; molecular complexity 105; no hydrogen bond donors or acceptors.
Initial threshold screening level (ITSL) for 1-tetradecene is 29 μg/m³ (annual average); aquatic toxicity LC50 (rainbow trout, 96h) 5.6 mg/L; EC50 (Daphnia magna, 48h) 0.56–1.0 mg/L; ErC50 (algae, 72h) 1.0–1.8 mg/L; this compound is not classified as PBT or vPvB.

Chemical Properties of 1-Tetradecene:
1-Tetradecene has IUPAC name tetradec-1-ene, SMILES CCCCCCCCCCCCC=C, InChI=1S/C14H28/c1-3-5-7-9-11-13-14-12-10-8-6-4-2/h3H,1,4-14H2,2H3, InChIKey HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N (racemate/terminal); PubChem CID 14260, ChemSpider ID 13538, ChEBI CHEBI:77505, ChEMBL CHEMBL1892257, CompTox DTXSID4027367, UNII FW23481S7S, Reaxys Registry Number 1701156, PubChem Substance ID 87576100, MDL MFCD00008981, SDBS (AIST) 4883, ATC code not applicable.
The terminal double bond of 1-tetradecene undergoes addition reactions with hydrogen (hydrogenation to tetradecane), hydrogen halides (Markovnikov), halogens, water (Wacker oxidation to 2-tetradecanone), hydroformylation with CO/H₂ to give pentadecanal and 2-methyltetradecanal, and epoxidation with peracids or metalloporphyrin catalysts to give 1,2-epoxytetradecane; Ziegler–Natta and metallocene catalysts insert 1-tetradecene into polyethylene chains as a comonomer.
1-Tetradecene participates in ring-closing metathesis (RCM), cross-metathesis (CM), and acyclic diene metathesis polymerisation (ADMET) reactions with Grubbs-type ruthenium catalysts; it undergoes Johnson-Claisen rearrangement of the corresponding allyl alcohol derivative to give (E)-α,β-unsaturated esters; repeated dose oral NOAEL in rats is 1,000 mg/kg.
1-Tetradecene is stable under recommended storage conditions (sealed, inert atmosphere, below 40°C); incompatible with strong oxidising agents (nitric acid, peroxides, halogens); prolonged exposure to light or air may lead to peroxide formation; not considered carcinogenic, mutagenic (Ames test: S. typhimurium negative), or reproductively toxic.

Production of 1-Tetradecene:
1-Tetradecene is produced industrially at large scale primarily by the Shell Higher Olefin Process (SHOP), in which ethylene is oligomerised over a nickel–phosphine catalyst at 80–120°C and 70–140 bar to give a broad distribution of linear alpha-olefins (LAO), followed by isomerisation-metathesis and fractionation to enrich the C14 fraction.
Alternative industrial routes include chromium-catalysed ethylene trimerisation/tetramerisation (Chevron Phillips), Ziegler-type oligomerisation of ethylene (INEOS, Sasol), and catalytic dehydrogenation of n-tetradecane over platinum-alumina catalysts; the C14 alpha-olefin fraction is isolated by vacuum distillation after oligomerisation.
1-Tetradecene is commercially available at ≥97.0% purity (GC) as analytical standard (T0087; Reaxys 1701156), at ≥90% (GC) as general industrial grade, and at technical grade (92% GC); storage is recommended at room temperature in a cool dark place below 15°C, under inert atmosphere, in tightly sealed containers.

1-Tetradecene Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS):

Handling of 1-Tetradecene:
1-Tetradecene must be handled with appropriate precautions due to its aspiration hazard (H304 — may be fatal if swallowed and enters airways); do not induce vomiting if swallowed, and seek immediate medical attention; avoid contact with skin and eyes, avoid inhalation of vapour or mist, and handle in areas with adequate ventilation.
Store under inert gas (air sensitive); containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage; do not let product enter drains; handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice and wash hands before breaks and at end of workday.

1-Tetradecene SDS:

Stability and Reactivity of 1-Tetradecene:

Chemical stability:
1-Tetradecene is stable under recommended storage conditions in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place in tightly sealed containers under inert atmosphere.
Prolonged exposure to light or air may lead to peroxide formation; periodic testing is required when stored for extended durations.

Reactivity:
1-Tetradecene undergoes addition reactions with oxidising agents, halogens, hydrogen halides, and other electrophilic reagents at the terminal double bond.
Under fire conditions it decomposes to carbon oxides (CO, CO₂).

Conditions to avoid:
Strong oxidising agents (nitric acid, peroxides, halogens).
Prolonged exposure to air and light (peroxide formation).
Ignition sources (flash point 110°C).
Contact with drains and water courses.

Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidising agents.
Halogens and interhalogen compounds.
Peroxide-forming conditions (air, UV light, prolonged storage).

Hazardous decomposition products:
Carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) under fire conditions.

Handling and Storage of 1-Tetradecene:

Handling:
Handle in areas with adequate ventilation; avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke in work areas; wash hands before breaks and at end of workday.
Store under inert gas; do not allow product to enter drains.
If swallowed: do NOT induce vomiting — call a poison centre or physician immediately.

Storage:
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place in tightly sealed containers under inert atmosphere (nitrogen).
Recommended storage temperature: room temperature, below 15°C preferred for extended shelf life.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Transport: Not classified as dangerous goods (ADR/RID, IMDG, IATA).

First Aid Measures for 1-Tetradecene:

Inhalation:
Move the affected person to fresh air immediately; if not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.

Skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

Eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution for several minutes.
Consult a physician if irritation persists.

Ingestion:
Do NOT induce vomiting — aspiration hazard (H304).
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person; rinse mouth with water.
Call a poison centre or physician immediately (P301+P310).

Firefighting Measures for 1-Tetradecene:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical powder, or carbon dioxide.

Specific hazards:
1-Tetradecene is a combustible liquid with flash point 110°C and explosive limits 0.5–5.4% v/v; autoignition temperature 235°C.
Combustion produces carbon oxides; vapour density 6.78 (air = 1.0) — vapours are significantly heavier than air and may accumulate in low-lying areas.

Protective equipment for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) for firefighting if necessary.

Firefighting procedures:
Prevent contaminated firefighting water from entering drains or water courses.
Cool containers exposed to fire with water spray.

Accidental Release Measures for 1-Tetradecene:

Personal precautions:
Use personal protective equipment; avoid breathing vapours, mist, or gas.
Ensure adequate ventilation; evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains or water courses.
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.

Clean-up methods:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Exposure Controls / Personal Protective Equipment for 1-Tetradecene:

Engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
No established occupational exposure limits for 1-tetradecene (OSHA, ACGIH).

Eye protection:
Face shield and safety glasses; equipment tested and approved under NIOSH (US) or EN 166 (EU).

Hand protection:
Full contact: nitrile rubber ≥0.4 mm (breakthrough time >480 min; Camatril KCL 730).
Splash contact: nitrile rubber ≥0.11 mm (breakthrough time 30 min; Dermatril KCL 740).
Gloves conforming to EU Regulation 2016/425 and EN 374.

Skin and body protection:
Complete chemical-protective suit; type selected according to concentration and amount at the specific workplace.

Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate, use full-face respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) cartridges.
If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied-air respirator (SCBA); tested and approved under NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Hygiene measures:
Wash hands before breaks and at end of workday; do not eat, drink, or smoke in work areas; remove contaminated clothing before leaving the work area.

1-Tetradecene Identifiers:
CAS Number: 1120-36-1
EC Number: 214-306-9
CBnumber: CB4476168
MDL Number: MFCD00008981
PubChem CID: 14260
PubChem Substance ID: 87576100
ChemSpider ID: 13538
ChEBI: CHEBI:77505
ChEMBL: CHEMBL1892257
CompTox (EPA): DTXSID4027367
UNII: FW23481S7S
Reaxys Registry Number: 1701156
SDBS (AIST): 4883
Product Number: T0087
IUPAC Name: Tetradec-1-ene
Molecular Formula: C₁₄H₂₈
Molecular Weight: 196.37 g/mol
Exact Mass: 196.219100893 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 196.219100893 g/mol
SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCCCC=C
InChI: InChI=1S/C14H28/c1-3-5-7-9-11-13-14-12-10-8-6-4-2/h3H,1,4-14H2,2H3
InChIKey: HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
XLogP3: 7.9
TPSA: 0 Ų
HBD: 0; HBA: 0; RotB: 11
Heavy atom count: 14
Complexity: 105
GHS Signal Word: Danger
GHS Hazard Statements: H304 (H315 in subset of C&L notifications)
GHS Precautionary Statements: P301+P310, P301+P330+P331, P315, P331, P405, P501
NFPA 704: Health 1 / Fire 1 / Reactivity 0
Rat oral LD50: >5,600 mg/kg (OECD TG 420)
Rat inhalation LC50: 64.89 mg/L (4h, OECD TG 403)
Rabbit dermal LD50: >10,000 mg/kg
NOAEL (rat, oral, repeated dose): 1,000 mg/kg
Ames test: Negative (S. typhimurium); micronucleus: negative
LC50 (rainbow trout, 96h): 5.6 mg/L
EC50 (Daphnia magna, 48h): 0.56–1.0 mg/L
ErC50 (algae, 72h): 1.0–1.8 mg/L
Biodegradability: 67–98% BOD in 28 days (OECD TG 301C) — readily biodegradable
ITSL: 29 μg/m³ (annual average)
Transport: Not dangerous goods (ADR/RID, IMDG, IATA)
TSCA: Listed; EINECS: Listed; PICCS: Listed; NZIoC: Listed; KECL: Listed; Vietnam NCI: Listed; China IECSC: Listed
China Catalog of Hazardous Chemicals 2015: Not listed

Properties of 1-Tetradecene:
Physical state: Liquid
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow watery liquid; floats on water
Odour: Mild pleasant characteristic hydrocarbon odour
Molecular formula: C₁₄H₂₈
Molecular weight: 196.37 g/mol
Melting point: −13 to −11°C (lit.); −12.3°C (8.8°F)
Boiling point: 251°C (484°F) at 760 mmHg
Flash point: 110°C (closed cup)
Autoignition temperature: 235°C at 1.013 hPa
Explosive limits: 0.5–5.4% v/v
Density: 0.771–0.775 g/mL at 25°C
Viscosity: 2.72 mm²/s at 20°C (ASTM D445)
Vapour pressure: 0.016 hPa (25°C); 4.55 mmHg at 220°F
Vapour density: 6.78 (air = 1.0)
Water solubility: Insoluble (immiscible; floats on water)
Solubility in organics: Miscible with ethanol, ether, benzene, chloroform
XLogP3: 7.9
TPSA: 0 Ų
GHS Classification: Danger — H304
Storage temperature: Room temperature, <15°C preferred; inert atmosphere

1-Tetradecene Properties — Specifications:
Product name: 1-Tetradecene (Tetradec-1-ene)
CAS Number: 1120-36-1
EC Number: 214-306-9
Molecular Formula: C₁₄H₂₈
Molecular Weight: 196.37 g/mol
Purity (GC): ≥97.0% (analytical standard); ≥90.0% (general use); 92% (technical grade)
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid
Melting point: −13 to −11°C
Boiling point: 251°C
Density: 0.771–0.775 g/mL at 25°C
Storage: Room temperature (<15°C), tightly sealed, inert atmosphere, cool dark place
Format: Liquid
Documents: CoA (Certificate of Analysis), MSDS/SDS available

Names of 1-Tetradecene:
1-Tetradecene
Tetradec-1-ene
Tetradecene
n-Tetradec-1-ene
α-Tetradecene
alpha-Tetradecene
1-Tetradecylene
Tetradecene-1
1-butadecene
Neodene 14
dodecylethylene
CCRIS 3785
HSDB 1087
NSC 66434
AI3-10509
LMFA11000329
CHEMBL1892257
DTXSID4027367
CHEBI:77505
UNII FW23481S7S
MFCD00008981
T0087
CAS 1120-36-1