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3-Pyridinecarboxamide is a water-soluble pyridine carboxamide commonly known as nicotinamide or niacinamide.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide is the amide form of nicotinic acid and a biologically active form of vitamin B3.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide is used in nutritional, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, biochemical, animal-feed and chemical-synthesis applications.
CHEMICAL IDENTITY AND COMMON NAMES
3-Pyridinecarboxamide contains a pyridine ring bearing a carboxamide group at the 3-position.
The pyridine nitrogen and carboxamide group provide strong hydrogen-bonding capacity and high compatibility with aqueous systems.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide is chemically distinct from nicotinic acid, nicethamide, picolinamide and isonicotinamide.
These substances have different structures, functions and application profiles and must not be treated as interchangeable materials.
Common Name: Nicotinamide
Cosmetic Ingredient Name: Niacinamide
Chemical Family: Pyridine carboxamides
Vitamin Classification: Water-soluble vitamin B3 form
Synonyms: Nicotinamide, Niacinamide, Pyridine-3-carboxamide, 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid amide, Pyridine-3-carboxylic acid amide, Nicotinic acid amide, Nicotinic amide, Nicotamide, Nicotylamide, 3-Carbamoylpyridine, Pyridine, 3-carbamoyl-, 3-(Aminocarbonyl)pyridine, beta-Pyridinecarboxamide, β-Pyridinecarboxamide, Niacin amide, Vitamin B3 amide, Vitamin PP amide, Amide PP, Nicotinamidum, Nicotinamid, Niacinamid, Nikotinamid, Nicotinsäureamid, Nikotinsaeureamid and NAM
TECHNICAL IDENTIFICATION
CAS Number: 98-92-0
EC Number: 202-713-4
Molecular Formula: C6H6N2O
Molecular Weight: 122.13 g/mol
IUPAC Name: Pyridine-3-carboxamide
InChIKey: DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
UNII: 25X51I8RD4
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Appearance: White to almost white crystalline powder, crystals or crystalline granules
Physical State: Solid
Odour: Odourless or nearly odourless
Melting Point: Approximately 128–131 °C
Density: Approximately 1.40 g/cm³
Water Solubility: Freely soluble, with solubility around 619 g/L at 20 °C
Ethanol Solubility: Soluble
Glycerol Solubility: Soluble
Ether Solubility: Slightly soluble
pH: Approximately 6.0–7.5 for a 50 g/L aqueous solution
pKa: Approximately 3.3 for the conjugate acid
LogP: Approximately −0.4
Vapour Pressure: Negligible at ambient temperature
Hygroscopicity: Low under normal storage conditions
Flammability: Combustible organic solid
Thermal Decomposition: Carbon oxides and nitrogen oxides may form under severe heating or fire conditions
The high water solubility of 3-Pyridinecarboxamide facilitates the preparation of aqueous concentrates, nutritional premixes and liquid formulations.
The limited affinity of 3-Pyridinecarboxamide for nonpolar media restricts direct incorporation into anhydrous oils and similar systems.
FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS
3-Pyridinecarboxamide functions as a precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate.
These coenzymes participate in cellular energy production, oxidation-reduction reactions and carbohydrate, lipid and amino-acid metabolism.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide also contributes to biochemical processes associated with cellular signalling, biosynthesis and DNA maintenance.
Unlike nicotinic acid, 3-Pyridinecarboxamide does not normally produce the same vasodilatory flushing response and is not an interchangeable lipid-modifying form of vitamin B3.
The pyridine nitrogen, carbonyl oxygen and amide hydrogen of 3-Pyridinecarboxamide support hydrogen-bond formation.
These characteristics enable hydrotropic behaviour, molecular-complex formation and specialized use as a pharmaceutical cocrystal coformer.
PRODUCTION AND COMMERCIAL FORM
Industrial production of 3-Pyridinecarboxamide commonly begins with the ammoxidation of 3-picoline to produce 3-cyanopyridine.
Selective hydration of the nitrile group subsequently converts 3-cyanopyridine into 3-Pyridinecarboxamide.
Modern production frequently employs nitrile-hydratase biocatalysis because this route provides high selectivity and limits further hydrolysis to nicotinic acid.
Controlled chemical hydration can also produce 3-Pyridinecarboxamide when reaction conditions and impurity formation are carefully managed.
The production solution is clarified, concentrated and crystallized before filtration, washing and drying.
Milling, sieving or granulation provides the required particle size, flow behaviour and dissolution profile.
Commercial forms of 3-Pyridinecarboxamide include fine crystalline powder, free-flowing powder and low-dust granules.
Granular material is especially suitable for feed premixes and large-scale dry blending where dust control and resistance to segregation are important.
APPLICATIONS AND INDUSTRIES
Food fortification
3-Pyridinecarboxamide serves as a nutritional source of niacin in fortified foods, cereal products, flour, rice, pasta, beverage powders and meal replacements.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide supports uniform vitamin distribution because its high water solubility facilitates incorporation into dry premixes and liquid food systems.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide finds application in nutritional preparations intended to maintain an appropriate dietary supply of vitamin B3.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide requires food-grade purity, controlled contaminants and suitable microbiological quality for these applications.
Dietary supplements
3-Pyridinecarboxamide is incorporated into tablets, capsules, powders, effervescent products, gummies and liquid multivitamin preparations.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide provides a non-flushing nutritional form of vitamin B3 for appropriately formulated supplement products.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide enables the preparation of concentrated vitamin premixes because only a small volume of water is required for dissolution.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide also supports combination products containing other water-soluble vitamins, minerals and nutritional ingredients.
Animal nutrition
3-Pyridinecarboxamide functions as a vitamin source in premixes, compound feed, pet food and drinking-water supplementation.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide supports normal nutrient metabolism across animal-nutrition applications when incorporated at the authorized nutritional level.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide is available in powder and granular forms that accommodate different mixing and conveying systems.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide granules provide improved flow, reduced dust generation and more consistent distribution in large-volume feed production.
Pharmaceutical preparations
3-Pyridinecarboxamide is employed in vitamin tablets, capsules, oral powders, liquid preparations and multivitamin medicines.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide is also used in authorized preparations intended to prevent or correct niacin deficiency.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide pharmaceutical grades require controlled related substances, elemental impurities, residual solvents and microbiological quality.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide intended for parenteral or other high-control applications requires additional bioburden, endotoxin and sterility provisions appropriate to the dosage form.
Cosmetics and personal care
3-Pyridinecarboxamide is incorporated into serums, creams, lotions, gels, toners, cleansers, masks and body-care formulations under the cosmetic ingredient name Niacinamide.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide supports skin-barrier lipids, hydration and reduced transepidermal water loss.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide helps improve the appearance of uneven skin tone, visible redness, enlarged pores, rough texture and fine lines.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide also supports formulations developed for balanced sebum appearance and improved overall skin condition.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide is commonly formulated at concentrations between 2% and 5% in barrier-support and tone-care products.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide at higher concentrations requires detailed compatibility, sensory, stability and finished-formula tolerance work.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide cosmetic grades emphasize low nicotinic-acid content, minimal colour, low odour and clear aqueous solutions.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide with tightly controlled nicotinic-acid content helps reduce unwanted flushing and irritation in topical formulations.
Hair and scalp care
3-Pyridinecarboxamide finds application in scalp serums, shampoos, conditioners and leave-on hair-care products.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide supports scalp-conditioning formulations and contributes to products designed to maintain a balanced scalp environment.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide dissolves readily in the aqueous phase of rinse-off and leave-on products.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide remains compatible with many commonly used cosmetic humectants, surfactants and water-soluble active ingredients.
Biochemical and laboratory applications
3-Pyridinecarboxamide is used in cell-culture media, enzyme studies, vitamin analysis and investigations of nicotinamide-dependent metabolic pathways.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide supports research involving cellular redox systems, NAD metabolism and NAD-dependent enzymes.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide reagent grades provide controlled analytical purity for reference solutions and biochemical experiments.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide intended for cell-culture applications can be supplied with additional endotoxin, trace-element and microbiological controls.
Pharmaceutical cocrystals and solubilization
3-Pyridinecarboxamide functions as a cocrystal coformer because its amide and pyridine groups can form organized hydrogen-bond networks.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide can modify the dissolution, solubility or solid-state stability of selected active pharmaceutical ingredients.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide also provides hydrotropic and solubility-modifying behaviour in specialized aqueous systems.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide requires application-specific compatibility studies when used at elevated concentrations with active ingredients or preservatives.
Fine chemicals and synthesis
3-Pyridinecarboxamide serves as a building block for substituted nicotinamides, pyridine derivatives and coenzyme-related compounds.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide supports further chemical modification through reactions involving the pyridine ring or carboxamide functionality.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide is employed as an intermediate in research synthesis, pharmaceutical development and specialty-chemical manufacturing.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide technical grades provide an economical option for synthesis routes that do not require regulated nutritional or pharmaceutical quality.
GRADE SELECTION AND PRODUCT SUITABILITY
Food and nutritional grades of 3-Pyridinecarboxamide focus on assay, identity, loss on drying, residue on ignition, elemental impurities and microbiological quality.
These grades can be accompanied by food-suitability, allergen, genetically modified organism, origin and traceability documentation.
Feed grades of 3-Pyridinecarboxamide prioritize nutritional assay, particle-size distribution, low dusting, premix homogeneity and processing stability.
Feed-grade material is commonly specified with an assay of at least 99.0%.
Pharmaceutical grades of 3-Pyridinecarboxamide follow the applicable pharmacopoeial monograph and finished-dosage requirements.
Important parameters include assay, identification, solution clarity, pH, related substances, loss on drying, elemental impurities, residual solvents and microbiological quality.
Cosmetic grades of 3-Pyridinecarboxamide emphasize high purity, low colour, solution clarity and tight control of nicotinic acid and residual 3-cyanopyridine.
Consistent dissolution, particle handling and sensory performance are also important for topical formulations.
Reagent and biochemical grades of 3-Pyridinecarboxamide are selected according to chromatographic purity and application-specific trace-contaminant limits.
Technical grades of 3-Pyridinecarboxamide are intended for chemical synthesis and industrial processing rather than regulated nutritional or medicinal use.
FORMULATION AND PROCESS CONSIDERATIONS
3-Pyridinecarboxamide is normally dissolved directly in the aqueous phase at ambient temperature or under moderate heating.
Adequate agitation generally produces clear concentrates without aggressive processing.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide performs well in mildly acidic to neutral cosmetic systems, particularly around pH 5–7.
Prolonged exposure to strong acids, strong alkalis or excessive heat is avoided to limit hydrolysis, nicotinic-acid formation and discolouration.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide has limited oil solubility and is not normally added directly to anhydrous oils.
An aqueous internal phase, compatible polar solvent, carrier or encapsulation system is required for predominantly oil-based formulations.
High concentrations of 3-Pyridinecarboxamide can influence viscosity, sensory characteristics and crystallization behaviour.
High concentrations can also affect the distribution and performance of preservatives or other active ingredients.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide requires controlled particle-size matching and an appropriate preblending sequence in dry formulations.
Geometric dilution supports uniform distribution when the addition level is low relative to the total batch.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide can participate in moisture-dependent solid-state interactions with pharmaceutical ingredients.
Compatibility studies under temperature and humidity stress help define suitable excipients and packaging systems.
QUALITY, SPECIFICATIONS AND DOCUMENTATION
Quality control for 3-Pyridinecarboxamide commonly includes spectroscopic identification and assay by chromatography or validated titration.
Additional testing can cover melting range, pH, solution clarity, colour, loss on drying, residue on ignition and related substances.
Impurity control for 3-Pyridinecarboxamide can include nicotinic acid, residual 3-cyanopyridine, other pyridine derivatives, elemental impurities and residual process materials.
Microbiological limits, particle-size distribution and bulk handling properties are added according to the selected grade.
A procurement specification for 3-Pyridinecarboxamide normally defines grade, assay basis, impurity limits, particle form, packaging and intended application.
Batch documentation can include a certificate of analysis, safety data sheet, technical data sheet, origin declaration and applicable regulatory statements.
SAFETY AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS
3-Pyridinecarboxamide can cause serious eye irritation.
Airborne dust can irritate the respiratory tract and mucous membranes.
Safety goggles, suitable gloves and protective work clothing provide appropriate routine protection.
Local exhaust ventilation and enclosed powder transfer reduce workplace dust exposure.
Finely dispersed dust from 3-Pyridinecarboxamide can form explosive mixtures with air.
Dust accumulations, ignition sources, static discharge and uncontrolled powder clouds must be prevented during bulk handling.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide should be separated from strong oxidizing agents, strong acids and strong alkalis.
Fire conditions can generate irritating carbon- and nitrogen-containing decomposition products.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide is not regulated as dangerous goods for standard road, sea or air transport.
Normal industrial controls remain necessary for powder handling, workplace hygiene and environmental protection.
FIRST AID
Inhalation: Move the exposed person to fresh air and keep the person at rest.
Obtain medical attention if coughing, breathing difficulty or irritation persists.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing and wash the affected skin thoroughly with soap and water.
Obtain medical attention if irritation develops or continues.
Eye Contact: Rinse cautiously with clean water for at least 15 minutes while holding the eyelids open.
Remove contact lenses when easy to do and obtain medical attention for continuing pain, redness or visual disturbance.
Ingestion: Rinse the mouth and do not induce vomiting.
Contact medical services following a substantial ingestion or the development of symptoms.
Note to Physicians: Provide symptomatic and supportive treatment.
Significant ingestion may require assessment of gastrointestinal, hepatic and metabolic effects.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
Handling: Handle 3-Pyridinecarboxamide with methods that minimize dust formation and contamination.
Use clean equipment and prevent contact with the eyes.
Ventilation: Provide local exhaust ventilation during charging, blending, sampling and repacking.
Control airborne dust during bulk powder transfer.
Storage: Store 3-Pyridinecarboxamide in tightly closed original packaging in a cool, dry and well-ventilated area.
Protect 3-Pyridinecarboxamide from moisture, direct sunlight and excessive heat.
Incompatibilities: Keep 3-Pyridinecarboxamide away from strong oxidizing agents, strong acids and strong alkalis.
Prevent contact with materials that can cause contamination or chemical degradation.
Packaging: Package 3-Pyridinecarboxamide in sealed multiwall bags with polyethylene liners or suitable rigid drums.
Use food-contact-compatible, tamper-evident or moisture-barrier packaging when required by the selected grade.
PACKAGING AND PROCUREMENT CONSIDERATIONS
Commercial packaging for 3-Pyridinecarboxamide commonly includes lined industrial bags, fibre drums and smaller sealed containers.
Packaging configuration is selected according to grade, order quantity, moisture protection and handling requirements.
A purchasing inquiry should state the intended application, destination market, required grade, assay, impurity profile, particle form, annual volume and preferred packaging.
Requirements for pharmaceutical compliance, nutritional use, cosmetic documentation, microbiological control or low nicotinic-acid content should be defined during procurement.
ATAMAN KIMYA SUPPLY AND CONTACT
Ataman Kimya supports the supply of 3-Pyridinecarboxamide for nutritional, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, feed, laboratory and industrial applications.
Ataman Kimya can coordinate grade selection, specification alignment, documentation, packaging and delivery planning.
Email: info@atamankimya.com
Phone: +90 216 577 10 10
