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CAS NUMBER: 104-76-7
EC NUMBER: 203-234-3
MOLECULAR FORMULA: C8H18O
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 130,23 g/mol
2-Ethyl Hexanol is mostly used in DOP (plasticizer).
2-Ethylhexanol (abbreviated 2-EH) is a branched, eight-carbon chiral alcohol.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is a colorless liquid that is poorly soluble in water but soluble in most organic solvents.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is produced on a massive scale (>2,000,000,000 kg/y) for use in numerous applications such as solvents, flavors, and fragrances and especially as a precursor for production of other chemicals such as emollients and plasticizers.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is encountered in plants, fruits, and wines.
The odor has been reported as "heavy, earthy, and slightly floral" for the R enantiomer and "a light, sweet floral fragrance" for the S enantiomer.
The branching in 2-Ethyl Hexanol inhibits crystallization.
Esters of 2-ethylhexanol are similarly affected, which together with low volatility, is the basis of applications in the production of plasticizers and lubricants, where its presence helps reduce viscosity and lower freezing points.
Because 2-ethylhexanol is a fatty alcohol, its esters have emollient properties.
Representative is the diester bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), commonly used in PVC.
The triester tris (2-Ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TOTM) is another common plasticizer produced via the esterification of three 2-ethylhexanol per trimellitic acid.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is also commonly used as a low volatility solvent.
2-Ethylhexanol can also be used as a cetane number booster when reacted with nitric acid.
2-Ethyl Hexanol also used to react with epichlorohydrin and sodium hydroxide to produce the glycidyl ether of the molecule which is used as an epoxy reactive diluent in various coatings, adhesives and sealants applications.
2-Ethyl Hexanol can be used in the development of photos, production of rubber and extraction of oil and gas.
2-Ethylhexanol is produced industrially by the aldol condensation of n-butyraldehyde, followed by hydrogenation of the resulting hydroxyaldehyde.
About 2,500,000 tons are prepared in this way annually.
The n-butyraldehyde is made by hydroformylation of propylene, either in a self-contained plant or as the first step in a fully integrated facility.
Most facilities make n-butanol and isobutanol in addition to 2-ethylhexanol.
Alcohols prepared in this way are sometimes referred to as oxo alcohols.
The overall process is very similar to that of the Guerbet reaction, by which it may also be produced.
2-ethyl hexanol appears as a dark brown liquid with an aromatic odor.
Insoluble in water and less dense than water.
Flash point between 140 - 175°F.
Contact may irritate skin, eyes and mucous membranes.
May be toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is a primary alcohol that is hexan-1-ol substituted by an ethyl group.
2-Ethyl Hexanol has a role as a volatile oil component and a plant metabolite.
2-Ethyl hexanol is an 8-carbon higher alcohol species.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is used to make the vinyl chloride plasticizer, bis(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is also used to make 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate for adhesives and paints.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is used for in numerous application such as fragrances, flavours and solvents.
Most commonly 2-Ethyl Hexanol is used in the production of other chemicals.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is suitable for use in a study to compare its susceptibilities of dynamic heat capacity and dielectric polarization under isothermal conditions.
2-Ethyl Hexanol may be used to study lipase-catalyzed transesterification (alcoholysis) of rapeseed oil and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol in the absence of solvent.
2-Ethyl Hexanol may be used in broadband dielectric spectroscopy studies of the polyalcohols- glycerol, xylitol and sorbitol.
2-Ethyl Hexanol may be used in the preparation of porous beads.
Main use of 2-ethyl hexanol is that of an intermediate under strictly controlled conditions.
Apart from this it is used in various products and processes as functional fluid, process chemical, cleaning agent and other purposes.
2-Ethylhexanol is an eight-carbon branched chain oxo alcohol having a high boiling point and slow evaporation rate.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is a versatile solvent featuring excellent reactivity as a chemical intermediate.
2-Ethyl Hexanol serves as a chain terminator in synthesizing condensation polymers and as an intermediate for plasticizers.
2-Ethylhexanol has low volatility and enhances the flow and gloss of baking enamels.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is also used as dispersing agent for pigment pastes.
2-Ethylhexanol is most commonly used in production of phthalates for rubber and plastic fabrication.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is also used as a low volatility solvent and an active component of textile finishing formulations.
2-Ethyl Hexanol (abbreviated 2-EH) is a fatty alcohol, an organic compound is a branched, eight-carbon chiral alcohol.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is a colorless liquid that is poorly soluble in water but soluble in most organic solvents.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is produced on a massive scale for use in numerous applications such as solvents, flavors, and fragrances and especially as a precursor for production of other chemicals such as emollients and plasticizers.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is encountered in natural plant fragrances, and the odor has been reported as “heavy, earthy, and slightly floral” for the R enantiomer and “a light, sweet floral fragrance” for the S enantiomer.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is miscible with most organic solvents but has very limited miscibility with water.
2-Ethylhexanol has one primary hydroxyl group.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is a colorless liquid. 2-Ethylhexanol is widely used in the production of dioctyl phthalate (vinyl applications), acrylates, 2-ethylhexyl nitrate, lubrication oil additives, mining chemicals, special plasticizers, herbicides and ester oils (non-vinyl application areas).
2-Ethyl Hexanol is a colorless liquid that is poorly soluble in water but soluble in most organic solvents.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is used numerous applications such as solvents, flavors, and fragrances and especially as a precursor for the production of other chemicals such as emollients and plasticizers.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is used in the manufacture of phthalate & sebacate plasticizer and as a solvent in paint, textile, paper coating, leather finishing, etc.
2-Ethylhexanol is the most important C8 alcohol and is used mainly in manufacturing plasticizers.
Other minor uses include the manufacturing of 2-Ethyl Hexanol, as a dispersing agent and wetting agent, as a solvent for gums and resins, as a cosolvent for nitrocellulose, and in ceramics, paper coatings, rubber latex, textiles, and fragrances.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is used as a flavor, fragrance and plasticizer.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is used to prepare diesters bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.
2-Ethyl Hexanol reacts with nitric acid and used as an octane booster.
2-Ethyl Hexanols ester, 2-ethylhexyl ester is a component of sunscreen octocrylene.
Further, 2-Ethyl Hexanol is used as a low volatility solvent for resins, animal fats, waxes, vegetable oils and petroleum derivatives.
In addition to this, 2-Ethyl Hexanol is used in plasticizer, dioctyl phthalate, which is used in the production of polyvinyl chloride products.
2‐Ethyl hexanol is absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract and skin.
Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) rapidly oxidizes the hydroxyl group in 2-ethyl hexanol, forming 2‐ethyl hexanol.
2-ethyl hexanol is further oxidized by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), forming 2‐ethyl hexanol acid , which is excreted mainly as a glucuronate conjugate in urine.
ADH activity for 2-ethyl hexanol was reported to be 8.6 nmol/ mg/min and 4.2 nmol/mg/min in humans and mice, respectively.
Furthermore, ALDH activity for 2-ethyl hexanol was 3.6 nmol/mg/min and 5.6 nmol/mg/min in humans and mice, respectively.
Within 24 hours of orally administrating 2-ethyl hexanol at 8.3 mmol/ kg, 86.9% of the compound was excreted in urine as the glucuronide conjugate metabolite.
Following oral administration at doses of up to 300 mg/ kg, 2-ethyl hexanol was efficiently absorbed in male CD rats.
Within 28 hours, 2-ethyl hexanol metabolite was excreted in exhaled breath (as CO2; 6%‐7%), feces (8%‐9%), and urine (80%‐82%).
The major urinary metabolite of 2-ethyl hexanol was 2-ethyl hexanol, generated by decarboxylation of partially β‐oxidized 2-ethyl hexanol.
The other identified metabolites were 2‐ethyl‐5‐hydroxyhexanoic acid, 2‐ ethyl‐5‐ketohexanoic acid, and 2‐ethyl‐1,6‐hexanedioic acid.
A study showed that 2-ethyl hexanol is generated from hydrolysis of 2-ethyl hexanol in an environment simulating a concrete slab with a relative humidity (RH) between 70% and 100% and pH between 11 and 13.
In the study, DEHP hydrolysis and 2-ethyl hexanol emission increased with an increase in pH.
Since 2-ethyl hexanol has a half‐life of 100 years at pH 8 and 30°C, it is hardly degraded under normal indoor environment.
Additionally, 2-ethyl hexanol on the surface of cement with higher moisture content emits higher amount of 2-ethyl hexanol.
Thus, there is very little doubt that the amount of 2-ethyl hexanol emission by DEHP is related to the moisture content of the cement with which it has direct contact.
Therefore, dampness seems to play a major role in determining the amount of 2-ethyl hexanol emitted.
A study examined the relationship between RH and 2-ethyl hexanol indoor air concentration, and showed that in buildings with RH values of 58%‐75% and 21%‐22%, the 2-ethylo hexanol indoor air concentrations are 9 μg/m3 and 3 μg/m3 , respectively.
Additionally, in a room with high amount of 2-ethyl hexanol emission, the moisture content of its concrete floor was as high as 8.2%.
However, symptoms of the nose, throat, and lower respiratory tract were observed only in rooms with high 2-ethyl hexanol concentrations.
Faculty members who used a conference room with 2-ethyl hexanol concentration of over 336 μg/m3 showed a high prevalence of such complaints.
Therefore, 2-ethyl hexanol was estimated that the threshold at which symptoms appeared excessively in a population should be in the range of 65.5‐336 μg/m3.
In Finland, several respiratory and dermal symptoms and irritation in the eyes were reported in environments with 2-ethyl hexanol concentration of 1‐4 μg/m3.
In a rehabilitation center in Sweden, where airborne concentrations of 2-ethyl hexanol were very low (0.3‐0.6 μg/m3 ), the staff who had been previously exposed to VOCs as well as 2-ethyl hexanol developed SBS symptoms after 2 days of re‐exposure regardless of a 4‐month period without VOC exposure.
In a newly built university building in Japan, as the indoor concentration of 2-ethyl hexanol decreased by ventilation, the number of occupants who complained about headache and eye irritations decreased.
At a technical university in Switzerland, employees and students had complained about deteriorated indoor air quality after the building was renovated.
2-Ethyl hexanol is an alcohol.
Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents.
They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water.
Oxidizing agents convert them to aldehydes or ketones.
Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior.
They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides.
2-Ethyl hexanol is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong acids.2-ethyl hexanol , also called octanol, is an 8-carbon higher alcohol species.
2-Ethyl hexanol is hardly soluble in water, but is soluble in almost all organic solvents.
2-Ethyl hexanol has very low-level impurities and may be used as a raw material for a wide variety of chemicals.
The largest market for 2-ethyl hexanol has been the plasticiser dioctyl phthalate (DOP) which is used in the manufacture polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products.
An issue for 2-ethyl hexanol producers is that DOP has been dogged by health hazard and environmental concerns.
In Europe, DOP and some other phthalate plasticisers have been banned in children’s articles or children’s articles that can be put in their mouths.
There are a number of other uses for 2-ethyl hexanol.
2-ethyl hexanol is used as a low volatility solvent for resins, waxes, animal fats, vegetable oils, disinfectants and insecticidal sprays, and petroleum derivatives.
2-ethyl hexonol derivatives are used as an additive for diesel fuel to reduce emissions and to improve the performance of lube oils and mining chemicals.
2-ethyl hexanol can be used in very low concentrations for aqueous anti-foam formulations used in the textiles and paper industries.
2-ethyl hexanol is used in the production of the diester of maleic acid, which is a starting material for surfactants, while it is a feedstock for 2-ethyl hexanol sulphate for use as a surfactant for electrolytes.
The general population may be exposed to 2-ethyl hexanol from inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, or dermal absorption of this compound or other products containing 2-ethyl hexanol.
Studies have reported 2-ethyl hexanol emission from various sources, such as carpets, furnitures, computers, books and food wrappings.
Building materials, such as insulation and gypsum board, wallpaper, paint, PVC flooring, and adhesives, are also sources of 2-ethyl hexanol emissions.
Several reports point out that flooring is a prominent source of 2-ethyl hexanol air pollution in buildings.
The region of the highest 2-ethyl hexanol concentrations in apartment houses was concrete slabs surface, which was directly in contact with a vinyl carpet.
In a school conference room with a 2-ethyl hexanol air concentration of 1902 µg/m3 , the rates of 2-ethyl hexanol emission from the carpet tile and concrete surface beneath the carpet were 2492 μg/h/m2 and 12,697 μg/h/ m2 , respectively, measured using the double‐cylinder chamber method.
2-ethyl hexanol was also reported that 2-ethyl hexanol concentrations in the air increased with the amount of 2-ethyl hexanol emitted from the floor.
Using the FLEC method, 2-ethyl hexanol was detected after PVC flooring was directly attached to a concrete floor60 or after PVC flooring material was tightly attached to a self‐leveling (SL) material.
The amount of 2-ethyl hexanol emission increases as the moisture content of an SL material increases.
Taken together, long‐term emission of 2-ethyl hexanol can be attributed to the hydrolysis of DEHP contained in the flooring material,supported by the fact that 2-ethyl hexanol concentration in the air decreases significantly after plastic coverings, adhesives, and leveling layers are removed from the floor, all while the rooms were warmed to 55°C and simultaneously ventilated by additional exhaust fans for a week.
Several published studies have reported on various materials that emit 2-ethyl hexanol.
We postulated, based on the amount of 2-ethyl hexanol emission from flooring that compounds containing a 2‐ethyl‐1‐hexyl moiety, such as DEHP contained in PVC, and 2‐ethy hexyl acrylate contained in adhesives, are hydrolyzed to emit 2-ethyl hexanol when the backing of carpeting material was in contact with concrete floors.
Some employees even suffered from sickness and headache.
Indoor concentration of 2-ethyl hexanol was 4‐17 µg/m3 .
As described above, there are reports which claim that 2-ethyl hexanol is present indoors, even in a general living environment.
Possibly causing irritation and inflammation in the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and nasal cavity.
However, the dose‐response relationship and the discrepancy in the lowest‐observed‐adverse‐effect‐level (LOAEL) among the countries remain to be further clarified.
Experimental inhalation or topical exposure settings To assess the acute effects of 2-ethyl hexanol, volunteers were exposed to 2-ethyl hexanol vapor (1 mg/m3 ) for 2 hours.
During exposure, the volunteers reported a significant increase in nasal and eye discomfort.
No differences in response were observed between the sexes, or between the atopic and nonatopic treatments.
Twenty‐four young men were assessed before, during, and after the 4‐hour exposure.
As 2-ethyl hexanol concentration increased in three levels, 8.14, 56.6, and 116 mg/m3 , nasal flow reduction and substance P concentration were increased.
To evaluate the effect of 2-ethyl hexanol on sensory irritation, 2-ethyl hexanol at mean concentrations of 1.5, 10, and 20 ppm (7.98, 53.2, and 106 mg/m3, respectively) were used for either constant or variable for the 4‐hour exposure.
USES:
-Main application is as a feed stock in the manufacture of low volatility esters, the most important of it is Di-Octyl Phthalate (DOP or DEHP)
-As low volatility Solvent for resins, animal fats, vegetable oils etc.
-As low-volatility ingredient in solvent blends for dye stuffs & coating industries
-Additive in dispersing & wetting agents for pigment pastes.
-Feed stock in the manufacture of Ethoxylates & extractents for heavy metals.
-Used in the production of derivatives like Di-Octyl Adipate, Di-Octyl Maleate, etc.
-Feed stock in the manufacture of 2-Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate which is used as a surfactant for Electrolytes.
-Used in the production of 2-Ethyl hexyl esters, which serves as thermal stabilizers and antioxidants/plastics.
-Used in anti-foams for almost all aqueous systems.
- Preparation Distribution Lacquers
- cleaning agents
- diluting a concentrated solution
- oil drilling fluid
- functional fluids
- laboratory chemicals
- intermediates
USAGE AREAS:
-Paints & Coatings
-Lubricants
-Research Chemicals
-Cleaning Products
-Chemical Manufacturing
APPLICATIONS:
2-Eethyl hexanol is used to make plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride.
Reaction with phthalic anhydride gives bis(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate (DOP, DEHP).
Reaction with adipic acid gives bis(2-ethyl hexyl) adipate.
Moreover, esterification with acrylic acid gives 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate for use in adhesives and paints.
On the other hand, because it can dissolve many organic materials well, 2-ethyl hexanol is widely used as a low-volatility solvent.
-Adhesives/sealants-B&C
-Ag chem solvents
-Agriculture intermediates
-Architectural coatings
-Auto OEM
-Auto refinish
-Automotive parts & accessories
-Building materials
-Construction chemicals
-Diesel imed
-Equipment & machinery
-Gasoline intermediate
-General industrial coatings
-Graphic arts
-Herbicides - intermediate for 2,4-d
-Herbicides - intermediate for other
-Industrial fuel imeds
-Lubricants
-Marine
-Paints & coatings
-Pipe non-food contact
-Plasticizer
-Process solvents
-Protective coatings
-Soap/detergents
-Wetting agent
-Wood coatings
CHARACTERISTICS:
2-Ethyl hexanol (2EH), also called octanol, is an 8-carbon higher alcohol species.
2-Ethyl hexanol is hardly soluble in water, but is soluble in almost all organic solvents.
ATTRIBUTES:
-Defoaming, wetting, and dispersing characteristics
-Excellent reactivity as an intermediate
-Improves flow and gloss in baking finishes
-Inert - Food use with limitations
-Inert - Nonfood use
-Inherently biodegradable
-Non-HAP
-Non-SARA
-Slow evaporation rate
-Very low water miscibility
PROPERTIES:
-Quality Level: 100
-vapor density: 4.49 (vs air)
-vapor pressure: 0.2 mmHg ( 20 °C)
-assay: ≥99.6%
-autoignition temp.: 550 °F
-expl. lim.: 0.88 %, 104 °F, 9.7 %, 113 °F
-refractive index: n20/D 1.431 (lit.)
-bp: 183-186 °C (lit.)
-mp: −76 °C (lit.)
-solubility: water, soluble g/L at 20 °C
FEATURES:
-Readily forms esters with various acids
-Very limited miscibility with water
-Low volatility solvent
-Enhances flow and gloss in baking finishes
-Non-HAP (Hazardous Air Pollutant) Solvent
SYNONYM:
104-76-7
1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-
2-Ethylhexyl alcohol
Ethylhexanol
xi-2-Ethyl-1-hexanol
2-ETHYL HEXANOL
CHEBI:16011
DSSTox_CID_605
DSSTox_RID_75686
DSSTox_GSID_20605
Alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl
2-Aethylhexanol
2-Aethylhexanol [German]
2-Ethyl-hexan-1-ol
Ethylhexanol, 2-
CAS-104-76-7
Exxal 8N
FEMA No. 3151
CCRIS 2292
HSDB 1118
NSC 9300
EINECS 203-234-3
BRN 1719280
AI3-00940
2-ethyhexanol
2 Ethylhexanol
2-ethyl-hexanol
2-ethylhexylalcohol
EINECS 295-250-2
Alcohols, C7-9-branched, C8-rich
2-ethyl 1-hexanol
MFCD00004746
2-ethyl hexyl alcohol
