Quick Search
DESCRİPTİON
(3-Glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane/Silane Coupling Agent is an organosilicon compound with the chemical formula C9H20O4Si.
(3-Glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane/Silane Coupling Agent is commonly used as a silane coupling agent and is known for its ability to bond organic materials (such as polymers) to inorganic materials (like glass, metals, and ceramics).
CAS NUMBER : 2530-83-8
SYNONYMS
Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane,3-Glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane,Gamma-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane,γ-Glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane,3-(Glycidyloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane,Silane coupling agent 3-Glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane
(3-Glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, commonly abbreviated as GPTMS, is a versatile silane coupling agent widely used in various industrial and scientific applications.
(3-Glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane/Silane Coupling Agent is a bifunctional molecule, featuring both an epoxy group and a silane group, making it a key compound for modifying surfaces and creating hybrid materials with enhanced properties.
This article provides a detailed review of GPTMS, covering its chemical structure, synthesis methods, properties, applications, and future prospects.
CHEMİCAL STRUCTURE AND MOLECULAR PROPERTİES
STRUCTURE OF GPTMS
The chemical structure of (3-Glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane consists of a three-part system:
A glycidyloxy group (an epoxide group) that is reactive towards nucleophiles, particularly amines and hydroxyl groups.
A propyl spacer linking the glycidyloxy group to the silane group.
A trimethoxysilane group, which contains a silicon atom bonded to three methoxy groups, capable of reacting with hydroxyl groups on surfaces or other silica-containing materials.
The molecular formula of GPTMS is C9H20O4Si, and its structure can be represented as:
CH2=CH-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-CH2-Si(OCH3)3
Where:
The glycidyloxypropyl group (-CH2-CH2-CH2-O-) contains a glycidyl group (epoxide), providing reactivity.
The trimethoxysilane group (-Si(OCH3)3) is capable of bonding to substrates like glass, ceramics, and metals.
PHYSİCAL PROPERTİES
GPTMS is a colorless liquid with a boiling point of 206–208 °C and a molecular weight of approximately 208.3 g/mol.
(3-Glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane/Silane Coupling Agent is soluble in organic solvents such as alcohols, ethers, and acetone.
However, it is typically insoluble in water due to the hydrophobic nature of the silane group.
REACTİVİTY
The glycidyl group in GPTMS undergoes nucleophilic addition reactions, where the epoxide ring can be opened by various nucleophilic species, such as amines, alcohols, and thiols.
This reactivity is crucial for its applications in surface modification, adhesion promotion, and as a crosslinking agent in polymer systems.
SYNTHESİS METHODS
Synthesis via Epoxidation of Allyltrimethoxysilane
One common method for synthesizing (3Glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane involves the epoxidation of allyltrimethoxysilane with peracid.
The reaction proceeds as follows:
Allyltrimethoxysilane (C3H6Si(OCH3)3) undergoes reaction with a peracid (such as m-chloroperbenzoic acid) to form the epoxide group at the allyl position, yielding GPTMS.
REACTİON:
CH2=CH-CH2-Si(OCH3)3+Peracid→(3-Glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilaneCH 2=CH-CH 2-Si(OCH 3)3
+Peracid→(3-Glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane
This method is widely adopted due to its straightforwardness and efficiency, producing high-purity GPTMS suitable for industrial applications.
OTHER METHODS
Another synthetic approach involves the direct alkylation of 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane with epichlorohydrin, followed by nucleophilic substitution. The chloropropyl group is substituted by the epoxide group under basic conditions.
APPLİCATİONS OF GPTMS
SURFACE MODİFİCATİON AND ADHESİON PROMOTİON
GPTMS is primarily used as a surface modifier in materials such as glass, ceramics, and metals.
The silane group in GPTMS reacts with hydroxyl groups on the substrate surface, forming covalent bonds.
The epoxide group, on the other hand, is reactive toward other functional groups, enhancing the bonding between the substrate and a wide variety of organic materials.
Glass fiber reinforcement: GPTMS is commonly used in composite materials to improve the adhesion between glass fibers and polymer matrices, enhancing mechanical properties like strength and durability.
Coatings: In paint and coatings, GPTMS helps improve the adhesion of the coating to substrates, especially in the automotive and construction industries.
3.2 POLYMER AND COMPOSİTE MANUFACTURİNG
GPTMS is often used in the synthesis of silane-modified polymers and composites.
By incorporating GPTMS into polymer systems, it is possible to increase the material's resistance to environmental factors, such as humidity and temperature fluctuations.
GPTMS can also act as a crosslinking agent in polymer systems, enhancing their mechanical properties.
Crosslinking agent in epoxy resins: The epoxy group in GPTMS can undergo curing reactions with hardeners or amines, improving the overall performance of epoxy-based adhesives, coatings, and composites.
Polymer nanocomposites: GPTMS is used to functionalize nanoparticles (such as silica or clay) to improve dispersion in polymer matrices, thereby enhancing the properties of the final nanocomposite.
USE İN SİLİCA AND SİLİCATE MATERİALS
GPTMS is often employed to modify the surface of silica or silicate materials.
This is particularly useful in the production of silica-based composites, where GPTMS can bond to the silica surface through the silane group, while the glycidyl group provides a point of reactivity for further functionalization.
Silica nanoparticle functionalization: The silane group of GPTMS reacts with hydroxyl groups on the surface of silica nanoparticles, enabling the functionalization of these nanoparticles for use in drug delivery, sensors, and nanocatalysis.
Silica sol-gel process: GPTMS can be used in the sol-gel process to produce hybrid organic-inorganic materials, where the epoxy group allows the incorporation of organic functionality into the silica matrix.
USE İN MEDİCİNE AND BİOTECHNOLOGY
The reactivity of the epoxide group makes GPTMS useful in biotechnology for bioconjugation, where the epoxide can react with a variety of biomolecules such as proteins, antibodies, or nucleic acids.
Biomedical applications: GPTMS is employed in the functionalization of surfaces for applications in biosensors, bioassays, and drug delivery systems.
The epoxy group can conjugate bioactive molecules to surfaces, improving their interaction with biological systems.
INDUSTRİAL APPLİCATİONS
In various industrial fields, GPTMS serves as a silane coupling agent to improve the adhesion and mechanical properties of materials, including:
Rubber: It is used in the manufacture of silica-filled rubber to improve dispersion and reinforce the material.
Adhesives: GPTMS improves the bonding strength between different materials, making it valuable in industries such as automotive, electronics, and packaging.
MECHANİSMS OF ACTİON
The effectiveness of GPTMS in many applications is largely due to its ability to form covalent bonds with various substrates.
The general mechanism of GPTMS adhesion to surfaces involves the following steps:
Hydrolysis of the silane group: The methoxy groups of GPTMS react with water (from the substrate or the environment) to form silanol groups (-SiOH), which are more reactive and can bond to hydroxyl groups on the surface.
Condensation reaction: The silanol groups formed through hydrolysis can further condense with other silanol groups, forming a covalent bond with the substrate.
Reaction of the epoxide group: The epoxide group in GPTMS is highly reactive towards nucleophiles (e.g., amines, alcohols, and thiols), allowing it to crosslink with various materials, thus improving adhesion and enhancing material properties.
SAFETY CONSİDERATİONS
While GPTMS is a widely used chemical, its handling requires caution.
The epoxide group can be irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system, and direct contact should be avoided.
Personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves and goggles, should be used when working with GPTMS.
Additionally, GPTMS may undergo hydrolysis over time, releasing methanol as a byproduct, which can also be harmful.
FUTURE DİRECTİONS AND INNOVATİONS
The demand for advanced materials and hybrid systems continues to grow, driving interest in silane coupling agents like GPTMS.
Some promising areas for future research and application include:
Nanomaterials: GPTMS's ability to functionalize nanoparticles could lead to new applications in nanotechnology, particularly in sensors, energy storage, and catalysis.
Sustainable and Green Chemistry: Researchers are exploring environmentally friendly methods of synthesizing GPTMS and other silane-based materials, aligning with the growing demand for sustainable chemical processes.
Biomedical Engineering: The future use of GPTMS in drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, and biosensors holds significant potential, especially in the realm of personalized medicine.
(3-Glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane is a highly functional silane compound with a wide array of applications across industries ranging from materials science to biotechnology.
Its unique structure, featuring both a reactive epoxy group and a silane group, allows for exceptional surface modification, crosslinking, and adhesion promotion.
As new applications are discovered, GPTMS will continue to be a critical component in the development of innovative materials and technologies.
SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT (3-GLYCİDYLOXYPROPYL)TRİMETHOXYSİLANE /SILANE COUPLING AGENT
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:
If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.
If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas
Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.
Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.
Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials
Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.
Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.
If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.
Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product
