Quick Search
EC / List no.: 200-712-3
CAS no.: 69-72-7
Mol. formula: C7H6O3
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is an organic compound with the formula HOC6H4CO2H.
A colorless, bitter-tasting solid, it is a precursor to and a metabolite of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid).
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is a plant hormone and has been listed by the EPA Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Substance Inventory as an experimental teratogen.
The name is from Latin salix for willow tree.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is an ingredient in some anti-acne products.
Salts and esters of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) are known as salicylates.
Medical uses
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is used as a medicine to help remove the outer layer of the skin.
As such it is used to treat warts, skin tags, calluses, psoriasis, dandruff, acne, ringworm, and ichthyosis.
For conditions other than warts, it is often used together with other medications.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is applied to the area affected.
Side effects include skin irritation and salicylate poisoning.
Salicylate poisoning tends to only occur when applied to a large area and in children.
Use is thus not recommended in children less than two years old.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) comes in a number of different strengths.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is also available mixed with coal tar, zinc oxide, or benzoic acid.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) as a medication is used to help remove the outer layer of the skin.
As such it is used to treat warts, calluses, psoriasis, dandruff, acne, ringworm, and ichthyosis.
Because of its effect on skin cells, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is used in some shampoos to treat dandruff.
In modern medicine, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) and its derivatives are constituents of some "skin-reddening" products.
Uses in manufacturing
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is used as a food preservative, a bactericide, and an antiseptic.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is used in the production of other pharmaceuticals, including 4-aminosalicylic acid, sandulpiride, and landetimide (via salethamide).
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) has long been a key starting material for making acetyl2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) (aspirin).
Aspirin (acetyl2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) or ASA) is prepared by the esterification of the phenolic hydroxyl group of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) with the acetyl group from acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride.
ASA is the standard to which all the other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are compared.
In veterinary medicine, this group of drugs is mainly used for the treatment of inflammatory musculoskeletal disorders.
Bismuth subsalicylate, a salt of bismuth and salicylic acid, is the active ingredient in stomach-relief aids such as Pepto-Bismol, is the main ingredient of Kaopectate, and "displays anti-inflammatory action (due to salicylic acid) and also acts as an antacid and mild antibiotic".
Other derivatives include methyl salicylate used as a liniment to soothe joint and muscle pain and choline salicylate used topically to relieve the pain of mouth ulcers.
Amino2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is used to induce remission in ulcerative colitis and has been used as an antitubercular agent often administered in association with isoniazid.
Sodium salicylate is a useful phosphor in the vacuum ultraviolet spectral range, with nearly flat quantum efficiency for wavelengths between 10 and 100 nm.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) fluoresces in the blue at 420 nm.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is easily prepared on a clean surface by spraying a saturated solution of the salt in methanol followed by evaporation.
Mechanism of action
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) modulates COX-1 enzymatic activity to decrease the formation of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins.
Salicylate may competitively inhibit prostaglandin formation.
Salicylate's antirheumatic (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory) actions are a result of its analgesic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) works by causing the cells of the epidermis to slough off more readily, preventing pores from clogging up, and allowing room for new cell growth.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) inhibits the oxidation of uridine-5-diphosphoglucose (UDPG) competitively with nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide and noncompetitively with UDPG.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) also competitively inhibits the transferring of the glucuronyl group of uridine-5-phosphoglucuronic acid to the phenolic acceptor.
The wound-healing retardation action of salicylates is probably due mainly to its inhibitory action on mucopolysaccharide synthesis.
Production and chemical reactions
Biosynthesis
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is biosynthesized from the amino acid phenylalanine.
In Arabidopsis thaliana, it can be synthesized via a phenylalanine-independent pathway.
Industrial synthesis
Sodium salicylate is commercially prepared by treating sodium phenolate (the sodium salt of phenol) with carbon dioxide at high pressure (100 atm) and high temperature (115 °C) – a method known as the Kolbe-Schmitt reaction.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) can also be prepared by the hydrolysis of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) or methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen) with a strong acid or base.
Reactions
Upon heating, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) converts to phenyl salicylate:
2 HOC6H4CO2H → C6H5O2C6H4OH + CO2 + H2O
Further heating gives xanthone.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) as its conjugate base is a chelating agent, with an affinity for iron(III).
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) slowly degrades to phenol and carbon dioxide at 200–230 °C:
C6H4OH(CO2H) → C6H5OH + CO2
History
Willow has long been used for medicinal purposes.
Dioscorides, whose writings were highly influential for more than 1,500 years, used 'Itea' (which was possibly a species of willow) as a treatment for 'painful intestinal obstructions,' birth control, for 'those who spit blood,' to remove calluses and corns and, externally, as a 'warm pack for gout.'
William Turner, in 1597, repeated this, saying that willow bark, 'being burnt to ashes, and steeped in vinegar, takes away corns and other like risings in the feet and toes.
Some of these cures may describe the action of salicylic acid, which can be derived from the salicin present in willow.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is, however, a modern myth that ancient herbalists used willow as a painkiller.
Hippocrates, Galen, Pliny the Elder, and others knew that willow bark could ease pain and reduce fevers.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) was used in Europe and China to treat these conditions.
This remedy is mentioned in texts from Ancient Egypt, Sumer, and Assyria.
The Cherokee and other Native Americans use an infusion of the bark for fever and other medicinal purposes.
In 2014, archaeologists identified traces of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) on seventh-century pottery fragments found in east-central Colorado.
The Reverend Edward Stone, a vicar from Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire, England, reported in 1763 that the bark of the willow was effective in reducing a fever.
An extract of Willow bark, called salicin, after the Latin name for the white willow (Salix alba), was isolated and named by German chemist Johann Andreas Buchner in 1828.
A larger amount of the substance was isolated in 1829 by Henri Leroux, a French pharmacist.
Raffaele Piria, an Italian chemist, was able to convert the substance into a sugar and a second component, which on oxidation becomes salicylic acid.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) was also isolated from the herb meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria, formerly classified as Spiraea ulmaria) by German researchers in 1839.
Their extract caused digestive problems such as gastric irritation, bleeding, diarrhea, and even death when consumed in high doses.
In 1874 the Scottish physician Thomas MacLagan experimented with salicin as a treatment for acute rheumatism, with considerable success, as he reported in The Lancet in 1876.
Meanwhile, German scientists tried sodium salicylate with less success and more severe side effects.
In 1979, salicylates were found to be involved in induced defenses of tobacco against the tobacco mosaic virus.
In 1987, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) was identified as the long-sought signal that causes thermogenic plants, such as the voodoo lily, and Sauromatum guttatum, to produce heat.
The Greek physician Hippocrates wrote in the 5th century BC about a bitter powder extracted from willow bark that could ease aches and pains and reduce fevers .
This remedy was also mentioned in texts from ancient Sumer , Lebanon , and As syria .
The active extract of the bark, called salicin, after the Latin name for the white willow (Salix alba), was isolated and named by the German chemist Johann Andreas Buchner in 1826. Raffaele Piria, an Italian chemist was able to convert the substance into a sugar and a second component, which on oxidation becomes salicylic acid.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) was also isolated from the herb meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria, formerly classified as Spiraea ulmaria) by German researchers in 1839. While their extract was somewhat effective, it also caused digestive problems such as gastric irritation, bleeding, diarrhea, and even death when consumed in high doses.
Dietary sources
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) occurs in plants as free 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) and its carboxylated esters and phenolic glycosides.
Several studies suggest that humans metabolize 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) in measurable quantities from these plants.
High-salicylate beverages and foods include beer, coffee, tea, numerous fruits and vegetables, sweet potato, nuts, and olive oil.
Meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, sugar, bread, and cereals have low salicylate content.
Some people with sensitivity to dietary salicylates may have symptoms of an allergic reaction, such as bronchial asthma, rhinitis, gastrointestinal disorders, or diarrhea, so may need to adopt a low-salicylate diet.
Plant hormone
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is a phenolic phytohormone and is found in plants with roles in plant growth and development, photosynthesis, transpiration, and ion uptake and transport.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is involved in endogenous signaling, mediating plant defense against pathogens.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) plays a role in the resistance to pathogens (i.e. systemic acquired resistance) by inducing the production of pathogenesis-related proteins and other defensive metabolites.
Pathogen inoculation did not produce the customarily high SA levels, SAR was not produced, and no PR genes were expressed in systemic leaves.
Indeed, the subjects were more susceptible to virulent – and even normally avirulent – pathogens.
Exogenously, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) can aid plant development via enhanced seed germination, bud flowering, and fruit ripening, though too high of a concentration of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) can negatively regulate these developmental processes.
The volatile methyl ester of salicylic acid, methyl salicylate, can also diffuse through the air, facilitating plant-plant communication.
Methyl salicylate is taken up by the stomata of the nearby plant, where it can induce an immune response after being converted back to salicylic acid.
Signal transduction
A number of proteins have been identified that interact with SA in plants, especially salicylic acid-binding proteins (SABPs) and the NPR genes (Nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes), which are putative receptors.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is an important organic synthetic raw material, widely used in medicine, pesticides, dyes, rubber, food, and perfumes.
In the pharmaceutical industry, the main drug productions of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) are sodium salicylate, wintergreen oil (methyl salicylate), aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), and 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) amine, phenyl salicylate.
In the dye industry, it is used to producepure morda yellow , direct yellow 3GN, direct yellow GR, direct brown 3GN, acid mordant brown G, acid mordant yellow GG, acid yellow dye complex.
In pesticide production, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is used for the synthesis of organic phosphorus pesticide Isocarbophos, intermediate isopropyl salicylate isofenphos methyl and Rodenticide warfarin, coumatetralyl intermediate 4-hydroxycoumarin.
In rubber industry, it is used as anti scorching agent and production of ultraviolet absorbent and foaming agent.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is perfume material, used for the preparation of methyl salicylate, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) ethyl ester; food preservatives, its sodium Salt is mostly used, now a number of countries have been banned; methyl salicylate can be used as oral cleaning agents, such as toothpaste flavor.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) has sterilization ability, 2.5% alcohol solution (called spiritus) is used as a topical medicine in the treatment of tinea manus and tinea pedis, also can be made into ointment.
Sodium salicylate can be used for food preservative or preservatives, also can be used for the preparation of toothpaste, mouthwash.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) has antipyretic and analgesic effects, can cure rheumatism and so on.
It's all esters can be used as drug and spices.
Methyl salicylate has pleasant aromas of holly, is used for the preparation of perfume and soap flavor.
The methyl salicylate is coated on the skin, can penetrate into the muscle and let out of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) to release local pain, so it also can be used for the treatment of pain, contusion, sprain and other medication.
Isoamyl salicylate has orchid aroma, benzyl salicylate has weak ester aroma, both can prepare perfume or soap flavor.
The common name of phenyl salicylate is Salo, was hydrolyzed into phenol and 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) in the intestine , is a kind of effective enteral preservatives.
Another Kind drug related to 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is para amino2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) (PAS, see "Para amino salicylic acid), Its sodium and calcium salts are used as anti TB drugs for acute exudative pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and mucosal tuberculosis, is a weak antimicrobial drug, the effect is only 2% of streptomycin, often combined with streptomycin and isoniazid , in order to enhance the curative effect.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) can be acetylated to the aspirin.
Chemical Properties
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is a white powder with an acrid taste that is stable in air but gradually discolored by light.
Soluble in acetone, oil of turpentine, alcohol, ether,benzene; slightly soluble in water,and combustible.
Derived by reacting a hot solution of sodium phenolate with carbon dioxide and acidifying the sodium salt thus formed.
Used in the manufacture of aspirin and salicylates, resins, dyestuff intermediate, prevulcanization inhibitor, analytical reagent,and fungicide.
Benefits for Skin
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is a beta hydroxy acid that also sloughs dead cell buildup within the follicle, acts as a mild antibacterial, and has soothing properties.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is regarded to be less irritating than benzoyl peroxide and has less allergy potential, but it is also less aggressive in treating acne.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is often used for treating milder forms of acne.
The concentration in OTC drugs is limited to 2 percent.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is also used as a performance ingredient exfoliant in smaller concentrations, without making a drug claim.
Application
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is widely used, eczema, psoriasis, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) can be used in acne, dandruff.
The concentration of 3%~6% can be used to horny, higher than 6% of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) can damage to tissue .
Below 40% of concentration is suitable for the treatment of thick cocoon, corns and warts.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) can also be added in the treatment of acne and dandruff. Nowadays many famous cosmetic ingredients: in 1993, Clinique first launched 1% 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) in soft water cream, immediately became one of Clinique's most successful products; In 1998, SK-II crystal induced skin cream added 1.5%BHA ingredients to the original, and 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) has effect of treatment pores and cutin like the egg peeling analogy that caused the market boom; open access Olay popular products activating cream also contains 1.5% BHA components.
However, due to the high concentration of salicylic acid, it has a certain degree of damage, cosmetics containing 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) concentration has generally been limited between 0.2%~1.5%, containing 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) cosmetics shall be added to the note of warning signs to determine the safety of long-term use and children under 3 years of age also shall not be used.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is known for its ability to ease aches and pains and reduce fevers.
These medicinal properties, particularly fever relief, have been known since ancient times, and it is used as an anti-inflammatory drug.
In modern medicine, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) and its derivatives are used as constituents of some rubefacient products.
For example, methyl salicylate is used as a liniment to soothe joint and muscle pain and choline salicylate is used topically to relieve the pain of mouth ulcers.
As with other beta hydroxy acids, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is a key ingredient in many skin-care products for the treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis, acne, psoriasis, calluses, corns, keratosis pilaris, and warts.
Although toxic in large quantities, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is used as a food preservative and as a bactericidal and antiseptic. For some people with salicylate sensitivity, even these small doses can be harmful.
Sodium salicylate is a useful phosphor in the vacuum ultraviolet with nearly flat quantum efficiency for wavelengths between 10 to 100 nm. 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) fluoresces in the blue at 420 nm.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is easily prepared on a clean surface by spraying a saturated solution of the salt in methanol followed by evaporation.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is an FDA-approved skincare ingredient used for the topical treatment of acne, and it's the only beta-hydroxy acid (BHA) used in skin care products.
+Perfect for oily skin, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is best known for its ability to deep clean excess oil out of pores and reduce oil production moving forward.
Because 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) keeps pores clean and unclogged, it prevents future whiteheads and blackheads from developing.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) also exfoliates dead skin, and its anti-inflammatory properties make it a prime ingredient for those with psoriasis.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) naturally occurs in willow bark, sweet birch bark, and wintergreen leaves, but synthetic versions are also used in skin care products.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is a beta-hydroxy acid with keratolytic and antiinflammatory activity. 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) helps dissolve the top layer of stratum corneum cells, improving the look and feel of the skin. 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is an effective ingredient in acne products and as such is widely used in acne soaps and lotions.
Because it is lipid soluble, it can more easily reduce sebaceous follicle blockage by penetrating the pores and exfoliating the cellular buildup.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is antimicrobial, anti-septic, enhances the activity of preservatives, and can be used to adjust the pH of products.
For the treatment of aging skin, it appears to help improve skin wrinkles, roughness, and tone. In addition, it is a useful ingredient for products formulated to treat psoriasis, callouses, corns, and warts-cases where there is a buildup of dead skin cells.
When applied topically, it is reported to penetrate 3 to 4 mm into the epidermis.
A small amount of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) can convert to copper salicylate, a powerful anti-inflammatory. used at high concentrations, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) may cause skin redness and rashes.
This is a naturally occurring organic acid, related to aspirin.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is found in some plants, particularly the leaves of wintergreen, willow bark, and the bark of sweet birch.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is also synthetically manufactured.
Methods of production
1. The phenol and sodium hydroxide react to produce phenol sodium, distillation and dehydration, CO2 carboxylation reaction to obtain sodium salicylate, then using sulfuric acid and produce crude product.
The crude product through the sublimation refined to the finished product. Raw materials consumption quota: phenol (98%) 704kg/t, alkali burn (95%) 417kg/t, sulfate (95%) 500kg/t, carbon dioxide (99%) 467kg/t.
2.The preparation method of the method is that the sodium salt of phenol and carbon dioxide can be obtained by acidification.
phenol and liquid caustic soda are produced into solution of the sodium salt of phenol, vacuum drying, and then to 100℃, slowly put to the dry carbon dioxide, when the pressure reaches 0.7~0.8MPa, stop passing carbon dioxide, warming up to 140 to 180℃.
After the reaction with water, sodium salicylate dissolved and decolorization, filtering, coupled with the sulfuric acid, namely precipitation salicylic acid, after filtering, washing and drying to obtain the product.
Description
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) (from Latin salix, willow tree, from the bark of which the substance used to be obtained) is a mono hydroxy benzoic acid, a type of phenolic acid and a beta hydroxy acid.
This colorless crystalline organic acid is widely used in organic synthesis and functions as a plant hormone.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is derived from the metabolism of salicin.
In addition to being an important active metabolite of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), which acts in part as a prod rug to salicylic acid, it is probably best known for its use in anti-acne treatments. The salts and esters of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) are known as salicylates.
Chemical Properties
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) has the formula C6H4(OH) COOH, where the OH group is ortho to the carboxyl group. 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is also known as 2- hydroxybenzoic acid.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is poorly soluble in water (2 g / L at 20 °C).
Aspirin (acetyl 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) or ASA) can be prepared by the esterification of the phenolic hydroxyl group of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) with the acetyl group from acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride.
Physical properties
Salicylic acid.
Appearance: white crystalline powder.
Solubility:
Absolutely soluble in ethanol, soluble in ether and chloroform, slightly soluble in water and anhydrous ether.
Stability: Stable at room temperature, discomposes into phenol and carbon dioxide after rapidly heated.
It’s partially acidic.
Appearance: white crystal and decomposes at 136–140? °C.
Melting point: 136?°C.?Aspirin is the acetyl derivative of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) with weak acidity.
Its acidity coefficient is 3.5 at 25?°C. Stability: Aspirin decomposes rapidly in ammonium acetate, alkali metal of acetate, carbonate, citrate or hydroxide solutions.
There are two crystal forms of aspirin including crystal form I and II.
Occurrence
Unripe fruits and vegetables are natural sources of salicylic acid, particularly blackberries, blueberries, cantaloupes, dates, raisins, kiwi fruits, guavas, apricots, green pepper, olives, tomatoes, radish and chicory, also mushrooms.
Some herbs and spices contain quite high amounts, although meat, poultry, fish, eggs and dairy products all have little to no salicylates.
Of the legumes, seeds, nuts, and cereals, only almonds, water chestnuts and peanuts have significant amounts.
About 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid)
Helpful information
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Biocidal Uses
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is being reviewed for use as a biocide in the EEA and/or Switzerland, for: disinfection, veterinary hygiene, food and animals feeds.
Consumer Uses
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, washing & cleaning products, air care products, polishes and waxes and perfumes and fragrances.
Other release to the environment of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.
Article service life
Other release to the environment of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)).
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) can be found in products with material based on: rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys).
Widespread uses by professional workers
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is used in the following products: fertilisers, laboratory chemicals, cosmetics and personal care products, pH regulators and water treatment products and pharmaceuticals. 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing, health services and scientific research and development. 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals. Other release to the environment of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
Formulation or re-packing
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, laboratory chemicals, perfumes and fragrances and fertilisers.
Release to the environment of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.
Uses at industrial sites
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals, polymers, pH regulators and water treatment products, metal surface treatment products, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics and personal care products.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is used in the following areas: health services, mining and scientific research and development.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and rubber products.
Release to the environment of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) can occur from industrial use: as processing aid, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and in the production of articles.
Other release to the environment of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) is likely to occur from: outdoor use as processing aid.
Manufacture
Release to the environment of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
IUPAC NAMES:
2-hydroxy benzoic acid
2-hydroxy-benzoic acid
2-Hydroxybenzenecarboxylic acid
2-Hydroxybenzoesäure
2-Hydroxybenzoic Acid
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid
2-hydroxybenzoic acid
Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-
o-Hydroxybenzoic acid
SALICYLIC ACID
Salicylic Acid
Salicylic acid
salicylic acid
Salicylic acid
salicylic acid
Salicylsaeure
Szalicilsav
SYNONYMS:
2-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID
ACIDUM SALICYLICUM
ACETYLSALISYLIC ACID IMP C
ACETYL2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) IMPURITY C
FEMA 3985
SALICYCLIC ACID
SALICYLIC ACID
RETARDER TSA
RETARDER W
RARECHEM AL BO 0194
O-OXYBENZOIC ACID
O-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID
2-Carboxyphenol
2-Hydroxybenzenecarboxylic acid
Acido salicilico
Liposomal Salicylic Acid,Water-Soluble Supramolecular Salicylic Acid
shuiyangsui
Soluble SALICYLIC ACID, Liposomal SALICYLIC ACID, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) NanoEmulsion, NanoActive SALICYLIC ACID
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) , BP / USP GRADE
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) COSMATIC GRADE
2-Hydroxybenzoic Acid/Salicylic Acid
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) (Pharm)
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) (Sublimed)
Salicylic Acid(Tech)
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) o-Hydroxybenzoic acid 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) USP (CHINESE)
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) FREE ACID PLANT CELL*CULT URE TESTED
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) 99+%
SALICYLIC ACID, REAGENTPLUS, >=99%
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) EXTRA PURE, DAB, PH. EUR.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) 99+% A.C.S. REAGENT
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) pure
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) extrapure AR
Silica Gel, 60-200 Mesh (grade 62)
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid,sublimation
Salicylic acid,sublimation
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid, Acidum salicylicum
Salicylic Acid, Crystal, Reagent
acidoo-idrossibenzoico
acidosalicilico
Advanced pain relief callus removers
Advanced pain relief corn removers
Benzoic acid, o-hydroxy-
benzoicacid,2-hydroxy-
Clear away wart remover
component of Domerine
component of Fostex medicated bar and cream
component of Keralyt
component of Pernox
component of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) & sulfur soap
component of Sebucare
component of Sebulex
component of Solarcaine first aid spray
component of Tinver
Compound W
Dr. Scholl's callus removers
Dr. Scholl's corn removers
Dr. Scholl's wart remover kit
