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2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is effective against a wide range of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, is an organic compound with wide-spectrum antimicrobial properties.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, often abbreviated as "Bronopol," is a synthetic organic compound with antimicrobial properties.
CAS Number: 52-51-7
Molecular Formula: C3H6BrNO4
Molecular Weight: 199.99
EINECS Number: 200-143-0
Synonyms: bronopol, 52-51-7, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, 2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, Bronosol, Bronocot, Bronidiol, Bronopolu, Bronotak, Lexgard bronopol, Onyxide 500, Bronopolum, 1,3-Propanediol, 2-bromo-2-nitro-, 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol, C3H6BrNO4, Caswell No. 116A, Bronopolu [Polish], BNPD, MFCD00007390, beta-Bromo-beta-nitrotrimethyleneglycol, Bioban, NSC 141021, Bronopolum [INN-Latin], HSDB 7195, Myacide AS, Myacide AS plus, Myacide BT, Bronopol [INN:BAN:JAN], EINECS 200-143-0, UNII-6PU1E16C9W, Myacide Pharma BP, Canguard 409, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 216400, NSC-141021, BNPK, BRN 1705868, 6PU1E16C9W, DTXSID8024652, CHEBI:31306, AI3-61639, 2-Bromo-2-nitropropan-1,3-diol, Nalco 92RU093, UN3241, DTXCID904652, EC 200-143-0, 1,2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, NCGC00164057-01, BRONOPOL (MART.), BRONOPOL [MART.], 2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol [UN3241] [Flammable Solid], CAS-52-51-7, Pyceze, 2-Bronopol, Bioban BP Plus, Ultra-Fresh SAB, bronopol (DCI), Bactrinol 100, Protectol BN 98, Protectol BN 99, 2-bromo-2-nitro-propane-1,3-diol, Acticide L 30, Preventol P 100, BE 6 (bactericide), Topcide 2520, Bronopol (JAN/INN), N 25 (antimicrobial), BRONOPOL [HSDB], BRONOPOL [INN], BRONOPOL [JAN], BRONOPOL [MI], BRONOPOL [VANDF], WLN: WNXE1Q1Q, 1, 2-bromo-2-nitro-, 2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol (Bronopol), BRONOPOL [WHO-DD], Bronopol [BAN:INN:JAN], SCHEMBL23260, C3-H6-Br-N-O4, BE 6, Bioban BNPD-40 (Salt/Mix), CHEMBL1408862, SCHEMBL16556987, 2-Bromo-2-nitropropan-13-diol, LVDKZNITIUWNER-UHFFFAOYSA-, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-13-diol, AMY8948, 2-Bromo-2-nitro-13-propanediol, 2-Bromo-2-nitropropan-1 3-diol, 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1 3-propanediol, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanodiol, 2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1 3-diol, 2-bromo-2-nitropropano-1 3-diol, 2-Bromo-2-nitropropano-1,3-diol, 2-Nitro-2-bromo-1 3-propanediol, 2-nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanodiol, HY-B1217, Tox21_112079, Tox21_300126, BDBM50248122, LS-172, NA3241, NSC141021, s4553, 1,3-propanodiol, 2-bromo-2-nitro-, 2-bromanyl-2-nitro-propane-1,3-diol, AKOS003606838, CCG-213823, CS-4699, DB13960, USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 216400, NCGC00164057-02, NCGC00164057-03, NCGC00253984-01, AS-11889, N 25, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, 98%, .beta.-Bromo-.beta.-nitrotrimethyleneglycol, B1247, Bronopol, PESTANAL(R), analytical standard, FT-0611399, D01577, E85247, EN300-141420, AB01563195_01, 2-BROMO-2-NITROPROPANE-1,3-DIOL [INCI], A829125, SR-01000944249, Q-200765, Q2462902, SR-01000944249-1
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol was rapidly absorbed in animal studies.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol may be absorbed via aerosol inhalation, dermal contact, and ingestion 6.
First synthesized in 1897, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol was primarily used as a preservative for pharmaceuticals and was registered in the United States in 1984 for
use in industrial bactericides, slimicides and preservatives.
Compared to other aliphatic halogen-nitro compounds, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is more stable to hydrolysis in aqueous media under normal conditions.
In rats, approximately 40% of the topically applied dose of 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol was absorbed through the skin within 24 hr 6.
Following oral administration of 1 mg/kg in rats, the peak plasma concentrations of 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol were reached up to 2 hours post-dosing.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol undergoes degradation in aqueous medium to form bromonitroethanol from a retroaldol reaction with the liberation of an equimolar amount of formaldehyde 4.
Formaldehyde is a degradation product of 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, which may cause sensitization 6.
Bromonitroethanol further decomposes to formaldehyde and bromonitromethane.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol may also break down to release a nitrite ion and 2-bromoethanol.
Metabolism studies indicate that 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is primarily excreted in the urine 9.
In rats, about 19% of dermally-applied 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol was excreted in the urine, feces and expired air 6.
Following oral administration of 1 mg/kg radiolabelled bronopol in rats, approximately 81% and 6% of the administered radioactivity was recovered in the urine and expired air, respectively, within a period of 24 hours 5.
Following intravenous administration in rat, the recoveries in the urine and expired air were 74% and 9% of the dose, respectively
The half-life of 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol in the biological systems is not reported in the literature.
The half-life value reported for 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol reflects the environment fate of the compound.
When released into the air as vapours, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals where the half life for this reaction is approximately 11 days 6.
The photolysis half-life is 24 hours in water but may be up to 2 days under natural sunlight
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, or 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, is an organic compound with wide-spectrum antimicrobial properties.
First synthesized in 1897, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol was primarily used as a preservative for pharmaceuticals and was registered in the United States in 1984 for use in industrial bactericides, slimicides and preservatives.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is synthesized through a series of chemical reactions.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is typically produced by the bromination of 2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, resulting in the introduction of a bromine atom into the molecule.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is usually found in the form of white crystalline powder or flakes. It is odorless and has a slightly bitter taste.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol works by releasing bromine ions (Br-) when it dissolves in water.
These bromine ions are effective at disrupting the metabolic processes of microorganisms, leading to their inhibition or destruction.
This antimicrobial action makes it valuable in preventing bacterial and fungal growth in various products and industrial applications.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is known for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, which means it can target a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, yeasts, and molds.
The regulatory status of 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol varies by country and application.
In some regions, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is approved for use as a preservative and antimicrobial agent in specific products, while in others, its use may be restricted or subject to certain concentration limits due to safety concerns.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol has faced scrutiny and controversy due to potential safety issues.
One concern is its capacity to release formaldehyde under certain conditions, which has led to health and environmental concerns.
As a result, regulatory authorities and industry standards organizations have imposed restrictions and guidelines on its use.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol works by releasing bromine ions when it comes into contact with water, and these ions have antimicrobial properties that help to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol has been used in cosmetics, toiletries, shampoos, soaps, and pharmaceuticals to extend the shelf life of these products and prevent spoilage or degradation due to microbial contamination.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is an organic compound that is used as an antimicrobial.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is a white solid although commercial samples appear yellow.
The first reported synthesis of 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol was in 1897.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol was invented by The Boots Company PLC in the early 1960s and first applications were as a preservative for pharmaceuticals.
Due to its low mammalian toxicity at in-use levels and high activity against bacteria, especially Gram-negative species, bronopol became popular as a preservative in many consumer products such as shampoos and cosmetics.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol was subsequently adopted as an antimicrobial in other industrial environments such as paper mills, oil exploration, and production facilities, as well as cooling water disinfection plants.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, is an aliphatic halogenonitro compound with potent antibacterial activity but limited activity against fungi(Guthrie, 1999).
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol activity is reduced somewhat by 10% serum and to a greater extent by sulphydryl compounds, but is unaffected by 1% polysorbate or 0.1% lecithin.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol has a half-life of about 96 daysat pH 8 and 25oC (Toler, 1985).
Due to safety concerns surrounding Bronopol, some manufacturers and industries have sought alternatives for antimicrobial and preservative purposes.
This has led to the development and adoption of other preservatives and antimicrobial agents that may be considered safer.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol was invented by The Boots Company PLC in the early 1960s and first applications were as a preservative for pharmaceuticals.
Due to its low mammalian toxicity at in-use levels and high activity against bacteria, especially Gram-negative species, bronopol became popular
as a preservative in many consumer products such as shampoos and cosmetics.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol was subsequently adopted as an antimicrobial in other industrial environments such as paper mills, oil exploration, and production facilities, as well as cooling water disinfection plants.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is produced by the bromination of di(hydroxymethyl)nitromethane, which is derived from nitromethane by a nitroaldol reaction.
World production increased from the tens of tonnes in the late 1970s to current estimates in excess of 5,000 tonnes.
Manufacturing today is the business of low cost producers, mainly in China.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is used in consumer products as an effective preservative agent, as well as a wide variety of industrial applications (almost any industrial water system is a potential environment for bacterial growth, leading to slime and corrosion problems - in many of these systems
bronopol can be a highly effective treatment).
The use of 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol in personal care products (cosmetics, toiletries) has declined since the late 1980s due to the potential formation of nitrosamines.
While 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is not in itself a nitrosating agent, under conditions where it decomposes (alkaline solution and/or elevated temperatures) it can liberate nitrite and low levels of formaldehyde and these decomposition products can react with any contaminant secondary amines or amides in a personal care formulation to produce significant levels of nitrosamines (due to the toxicity of these substances, the term 'significant' means levels as low as 10s of parts per billion).
Manufacturers of personal care products are therefore instructed by regulatory authorities to avoid the formation of nitrosamines which might mean removing amines or amides from the formulation, removing bronopol from a formulation, or using nitrosamine inhibitors.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol has been restricted for use in cosmetics in Canada.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is supplied as crystals or crystalline powder, which may vary from white to pale yellow in colour depending on the grade.
The yellow coloration is due to chelation of iron during the manufacturing process.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is reportedly very effective against grampositive and gram-negative bacteria, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as against fungi and yeasts.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol may release formaldehyde and cross-reacts with other formaldehyde-releasing substances.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol BP is a white and almost white crystalline powder that is soluble in water.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is used as an effective preservative agent and possesses a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity and inhibits the growth of fungi and yeasts.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol can be used in the formulation of a wide variety of cosmetic and personal care products, especially in leave-on and rinse-off shampoos, creams, lotions, rinses and eye makeup to protect the product integrity by preventing or slowing bacterial growth.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is produced by the bromination of di(hydroxymethyl)nitromethane, which is derived from nitromethane by a nitroaldol reaction.
World production increased from the tens of tonnes in the late 1970s to current estimates in excess of 5,000 tonnes.
Production today is the business of low cost producers, mainly in China.
As a pure material, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol has a melting point of about 130 °C.
However, due to its polymorphic characteristics, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol undergoes a lattice rearrangement at 100 to 105 °C and this can often be wrongly interpreted as the melting point.
At temperatures above 140 °C, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol decomposes exothermically releasing hydrogen bromide and oxides of nitrogen.
The inhibitory activity against various bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was demonstrated in vitro.
The agent is largely available commercially as an antibacterial for a variety of industrial purposes while it is predominantly available for purchase
as a pet animal litter antibacterial at the domestic consumer level.
Nevertheless, ongoing contemporary re-evaluations of 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol use in large markets such as Canada now place various compositional and product restrictions on the use of the agent in cosmetic products and in other products where it may not primarily be used in the role of a nonmedicinal preservative antimicrobial.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is used as a microbicide or microbiostat in various commercial and industrial applications, including oil field systems, air washer systems, air conditioning or humidifying systems, cooling water systems, papermills, absorbent clays, metal working fluids, printing inks, paints, adhesives and consumer products.
When 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol comes into contact with water, it releases bromine ions, which have antimicrobial properties.
This makes it useful for preventing microbial contamination and extending the shelf life of products in various industries, including personal care products, pharmaceuticals, water treatment, and more.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is a white crystalline solid that is used primarily as a preservative and antimicrobial agent in various products.
The chemical formula for 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is C3H6BrNO4, and its systematic IUPAC name is 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol.
Melting point: 130-133 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 358.0±42.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 2.0002 (rough estimate)
refractive index: 1.6200 (estimate)
Flash point: 167°C
storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
solubility: H2O: soluble100mg/mL, clear, colorless to faintly yellow
pka: 12.02±0.10(Predicted)
form Crystals or Crystalline Powder
color: White to yellow
Odor: odorless
Water Solubility: 25 g/100 mL (22 ºC)
Merck: 14,1447
BRN: 1705868
Stability: Stable. Hygroscopic. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, strong reducing agents, acid chlorides and anhydrides, moisture.
LogP: 1.150 (est)
CAS DataBase Reference: 52-51-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol
FDA 21 CFR: 176.300
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, or bronopol is an organic compound with wide-spectrum antimicrobial properties.
First synthesized in 1897, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol was primarily used as a preservative for pharmaceuticals and was registered in the United States in 1984 for use in industrial bactericides, slimicides and preservatives.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is used as a microbicide or microbiostat in various commercial and industrial applications, including oil field systems, air washer systems, air conditioning or humidifying systems, cooling water systems, papermills, absorbent clays, metal working fluids, printing inks, paints, adhesives and consumer products.
Compared to other aliphatic halogen-nitro compounds, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is more stable to hydrolysis in aqueous media under normal conditions.
The inhibitory activity against various bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was demonstrated in vitro.
The agent is largely available commercially as an antibacterial for a variety of industrial purposes while it is predominantly available for purchase
as a pet animal litter antibacterial at the domestic consumer level.
Nevertheless, ongoing contemporary re-evaluations of 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol use in large markets such as Canada now place various compositional and product restrictions on the use of the agent in cosmetic products [L873] and in other products where it may not primarily be used in the role of a non-medicinal preservative antimicrobial.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol as an active ingredient is registered as a commercial biocide and preservative in many industrial processes.
Registered biocidal uses include pulp and paper mills, water cooling towers, waste water treatment, evaporative condensers, heat exchangers,
food pasteurizing plants, metalworking fluids, and oilfield applications.
In addition, preservative uses include household products (e.g., dishwashing liquids, laundry products), latex emulsions, polymer lattices,
pigments, leather and milk samples for analysis.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is also formulated into granular domestic end-use products in the form of cat litter.
At concentrations of 12.5 to 50 μg/mL, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol mediated an inhibitory activity against various strains of Gram negative and positive bacteria in vitro.
The bactericidal activity is reported to be greater against Gram-negative bacteria than against Gram-positive cocci.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol was also demonstrated to be effective against various fungal species, but the inhibitory action is reported to be minimal compared to that of against bacterial species.
The inhibitory activity of 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol decreases with increasing pH of the media.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol also elicits an anti-protozoal activity, as demonstrated with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in vitro and in vivo.
It is proposed that 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol affects the survival of all free-living stages of I.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol also elicits an anti-protozoal activity, as demonstrated with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in vitro and in vivo 2.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is proposed that bronopol affects the survival of all free-living stages of I.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is a bactericide with limited effectiveness against fungal organisms.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is active against Pseudomonas species and should be used at a pH of 5 to 8.8, below the application temperature of 45 ° C.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol has a complex mechanism of action that attacks thiol groups in cells, suppressing respiration and cellular metabolism.
Research indicates that 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is a corrosive eye irritant and moderate to severe skin irritant in rabbits.
The fate of the environment and the ecological consequences of the use of 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol are moderately highly toxic for estuarine / marine invertebrates; slightly toxic to marine fish; slightly toxic to birds with acute oral ingestion.
However, no quantitative risk assessment has been carried out.
The risk to the aquatic environment is being addressed under the NPDES permitting program by the Water Resources Authority.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is now required that labels on all products containing Bronopol meet NPDES requirements.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is proposed that bronopol generates biocide-induced bacteriostasis followed by a growth at an inhibited rate in bacteria, via two distinct reactions between bronopol and essential thiols within the bacterial cell 1.
Under aerobic conditions, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol catalyzes the oxidation of thiol groups, such as cysteine, to disulfides.
This reaction is accompanied by rapid consumption of oxygen, where oxygen acts as the final oxidant.
During the conversion of cysteine to cystine, radical anion intermediates such as superoxide and peroxide are formed from bronopol to exert a direct bactericidal activity.
The oxidation of excess thiols alters the redox state to create anoxic conditions, leading to a second reaction involving the oxidation of intracellular thiols such as glutathione to its disulfide.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is an organic compound that belongs to the family of nitro compounds.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is a white to off-white crystalline powder that is soluble in water and has a slightly bitter taste.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is widely used as a preservative in various cosmetic and personal care products, such as shampoos, hair conditioners, body washes, and skin creams, to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol works by releasing formaldehyde, which is toxic to microorganisms, in small amounts over time.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol has also been used as a biocide in industrial applications, such as cooling water systems, oil drilling fluids, and paper processing, to prevent microbial growth and contamination.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol has been approved for use as a preservative in cosmetic and personal care products by regulatory agencies such as the US FDA, but its use has been restricted in some countries due to concerns over its potential to release formaldehyde, which is a known carcinogen.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol cause significant reductions in the activity of bronopol, and cysteine hydrochloride may be used as the deactivating agent in preservative efficacy tests; lecithin/polysorbate combinations are unsuitable for this purpose.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is incompatible with sodium thiosulfate, with sodium metabisulfite, and with amine oxide or protein hydrolysate surfactants.
Owing to an incompatibility with aluminum, the use of aluminum in the packaging of products that contain 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol should be avoided.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is supplied as crystals or crystalline powder, which may vary from white to pale yellow in colour depending on the grade.
The yellow coloration is due to chelation of iron during the manufacturing process.
Under extreme alkaline conditions, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol decomposes in aqueous solution and very low levels of formaldehyde are produced.
Liberated formaldehyde is not responsible for the biological activity associated with 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol.
Other decomposition products detected after bronopol breakdown are bromide ion, nitrite ion, bromonitroethanol and 2-hydroxymethyl-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol.
At concentrations of 12.5 to 50 μg/mL, bronopol mediated an inhibitory activity against various strains of Gram negative and positive bacteria in vitro 3.
Uses Of 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol:
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is used as a microbiocide/microbiostat in oil field systems, air washer systems, air conditioning/humidifying systems, cooling water systems, papermills, absorbent clays, metal working fluids, printing inks, paints, adhesives and consumer/institutional products.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol a formulating technical material is also registered.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is used in consumer products as an effective preservative agent, as well as a wide variety of industrial applications (almost any industrial water system is a potential environment for bacterial growth, leading to slime and corrosion problems - in many of these systems bronopol can be a highly effective treatment).
The use of 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol in personal care products (cosmetics, toiletries) has declined since the late 1980s due to the potential formation of nitrosamines.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is used in water treatment systems to control the growth of bacteria and algae in cooling towers, swimming pools, and industrial water systems.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is used in the oil and gas industry to prevent bacterial growth in drilling fluids, pipelines, and storage tanks.
Microbial growth can lead to corrosion and other issues.
Some paint and coating formulations include 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol to prevent microbial contamination, which can cause spoilage and degradation.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is used as a microbiocide/microbiostat in oil field systems, air washer systems, air conditioning/humidifying systems, cooling water systems, papermills, absorbent clays, metal working fluids, printing inks, paints, adhesives and consumer/institutional products.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is used as a preservative in various cosmetic and household products due to its high activity against gram-negative bacteria, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other pseudomonads.
These organisms are common water dwellers and can cause pollution and deterioration problems.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is an effective antibacterial preservative in a wide pH range.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is stable at acidic pH values and is also useful as a labile antibacterial preservative in an alkaline environment.
Due to its broad spectrum antibacterial activity, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol can also be used as an active agent, for example in aerosol preparations.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is often used in cosmetics, toiletries, shampoos, soaps, lotions, and other personal care products to prevent the growth of bacteria, yeasts, and molds.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol helps extend the shelf life of these products and maintains their quality.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is used in some pharmaceutical formulations to preserve the integrity of drugs and prevent contamination by microorganisms.
This is especially important for products like eye drops, ointments, and creams.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is used in water treatment systems to control the growth of bacteria and algae in cooling towers, swimming pools, and industrial water systems.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is used in paper and pulp processing to prevent microbial growth during the papermaking process.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol can protect wood products, such as lumber and wood composites, from fungal and bacterial decay during storage and transportation.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol has been used as a preservative in certain agricultural products like fertilizers and pesticides.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol can be added to adhesives and sealants to prevent microbial growth, ensuring the longevity and quality of these products.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is used in cooling and lubricating fluids, such as metalworking fluids and cutting oils, to control bacterial and fungal growth, which can cause degradation and odor.
In the leather industry, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol can be used to inhibit microbial growth during the tanning and processing of hides and skins.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol can be used to protect wood products from fungal and bacterial decay.
In agriculture, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol has been used as a preservative for certain agricultural products, such as fertilizers and pesticides.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol can be added to adhesives and sealants to prevent microbial growth, ensuring the longevity and quality of these products.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is used in cooling and lubricating fluids, such as metalworking fluids and cutting oils, to control bacterial and fungal growth, which can cause degradation and odor.
In the leather industry, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol can be used to inhibit microbial growth during the tanning and processing of hides and skins.
While not a common use, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol has been employed in some food processing applications to control microbial contamination.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol use in the food industry is less prevalent compared to other food preservatives due to safety concerns.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol may be used in certain medical and healthcare products to prevent microbial contamination.
This includes items like contact lens solutions and some medical devices.
Some household cleaning products, including disinfectants and sanitizers, may contain 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol as an active ingredient to kill or inhibit the growth of germs and bacteria.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is used in cooling water systems, such as those in industrial facilities and power plants, to prevent microbial fouling and corrosion, which can damage equipment and reduce efficiency.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol can be added to laboratory reagents and solutions to inhibit microbial contamination and ensure the accuracy and reliability of experiments and tests.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is used in various oilfield chemicals, including drilling fluids, to control bacteria and fungi that can thrive in the harsh conditions of oil and gas wells.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol may be applied in wood processing to protect logs and timber from decay and microbial infestation during storage and transportation.
Some printing inks incorporate 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol to prevent the growth of microorganisms, ensuring the quality of printed materials.
While less common, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol has been employed in some food processing applications to control microbial contamination.
However, its use in the food industry is limited due to safety concerns.
Some household cleaning products, including disinfectants and sanitizers, may contain 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol as an active ingredient to kill or inhibit the growth of germs and bacteria.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is frequently used in cosmetics, toiletries, shampoos, soaps, lotions, and other personal care products to inhibit the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol helps extend the shelf life of these products and maintain their quality.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is used in some household and industrial mold and mildew control products, such as sprays and coatings, to prevent the growth of mold and mildew on surfaces.
In addition to its use in drilling fluids, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol can be employed in oil and gas production facilities to control microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) and maintain the integrity of pipelines and equipment.
In the pharmaceutical industry, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is employed to preserve the integrity of drugs and prevent microbial contamination in formulations like eye drops, creams, and ointments.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol has been used as reference standard in ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (UPLC-ICP-MS) method for determination of bromine containing preservatives from cosmetic products.
First synthesized in 1897, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol was primarily used as an effective preservative agent and possesses a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity and inhibits the growth of fungi and yeasts.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol can be used in the formulation of a wide variety of cosmetic and personal care products, especially in leave-on and rinse-off shampoos, creams, lotions, rinses and eye makeup to protect the product integrity by preventing or slowing bacterial growth.
Safety Profile Of 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol:
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol can be toxic to aquatic organisms and may have a negative impact on aquatic life.
When working with 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, it is crucial to follow safety precautions, including wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and safety goggles, using it in well-ventilated areas, and avoiding direct skin contact or inhalation of dust or vapors.
Due to safety concerns, regulatory authorities in some regions have imposed restrictions on the use of 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol in certain applications.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is essential to be aware of and comply with local regulations and guidelines regarding its use.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol should not be used in combination with other chemicals or products without ensuring compatibility.
Incompatibilities can lead to hazardous reactions or reduced effectiveness.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol can be irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract.
Direct contact with the skin or eyes may result in irritation, redness, and discomfort.
Some individuals may develop sensitization to 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol upon repeated exposure, which can lead to allergic reactions such as dermatitis.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol dust or aerosols can irritate the respiratory system, leading to coughing, throat irritation, and difficulty breathing.
Under certain conditions, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol can release formaldehyde, which is classified as a known carcinogen.
Formaldehyde exposure can have adverse health effects on the respiratory system and may contribute to cancer risk.
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is a biocide that can be harmful to aquatic ecosystems if released into water bodies.
