1H-1,2,4-TRIAZOL-3-AMINE

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is a nitrogen-rich heterocyclic compound commonly known as amitrole, aminotriazole, or 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine was historically used as a broad-spectrum, nonselective, systemic, post-emergence herbicide for non-food and industrial vegetation control.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is also used as a biochemical catalase inhibitor, a molecular-biology selection reagent, an analytical reference material, and a research intermediate.

CAS Number: 61-82-5
EC Number: 200-521-5
Molecular Formula: C2H4N4
Molecular Weight: 84.08 g/mol

Synonyms: 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine, Amitrole, Amitrol, Aminotriazole, Amino Triazole, 3-Aminotriazole, 3-Amino-1,2,4-Triazole, 3-Amino-1H-1,2,4-Triazole, 1H-1,2,4-Triazole-3-Amine, 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-5-Amine, 1H-[1,2,4]Triazol-3-Ylamine, 1,2,4-Triazole-3-Amine, 3-AT, 3AT, AT, ATA, ATZ, Aminotriazole 90, Amitrole Technical, Amitrole Herbicide, Catalase Inhibitor 3-AT, HIS3 Inhibitor, Imidazoleglycerol-Phosphate Dehydratase Inhibitor, EPA Chemical Code 004401, RTECS XZ3850000, PubChem CID 1639, UNII 0Q5FVR1P7N, MFCD00005230, MFCD00053362, Weedazole, Weedazool, Amizol, Amitrol-T, Cytrol, Domatol, Vorox, X-All, Ustinex, Azaplant, Azolan, Amino Triazole Weed Killer, Aminotriazole Herbicide, Triazole Herbicide, Nonselective Herbicide, Plant-Pigment Biosynthesis Inhibitor, Carotenoid-Biosynthesis Inhibitor, Laboratory Catalase Inhibitor, Yeast-Two-Hybrid Selection Reagent, Yeast-One-Hybrid Selection Reagent, CAS 61-82-5, EC 200-521-5

APPLICATIONS

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used historically as a broad-spectrum herbicide.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used historically to control annual and perennial broadleaf weeds.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used historically to control annual and perennial grasses.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used only where a currently authorized pesticide product and label permit its application.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used historically as a nonselective post-emergence herbicide.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used after weeds have emerged and developed active foliage.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used historically where broad vegetation suppression rather than crop selectivity is required.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is not suitable for uncontrolled use around desirable vegetation.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used historically in outdoor industrial areas.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used historically on non-agricultural rights-of-way.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used historically along fence rows and hedgerows.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used historically on non-agricultural uncultivated land.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used historically for vegetation management near railways.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used historically along utility corridors.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used historically in selected roadside and infrastructure-maintenance programs.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used only under applicable worker-protection and environmental restrictions.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used historically to suppress poison ivy.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used historically to suppress poison oak.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used historically against blackberry, honeysuckle, sumac, and other difficult woody or vining weeds.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used only after confirming that the specific target and site appear on the authorized product label.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used historically around ornamental and shade trees without direct contact with desirable plants.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used historically around ornamental shrubs and vines under restricted conditions.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used historically for inter-row weed control where food-plant contact is prevented.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is not used on food crops unless a current jurisdiction-specific authorization expressly permits it.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used historically as a systemic herbicide.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is absorbed by actively growing plant tissues.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine interferes with carotenoid synthesis and chlorophyll development.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine produces bleaching and progressive loss of photosynthetic function in susceptible plants.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in herbicide mode-of-action research.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to study carotenoid-biosynthesis inhibition.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to investigate chlorophyll formation and pigment loss.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used as a reference bleaching herbicide in plant-science experiments.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in weed-science laboratories.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to compare susceptibility among plant species.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to investigate absorption, translocation, and plant-response kinetics.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used under controlled experimental conditions rather than general field instructions.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in plant-growth and developmental research.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to examine pigment-dependent plant development.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to investigate recovery and regrowth after metabolic inhibition.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used with appropriate untreated and solvent controls.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used as a catalase inhibitor in biochemical research.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to reduce or inactivate catalase activity in experimental systems.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to investigate the biological role of hydrogen-peroxide decomposition.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used at experimentally validated concentrations and exposure periods.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to inhibit catalase through interaction with its active catalytic system.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in hydrogen-peroxide-dependent catalase-inactivation experiments.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to distinguish catalase-dependent effects from other antioxidant pathways.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used with direct measurement of residual catalase activity.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in oxidative-stress research.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to evaluate cellular responses when hydrogen-peroxide clearance is impaired.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to investigate oxidative damage, signaling, and antioxidant defenses.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used without assuming that every observed effect results only from catalase inhibition.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in cell-culture experiments.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to study catalase-dependent survival and stress responses.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to examine cellular sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide and oxidant-generating treatments.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used after cytotoxicity and solvent controls have been established.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in microbial catalase research.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to distinguish catalase phenotypes among microorganisms.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to investigate peroxisomal catalase in yeasts.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to study microbial responses to peroxide stress.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in peroxisome research.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to investigate catalase import into peroxisomes.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to study catalase folding, aggregation, and intracellular localization.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in combination with microscopy, fractionation, and enzyme-assay techniques.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in animal-model research involving catalase inhibition.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to investigate endogenous hydrogen-peroxide generation.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to study the contribution of catalase to tissue injury and oxidative physiology.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used only under approved animal-research protocols.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in renal oxidative-stress studies.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in cardiovascular and vascular research.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in neurological and behavioral studies involving catalase-dependent pathways.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used as a research inhibitor rather than a therapeutic substance.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in ethanol-metabolism research.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to examine the proposed contribution of catalase to local acetaldehyde formation.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in controlled behavioral and biochemical experiments involving ethanol.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is not used as an approved treatment for alcohol-related conditions.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in enzyme-mechanism research.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to investigate irreversible or mechanism-dependent catalase inactivation.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to study heme-enzyme reaction pathways.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used with kinetic controls that account for hydrogen-peroxide concentration.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in yeast two-hybrid assays.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to increase the stringency of HIS3 reporter selection.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to suppress background growth caused by leaky HIS3 reporter expression.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used after the appropriate concentration has been titrated for the bait strain.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used as a competitive inhibitor of the HIS3 gene product.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to inhibit imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used so that stronger HIS3 expression is required for yeast growth.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to improve discrimination between background activation and genuine protein interactions.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in yeast one-hybrid assays.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to suppress HIS3 autoactivation from DNA-bait constructs.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to establish selection thresholds for protein–DNA interaction screening.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used after preliminary autoactivation testing.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in high-throughput protein-interaction screening.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in array-based yeast two-hybrid systems.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in library screens employing HIS3 reporter activation.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to reduce false-positive colony growth.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in bacterial reporter systems containing the yeast HIS3 gene.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to adjust the level of HIS3 expression required for growth.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in protein–DNA and protein–protein interaction selection research.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used after confirming organism and reporter-system sensitivity.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in histidine-biosynthesis research.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to examine regulation of the HIS3 pathway in yeast.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to select or characterize aminotriazole-resistant strains.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in studies of transporter and resistance-gene function.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in gene-expression studies.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to impose selectable pressure linked to HIS3 reporter activity.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to compare relative reporter-gene activation.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used with positive, negative, and autoactivation controls.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used as an analytical reference material.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in chromatographic method development.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in pesticide-residue and environmental monitoring research.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used at a purity and traceability level appropriate to the analytical method.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in liquid-chromatography methods.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in mass-spectrometry method development.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in spectroscopic identity and purity studies.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to prepare calibration and system-suitability solutions.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in environmental-fate research.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to study mobility in soil and water.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to investigate biodegradation and persistence under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in controlled studies rather than released deliberately into the environment.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in groundwater and leaching research.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used as a reference analyte in studies of polar pesticide transport.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to assess sorption under acidic, neutral, and alkaline soil conditions.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used after suitable containment and waste controls have been established.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in toxicology research.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to study thyroid-function suppression in experimental models.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in mechanistic investigations of thyroid and liver effects.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is handled as a potential occupational carcinogen during such research.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in carcinogenicity and risk-assessment research.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to investigate rodent thyroid, liver, and pituitary responses.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to examine dose, duration, and route-dependent toxicological outcomes.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used only in appropriately contained facilities.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in chemical-identification and regulatory testing.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to establish identity, assay, water content, and impurity profiles.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in studies of light stability and storage decomposition.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used after the relevant analytical acceptance criteria have been defined.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used as a starting material in triazole-chemistry research.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to investigate reactions of amino-substituted heterocycles.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in exploratory synthesis of functional triazole derivatives.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used under reaction-specific hazard and purification controls.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in material-interaction research.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used to examine metal complexation and chelation.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in studies involving protonation, salt formation, and coordination chemistry.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used after compatibility with laboratory vessels and equipment has been confirmed.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used in commercial laboratories after incoming-quality inspection.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used after identity, assay, appearance, moisture, and impurity specifications have been checked.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used after the current safety data sheet and regulatory status have been reviewed.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is used according to the intended research, technical, or authorized pesticide grade.

DESCRIPTION

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is a five-membered aromatic nitrogen heterocycle.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine contains three ring nitrogen atoms.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine contains one exocyclic amino group.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine belongs to the aminotriazole chemical family.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine has the molecular formula C2H4N4.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine has a molecular weight of approximately 84.08 g/mol.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine has CAS number 61-82-5.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine has EC number 200-521-5.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is commonly called amitrole.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is commonly called aminotriazole.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is commonly abbreviated as 3-AT.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine historical pesticide names and trademarks vary by country and manufacturer.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is generally supplied as colorless to white crystals or crystalline powder.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is odorless when pure.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine has been described as having a bitter taste.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine commercial appearance depends on purity, particle size, and storage history.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine has a representative melting point near 159°C.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine may be reported with a broader melting range of approximately 147–159°C.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine has extremely low vapor pressure at room temperature.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine occupational airborne exposure therefore occurs mainly through dust rather than vapor.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine has a representative specific gravity of approximately 1.14.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine has a water solubility of approximately 280 g/L at 25°C.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is also soluble in methanol and ethanol.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is poorly soluble or insoluble in many nonpolar organic solvents.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine has a reported pKa near 4.2.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine forms salts with many acids and bases.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is capable of metal coordination and chelation.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine solution behavior depends on pH, ionic strength, and counterions.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine has low lipophilicity.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine has a reported log Kow below zero.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine therefore has a strong preference for aqueous phases relative to hydrophobic phases.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine may be mobile in neutral and alkaline soils.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is stable under ordinary temperatures and pressures when correctly stored.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine decomposes on prolonged exposure to light.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine should therefore be protected from direct sunlight.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine should remain in tightly closed, light-resistant packaging.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine has been reported to be corrosive to iron, aluminum, and copper.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine should be assessed before prolonged contact with metallic processing equipment.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine should be handled using chemically compatible containers and transfer equipment.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is described by NIOSH as a noncombustible solid.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine formulations may nevertheless contain combustible or flammable solvents.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine can produce irritating or toxic decomposition products during severe heating.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine fire response must be based on the complete commercial formulation.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine historically functioned as a systemic bleaching herbicide.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine inhibits carotenoid synthesis and chlorophyll formation in susceptible plants.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine loss of protective carotenoids contributes to pigment destruction and plant bleaching.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine herbicidal performance varies with plant species, growth stage, weather, and formulation.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine food-crop pesticide uses were cancelled in the United States in 1971.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine subsequently had primarily non-food and industrial vegetation-control uses.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine plant-protection use is prohibited in the European Union.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine pesticide status must be checked against current national registration databases.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is an established catalase inhibitor.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine can bind within the catalase catalytic system during hydrogen-peroxide turnover.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine can produce mechanism-dependent loss of catalase activity.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is therefore widely used to investigate catalase-dependent biological processes.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine also competitively inhibits imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine inhibition of this HIS3-encoded enzyme restricts histidine biosynthesis in yeast.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine increases the reporter-expression level required for growth on histidine-deficient medium.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is therefore useful for controlling selection stringency in interaction assays.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine exposure can occur through inhalation, ingestion, and skin or eye contact.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine dust can irritate the eyes and skin.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine substantial exposure may cause breathing difficulty, weakness, disturbed coordination, or other systemic symptoms.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine can suppress thyroid function.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine target organs identified by NIOSH include the eyes, skin, and thyroid.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine produced liver, thyroid, and pituitary tumors in experimental animals.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is listed by the United States National Toxicology Program as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine must be handled as a potential occupational carcinogen.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine has a NIOSH carcinogen-designated recommended exposure limit of 0.2 mg/m³ as a time-weighted average.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine has no substance-specific federal OSHA permissible exposure limit in the cited NIOSH entry.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine has an European indicative occupational exposure limit of 0.2 mg/m³ over eight hours.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine workplace exposure should be kept as low as reasonably achievable.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine can enter soil and water through historical pesticide manufacture or use.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine can be biodegraded by soil microorganisms.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine is not expected to bioaccumulate strongly because of its low lipophilicity.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine can nevertheless be mobile and may leach toward groundwater.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine should not be released into drains or surface water.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine waste may be regulated as hazardous waste in some jurisdictions.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine contaminated materials should be collected in labeled closed containers.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine disposal must follow applicable pesticide, chemical, and hazardous-waste requirements.

1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine technical, pesticide, laboratory, and analytical grades are not automatically interchangeable.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine pesticide-grade products may contain formulation aids and other ingredients.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine analytical and biochemical grades may have tighter assay and impurity specifications.
1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine grade selection must be based on the intended authorized application.

PROPERTIES

Chemical Name: 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine
Common Name: Amitrole
Alternative Common Name: 3-Amino-1,2,4-Triazole
Common Abbreviations: 3-AT, AT, ATA, and ATZ
Chemical Family: Aminotriazoles
Chemical Class: Nitrogen heterocyclic compounds
CAS Number: 61-82-5
EC Number: 200-521-5
PubChem CID: 1639
RTECS Number: XZ3850000
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code: 004401
Molecular Formula: C2H4N4
Molecular Weight: 84.08 g/mol
IUPAC Name: 1H-1,2,4-Triazol-3-amine
Structural Description: Five-membered triazole ring bearing an exocyclic amino group
Physical State: Solid
Typical Appearance: Colorless to white crystalline powder
Odor: Odorless when pure
Taste: Bitter
Representative Melting Point: Approximately 159°C
Reported Melting Range: Approximately 147–159°C
Representative Specific Gravity: Approximately 1.14
Representative Water Solubility: Approximately 280 g/L at 25°C
Representative Ethanol Solubility: Approximately 260 g/L at 75°C
Acetone Solubility: Insoluble or very limited
Hydrocarbon Solubility: Insoluble
Representative Vapor Pressure: Approximately 4.4 × 10⁻⁷ mmHg at 25°C
Alternative NIOSH Vapor-Pressure Statement: Less than 0.000008 mmHg
Representative Log Kow: Approximately −0.97
Representative pKa: Approximately 4.2
Volatility: Negligible under ambient conditions
Combustibility: Noncombustible solid according to NIOSH; formulations may differ
Light Stability: Decomposes on exposure to light
Ordinary Storage Stability: Stable under recommended temperature and pressure conditions
Primary Historical Function: Nonselective systemic post-emergence herbicide
Herbicidal Mechanism: Inhibition of carotenoid synthesis and chlorophyll formation
Primary Laboratory Function: Catalase inhibitor
Molecular-Biology Function: Competitive inhibitor of the HIS3 gene product
HIS3 Enzyme: Imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase
Yeast-Assay Function: Increased selection stringency and suppression of reporter autoactivation
European Plant-Protection Status: Plant-protection use prohibited
United States Food-Crop Status: Food-crop uses cancelled
Current Pesticide Status: Must be checked in the current national product-registration database
NTP Cancer Status: Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen
NIOSH Classification: Potential occupational carcinogen
NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit: 0.2 mg/m³ TWA with carcinogen designation
European Indicative Occupational Exposure Limit: 0.2 mg/m³ over eight hours
Federal OSHA PEL: No substance-specific PEL identified in the cited NIOSH entry
Exposure Routes: Inhalation, ingestion, and skin or eye contact
Target Organs: Eyes, skin, and thyroid
Animal Cancer Sites Reported: Liver, thyroid, and pituitary gland
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizing agents
Material Compatibility Warning: Reported as corrosive to iron, aluminum, and copper
Environmental Mobility: Potentially high in neutral and alkaline soil
Bioaccumulation Potential: Expected to be low
Biodegradation: Biodegradable under suitable aerobic soil conditions
Waste Status: Jurisdiction dependent; hazardous-waste controls may apply
Storage Conditions: Cool, dry, ventilated, and protected from light
Storage Container: Tightly closed and chemically compatible
Shelf Life: Grade, purity, packaging, light exposure, and manufacturer dependent
Regulatory Suitability: Application, grade, authorization, concentration, and jurisdiction dependent

FIRST AID

Inhalation:
Move the affected person immediately to fresh air.
Provide respiratory support when required and obtain urgent medical attention after substantial dust exposure or breathing difficulty.

Skin Contact:
Remove contaminated clothing and wash the skin immediately with plenty of water.
Obtain medical advice if irritation, dryness, or other symptoms continue.

Eye Contact:
Irrigate the eyes immediately and continuously with clean water for at least 15 minutes.
Remove contact lenses if readily possible and obtain prompt medical evaluation.

Ingestion:
Rinse the mouth and do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel.
Obtain immediate medical attention or contact a poison center.

Note to Physicians:
Treat symptomatically and provide supportive care.
Consider thyroid-function effects and the possibility of delayed systemic toxicity after significant exposure.

HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling:
Handle the material as a potential occupational carcinogen.
Avoid generating dust, inhalation, ingestion, and all unnecessary skin or eye contact.

Engineering Controls:
Use enclosed transfer or contained weighing whenever practical.
Provide effective local exhaust ventilation at weighing, charging, blending, sampling, and packaging points.

Personal Protection:
Wear chemical-resistant gloves, protective clothing, and tightly fitting chemical goggles.
Provide a face shield where splashing or dust dispersion is possible.

Respiratory Protection:
Use appropriate particulate respiratory protection when engineering controls cannot maintain exposure below the applicable limit.
Respirator selection must follow an occupational respiratory-protection program and the current safety data sheet.

Storage:
Store in tightly closed, light-resistant, chemically compatible containers.
Keep the material in a cool, dry, secure, and well-ventilated area away from strong oxidizers.

Material Compatibility:
Avoid prolonged contact with iron, aluminum, and copper equipment unless compatibility has been demonstrated.
Use suitable nonreactive linings, containers, and transfer equipment.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Restrict access, avoid raising dust, and collect the material using suitable mechanical or HEPA-filtered methods.
Prevent the material from entering drains, soil, groundwater, and surface water.

Decontamination:
Do not use uncontrolled dry sweeping or compressed air.
Place contaminated absorbents, clothing, and cleaning materials in closed labeled waste containers.

Handling Precautions:
Maintain an eyewash fountain and emergency drench facility close to the work area.
Follow the current specification, certificate of analysis, safety data sheet, occupational-exposure controls, and applicable pesticide and chemical regulations.