ACETIC ACID 80%

Acetic Acid 80% is a chemical reagent for the production of chemical compounds. 
Acetic Acid 80% is an important chemical reagent and industrial chemical across various fields, used primarily in the production of cellulose acetate for photographic film, polyvinyl acetate for wood glue, and synthetic fibres and fabrics. 
Acetic Acid 80% is most commonly used in the production of vinyl acetate monomer (VAM), in ester production and for the breeding of bees. 

CAS Number: 1318600-04-2
Molecular Formula: C22H23N3O6
Molecular Weight: 425.43

Synonyms: acetic acid, ethanoic acid, 64-19-7, Acetic acid glacial, Ethylic acid, Vinegar acid, Glacial acetic acid, Acetic acid, glacial, Methanecarboxylic acid, Essigsaeure, Acide acetique, Pyroligneous acid, Vinegar, Azijnzuur, Aceticum acidum, Acido acetico, Octowy kwas, Aci-jel, HOAc, ethoic acid, Kyselina octova, Orthoacetic acid, AcOH, Azijnzuur [Dutch], Ethanoic acid monomer, Acetic, Essigsaeure [German], Caswell No. 003, Otic Tridesilon, Octowy kwas [Polish], Acetic acid (natural), Acide acetique [French], Acido acetico [Italian], FEMA No. 2006, Kyselina octova [Czech], MeCOOH, Acetic acid-17O2, Otic Domeboro, Acidum aceticum glaciale, Acidum aceticum, CH3-COOH, acetic acid-, CH3CO2H, UN2789, UN2790, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 044001, NSC 132953, NSC-132953, NSC-406306, BRN 0506007, Acetic acid, diluted, INS NO.260, Acetic acid [JAN], DTXSID5024394, MeCO2H, CHEBI:15366, AI3-02394, CH3COOH, INS-260, Q40Q9N063P, E-260, MFCD00036152, 10.Methanecarboxylic acid, CHEMBL539, NSC-111201, NSC-112209, NSC-115870, NSC-127175, Acetic acid-2-13C,d4, INS No. 260, DTXCID304394, E 260, Acetic-13C2 acid (8CI,9CI), Ethanoat, Shotgun, Acetic acid, of a concentration of more than 10 per cent, by weight, of acetic acid, C2:0, acetyl alcohol, Orlex, Vosol, WLN: QV1, ACETIC ACID (MART.), ACETIC ACID [MART.], Acetic acid, >=99.7%, aceticacid, FEMA Number 2006, ACETIC-13C2-2-D3 ACID, 97 ATOM % 13C, 97 ATOM % D, Acetic acid, ACS reagent, >=99.7%, ACY, HSDB 40, CCRIS 5952, methane carboxylic acid, EINECS 200-580-7, Acetic acid 0.25% in plastic container, Essigsaure, Ethylate, acetic aicd, acetic-acid, Glacial acetate, acetic cid, actic acid, UNII-Q40Q9N063P, acetic -acid, Distilled vinegar, Methanecarboxylate, Acetic acid, glacial [USP:JAN], Acetic acid,glacial, Carboxymethyl radical, Acetic acid, p.a., Vinegar (Salt/Mix), HOOCCH3, Acetic acid LC/MS Grade, ACETIC ACID [II], ACETIC ACID [MI], Acetic acid, ACS reagent, bmse000191, bmse000817, bmse000857, Otic Domeboro (Salt/Mix), ACETIC-1-13C-2-D3 ACID-1 H (D), EC 200-580-7, Acetic acid (JP18/NF), ACETIC ACID [FHFI], Acetic Acid [for LC-MS], ACETIC ACID [VANDF], NCIOpen2_000659, NCIOpen2_000682, Acetic acid, glacial (USP), 4-02-00-00094 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), 77671-22-8, Glacial acetic acid (JP18), UN 2790 (Salt/Mix), ACETIC ACID [WHO-DD], ACETIC ACID [WHO-IP], Acetic acid (glacial) 100%, ACETICUM ACIDUM [HPUS], GTPL1058, Acetic Acid Glacial HPLC Grade, Acetic acid, analytical standard, Acetic acid, Glacial USP grade, Acetic acid, puriss., >=80%, Acetic acid, 99.8%, anhydrous, Acetic acid, AR, >=99.8%, Acetic acid, LR, >=99.5%, DTXSID001043500, Acetic acid, extra pure, 99.8%, Acetic acid, 99.5-100.0%, Acetic acid, Glacial, ACS Reagent, STR00276, Acetic acid, puriss., 99-100%, Tox21_301453, Acetic acid, glacial, >=99.85%, BDBM50074329, FA 2:0, LMFA01010002, NSC132953, NSC406306, STL264240, Acetic acid, for HPLC, >=99.8%, AKOS000268789, 1ST7505, ACIDUM ACETICUM [WHO-IP LATIN], DB03166, UN 2789, Acetic acid, >=99.5%, FCC, FG, Acetic acid, natural, >=99.5%, FG, Acetic acid, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%, CAS-64-19-7, USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 044001, Acetic acid, USP, 99.5-100.5%, NCGC00255303-01, Acetic acid 1000 microg/mL in Methanol, Acetic acid, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%, DB-085748, A2035, Acetic acid 1000 microg/mL in Acetonitrile, Acetic acid, >=99.99% trace metals basis, Acetic acid, JIS special grade, >=99.7%, Acetic acid, purified by double-distillation, NS00002089, Acetic acid, UV HPLC spectroscopic, 99.9%, EN300-18074, Acetic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, >=99%, Bifido Selective Supplement B, for microbiology, C00033, D00010, ORLEX HC COMPONENT ACETIC ACID, GLACIAL, Q47512, VOSOL HC COMPONENT ACETIC ACID, GLACIAL, Acetic acid, glacial, electronic grade, 99.7%, TRIDESILON COMPONENT ACETIC ACID, GLACIAL, A834671, ACETASOL HC COMPONENT ACETIC ACID, GLACIAL, Acetic acid, >=99.7%, SAJ super special grade, SR-01000944354, SR-01000944354-1, Glacial acetic acid, meets USP testing specifications, InChI=1/C2H4O2/c1-2(3)4/h1H3,(H,3,4, Acetic acid, >=99.7%, suitable for amino acid analysis, Acetic acid, >=99.7%, for titration in non-aqueous medium, Acetic acid, for luminescence, BioUltra, >=99.5% (GC), Acetic acid, p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., 99.8%, Acetic acid, semiconductor grade MOS PURANAL(TM) (Honeywell 17926), Glacial acetic acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, Acetic acid, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., >=99.8%, Glacial Acetic Acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material, Acetic acid, puriss., meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, USP, FCC, 99.8-100.5%, Icotinib Impurity 5;Erlotinib Impurity 80;2-(3-((7,8,10,11,13,14-hexahydro-[1,4,7,10]tetraoxacyclododecino[2,3-g]quinazolin-4-yl)amino)phenyl)acetic acid;Benzeneacetic acid, 3-[(7,8,10,11,13,14-hexahydro[1,4,7,10]tetraoxacyclododecino[2,3-g]quinazolin-4-yl)amino]-;Icotinib Impurity 18;3-[(7,8,10,11,13,14-Hexahydro[1,4,7,10]tetraoxacyclododecino[2,3-g]quinazolin-4-yl)amino]benzeneacetic acid.

Acetic Acid 80%, also known as ethanoic acid, is a colourless liquid and organic compound. 
With the chemical formula CH₃COOH, Acetic acid 80 is a chemical reagent for the production of chemicals. 
Acetic Acid 80% has a CAS number of 64-19-7.

Acetic Acid 80%, systematically named ethanoic acid, is an acidic, colourless liquid and organic compound with the chemical formula CH3COOH (also written as CH3CO2H, C2H4O2, or HC2H3O2). 
Vinegar is at least 4% acetic acid by volume, making acetic acid the main component of vinegar apart from water. 
Acetic Acid 80% has been used, as a component of vinegar, throughout history from at least the third century BC.

Acetic Acid 80% is the second simplest carboxylic acid (after formic acid). 
In households, diluted acetic acid is often used in descaling agents.
The largest single use of acetic acid is in the production of vinyl acetate monomer, closely followed by acetic anhydride and ester production. 

The volume of acetic acid used in vinegar is comparatively small.
Acetic Acid 80%, also known as glacial acetic acid when in its concentrated form, is a highly concentrated solution of acetic acid, with 80% of the solution composed of pure acetic acid. 
Acetic Acid 80% is a colorless liquid that is widely used in various industries and chemical processes. 

This high concentration of acetic acid makes it a powerful acid with significant acidity, which can be corrosive if not handled properly. 
Acetic Acid 80% has a pungent, vinegar-like odor, as acetic acid is the main component in vinegar, but at much higher concentrations.
Acetic Acid 80% is commonly used in the manufacturing of various chemicals, including acetic anhydride and acetate esters, which are important intermediates in the production of plastics, textiles, and solvents. 

Acetic Acid 80% is also used in the production of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, serving as a pH adjuster or preservative in formulations. 
Additionally, Acetic Acid 80% is utilized in the food industry, though its high concentration requires dilution for food-grade use, often as a preservative or flavoring agent.
This chemical is essential in laboratory settings, where it is employed as a solvent for various reactions or as a reagent in chemical syntheses. 

Despite its useful applications, Acetic Acid 80% can be hazardous to human health, as it can cause severe irritation or burns upon contact with skin or eyes, and inhaling its vapors may lead to respiratory distress. 
Therefore, proper precautions, such as wearing gloves, goggles, and working in a well-ventilated area, are necessary when handling this concentrated acid.
Acetic Acid 80%, systematically named ethanoic acid /ˌɛθəˈnoʊɪk/, is an acidic, colourless liquid and organic compound with the chemical formula CH3COOH (also written as CH3CO2H, C2H4O2, or HC2H3O2). 

Vinegar is at least 4% acetic acid by volume, making acetic acid the main component of vinegar apart from water. 
Acetic Acid 80% has been used, as a component of vinegar, throughout history from at least the third century BC.
Acetic Acid 80% is the second simplest carboxylic acid (after formic acid). 

Acetic Acid 80% is an important chemical reagent and industrial chemical across various fields, used primarily in the production of cellulose acetate for photographic film, polyvinyl acetate for wood glue, and synthetic fibres and fabrics. 
In households, diluted acetic acid is often used in descaling agents. 
In the food industry, acetic acid is controlled by the food additive code E260 as an acidity regulator and as a condiment. 

In biochemistry, the acetyl group, derived from acetic acid, is fundamental to all forms of life. 
When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats.
The global demand for Acetic Acid 80% as of 2023 is about 17.88 million metric tonnes per year (t/a). 

Most of the world's acetic acid is produced via the carbonylation of methanol. 
Its production and subsequent industrial use poses health hazards to workers, including incidental skin damage and chronic respiratory injuries from inhalation.
The trivial name "acetic acid" is the most commonly used and preferred IUPAC name. 

The systematic name "ethanoic acid", a valid IUPAC name, is constructed according to the substitutive nomenclature.
The name "acetic acid" derives from the Latin word for vinegar, "acetum", which is related to the word "acid" itself.
"Glacial acetic acid" is a name for water-free (anhydrous) Acetic Acid 80%. 

Similar to the German name "Eisessig" ("ice vinegar"), the name comes from the solid ice-like crystals that form with agitation, slightly below room temperature at 16.6 °C (61.9 °F). 
Acetic Acid 80% can never be truly water-free in an atmosphere that contains water, so the presence of 0.1% water in glacial acetic acid lowers its melting point by 0.2 °C.
A common symbol for acetic acid is AcOH (or HOAc), where Ac is the pseudoelement symbol representing the acetyl group CH3−C(=O)−; the conjugate base, acetate (CH3COO−), is thus represented as AcO−.

Acetic Acid 80% is the ion resulting from loss of H+ from acetic acid. 
The name "acetate" can also refer to a salt containing this anion, or an ester of acetic acid.
To better reflect its structure, acetic acid is often written as CH3−C(O)OH, CH3−C(=O)−OH, CH3COOH, and CH3CO2H. 

In the context of acid–base reactions, the abbreviation HAc is sometimes used, where Ac in this case is a symbol for acetate (rather than acetyl).
The carboxymethyl functional group derived from removing one hydrogen from the methyl group of acetic acid has the chemical formula −CH2−C(=O)−OH.
Vinegar was known early in civilization as the natural result of exposure of beer and wine to air because acetic acid-producing bacteria are present globally. 

The use of acetic acid in alchemy extends into the third century BC, when the Greek philosopher Theophrastus described how vinegar acted on metals to produce pigments useful in art, including white lead (lead carbonate) and verdigris, a green mixture of copper salts including copper(II) acetate. 
Ancient Romans boiled soured wine to produce a highly sweet syrup called sapa. Sapa that was produced in lead pots was rich in lead acetate, a sweet substance also called sugar of lead or sugar of Saturn, which contributed to lead poisoning among the Roman aristocracy.

In the 16th-century German alchemist Andreas Libavius described the production of acetone from the dry distillation of lead acetate, ketonic decarboxylation. 
The presence of water in vinegar has such a profound effect on acetic acid's properties that for centuries chemists believed that glacial acetic acid and the acid found in vinegar were two different substances. 
French chemist Pierre Adet proved them identical.

In 1845 German chemist Hermann Kolbe synthesised acetic acid from inorganic compounds for the first time. 
This reaction sequence consisted of chlorination of carbon disulfide to carbon tetrachloride, followed by pyrolysis to tetrachloroethylene and aqueous chlorination to trichloroacetic acid, and concluded with electrolytic reduction to acetic acid.
By 1910, most glacial acetic acid was obtained from the pyroligneous liquor, a product of the distillation of wood. 

The acetic acid was isolated by treatment with milk of lime, and the resulting calcium acetate was then acidified with sulfuric acid to recover acetic acid. 
At that time, Germany was producing 10,000 tons of glacial acetic acid, around 30% of which was used for the manufacture of indigo dye.
Because both methanol and carbon monoxide are commodity raw materials, methanol carbonylation long appeared to be attractive precursors to acetic acid. 

Henri Dreyfus at British Celanese developed a methanol carbonylation pilot plant as early as 1925.
However, a lack of practical materials that could contain the corrosive reaction mixture at the high pressures needed (200 atm or more) discouraged commercialization of these routes. 
The first commercial methanol carbonylation process, which used a cobalt catalyst, was developed by German chemical company BASF in 1963. 

In 1968, a rhodium-based catalyst (cis−[Rh(CO)2I2]−) was discovered that could operate efficiently at lower pressure with almost no by-products. 
US chemical company Monsanto Company built the first plant using this catalyst in 1970, and rhodium-catalyzed methanol carbonylation became the dominant method of acetic acid production (see Monsanto process). 
In the late 1990s, BP Chemicals commercialised the Cativa catalyst ([Ir(CO)2I2]−), which is promoted by iridium for greater efficiency.

Known as the Cativa process, the iridium-catalyzed production of glacial acetic acid is greener, and has largely supplanted the Monsanto process, often in the same production plants.
Using modern catalysts, this reaction can have an acetic acid yield greater than 95%. 
The major side-products are ethyl acetate, formic acid, and formaldehyde, all of which have lower boiling points than acetic acid and are readily separated by distillation.

Acetic Acid Food Grade 80% in a non-returnable 25L Poly Acetic Acid Food Grade 80% (also known as ethanoic acid) is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH3COOH (also written as CH3CO2H or C2H4O2). 
It is a colourless liquid which when undiluted is also called ‘glacial acetic acid’. 
Acetic Acid 80% is the main component of vinegar (apart from water; vinegar is roughly 8% acetic acid by volume), and has a distinctive sour taste and pungent smell. 

Besides its production as household vinegar, it is mainly produced as a precursor to polyvinylacetate and cellulose acetate. 
Although it is classified as a weak acid, concentrated acetic acid is corrosive and attacks the skin. Acetic acid is one of the simplest carboxylic acids. 
It is an important chemical reagent and industrial chemical, mainly used in the production of cellulose acetate for photographic film and polyvinyl acetate for wood glue, as well as synthetic fibres and fabrics. 

In the home, diluted acetic acid is often used in descaling agents. 
In the food industry, acetic acid is used under the food additive (EU number E260) as an acidity regulator and as a condiment. 
Acetic Acid 80% is widely approved for usage as a food additive.  

Acetic Acid 80% is an essential chemical with a wide range of applications. 
It is a strong organic acid, also known as ethanoic or vinegar acid, and is used in a variety of industries, from the production of paints and adhesives to the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Acetic Acid 80% is an efficient solvent and a condensing agent in chemical synthesis processes.

Acetic Acid 80% is a versatile chemical that plays a crucial role in various industrial and laboratory processes. 
Beyond its use in the production of acetic anhydride and acetate esters, it is also a key reagent in organic synthesis, where it is used to catalyze or drive reactions, especially in the manufacturing of chemicals such as acetic acid derivatives, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals. 
The high concentration of acetic acid in this solution also makes it useful in chemical cleaning and descaling applications, as it is highly effective in dissolving mineral deposits and other contaminants.

In the textile industry, Acetic Acid 80% is used in dyeing and finishing processes, where it helps to stabilize and fix dyes onto fibers. 
Similarly, it is used in the production of photographic films and in the production of cellulose acetate, a compound used to make photographic films and coatings. 
In the food industry, despite its concentration being too high for direct consumption, Acetic Acid 80% is often diluted and used in the production of vinegar and as a food preservative in smaller quantities, aiding in the preservation of pickled foods and acting as an antimicrobial agent.

Boiling point: 649.2±55.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 1.325±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
pka: 4.16±0.10(Predicted)

Acetic Acid 80% is a byproduct of fermentation, giving vinegar its characteristic odour (vinegar is about 4-6% acetic acid in water). 
Pure acetic acid is a corrosive, colourless liquid that is completely miscible with water.
Acetic Acid 80% is also important in the production of various synthetic fibers, such as polyester and nylon, where it plays a role in polymerization reactions. 

It is used in the manufacture of polyvinyl acetate, a polymer that finds applications in adhesives, paints, and coatings. 
Additionally, in the pharmaceutical industry, Acetic Acid 80% is used to prepare specific active ingredients and as an acidulant in formulations for certain drugs.
While highly effective in its diverse applications, Acetic Acid 80% should be handled with extreme care. 

Acetic Acid 80% is a highly corrosive substance that can cause severe burns or permanent damage to tissues upon direct contact with skin or eyes. 
Inhalation of vapors can lead to irritation of the respiratory system and, in higher concentrations, can cause damage to the lungs. 
For these reasons, stringent safety measures are required when working with Acetic Acid 80%, including the use of protective equipment such as goggles, gloves, and lab coats, as well as working in well-ventilated areas or fume hoods. 

In case of accidental exposure, immediate medical attention is necessary to mitigate the harmful effects of this highly concentrated acid.
Interstellar acetic acid was discovered in 1996 by a team led by David Mehringer using the former Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland Association array at the Hat Creek Radio Observatory and the former Millimeter Array located at the Owens Valley Radio Observatory. 
It was first detected in the Sagittarius B2 North molecular cloud (also known as the Sgr B2 Large Molecule Heimat source). 

Acetic Acid 80% has the distinction of being the first molecule discovered in the interstellar medium using solely radio interferometers; in all previous ISM molecular discoveries made in the millimetre and centimetre wavelength regimes, single dish radio telescopes were at least partly responsible for the detections.
In solid acetic acid, the molecules form chains of individual molecules interconnected by hydrogen bonds.
In the vapour phase at 120 °C (248 °F), dimers can be detected. 

Dimers also occur in the liquid phase in dilute solutions with non-hydrogen-bonding solvents, and to a certain extent in pure acetic acid, but are disrupted by hydrogen-bonding solvents. 
The dissociation enthalpy of the dimer is estimated at 65.0–66.0 kJ/mol, and the dissociation entropy at 154–157 J mol−1 K−1.
Other carboxylic acids engage in similar intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions.

Acetic Acid 80% is a hydrophilic (polar) protic solvent, similar to ethanol and water. 
With a relative static permittivity (dielectric constant) of 6.2, it dissolves not only polar compounds such as inorganic salts and sugars, but also non-polar compounds such as oils as well as polar solutes. 
It is miscible with polar and non-polar solvents such as water, chloroform, and hexane. 

With higher alkanes (starting with octane), acetic acid is not miscible at all compositions, and solubility of acetic acid in alkanes declines with longer n-alkanes.
The solvent and miscibility properties of acetic acid make it a useful industrial chemical, for example, as a solvent in the production of dimethyl terephthalate.
The acetyl group, formally derived from acetic acid, is fundamental to all forms of life. 

Typically, it is bound to coenzyme A by acetyl-CoA synthetase enzymes, where it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. 
Unlike longer-chain carboxylic acids (the fatty acids), acetic acid does not occur in natural triglycerides. 
Most of the acetate generated in cells for use in acetyl-CoA is synthesized directly from ethanol or pyruvate.

However, the artificial triglyceride triacetin (glycerine triacetate) is a common food additive and is found in cosmetics and topical medicines; this additive is metabolized to glycerol and acetic acid in the body.
Acetic Acid 80% is produced and excreted by acetic acid bacteria, notably the genus Acetobacter and Clostridium acetobutylicum. 
These bacteria are found universally in foodstuffs, water, and soil, and Acetic Acid 80% is produced naturally as fruits and other foods spoil. 

Acetic Acid 80% is also a component of the vaginal lubrication of humans and other primates, where it appears to serve as a mild antibacterial agent.
Acetic Acid 80% is produced industrially both synthetically and by bacterial fermentation. 
About 75% of acetic acid made for use in the chemical industry is made by the carbonylation of methanol, explained below.

The biological route accounts for only about 10% of world production, but it remains important for the production of vinegar because many food purity laws require vinegar used in foods to be of biological origin. 
Other processes are methyl formate isomerization, conversion of syngas to acetic acid, and gas phase oxidation of ethylene and ethanol.
Acetic Acid 80% can be purified via fractional freezing using an ice bath. 

The water and other impurities will remain liquid while the acetic acid will precipitate out. 
As of 2003–2005, total worldwide production of virgin acetic acid[b] was estimated at 5 Mt/a (million tonnes per year), approximately half of which was produced in the United States. 
European production was approximately 1 Mt/a and declining, while Japanese production was 0.7 Mt/a. 

Prior to the commercialization of the Monsanto process, most Acetic Acid 80% was produced by oxidation of acetaldehyde. 
This remains the second-most-important manufacturing method, although it is usually not competitive with the carbonylation of methanol. 
The acetaldehyde can be produced by hydration of acetylene. 

This was the dominant technology in the early 1900s.
The typical reaction is conducted at temperatures and pressures designed to be as hot as possible while still keeping the butane a liquid. 
Typical reaction conditions are 150 °C (302 °F) and 55 atm. side-products may also form, including butanone, ethyl acetate, formic acid, and propionic acid. 

These side-products are also commercially valuable, and the reaction conditions may be altered to produce more of them where needed. 
However, the separation of acetic acid from these by-products adds to the cost of the process.
Acetic Acid 80% of the condensation of two molecules of acetic acid is acetic anhydride. 

The worldwide production of acetic anhydride is a major application, and uses approximately 25% to 30% of the global production of acetic acid. 
The main process involves dehydration of acetic acid to give ketene at 700–750 °C. 
Ketene is thereafter reacted with acetic acid to obtain the anhydride: CH3CO2H → CH2=C=O + H2O
CH3CO2H + CH2=C=O → (CH3CO)2O

Acetic anhydride is an acetylation agent. 
As such, its major application is for cellulose acetate, a synthetic textile also used for photographic film. 
Acetic anhydride is also a reagent for the production of heroin and other compounds.

Acetic Acid 80% undergoes the typical chemical reactions of a carboxylic acid. 
Upon treatment with a standard base, it converts to metal acetate and water. 
With strong bases (e.g., organolithium reagents), it can be doubly deprotonated to give LiCH2COOLi. Reduction of acetic acid gives ethanol. 

The OH group is the main site of reaction, as illustrated by the conversion of acetic acid to acetyl chloride. 
Other substitution derivatives include acetic anhydride; this anhydride is produced by loss of water from two molecules of acetic acid. 
Esters of acetic acid can likewise be formed via Fischer esterification, and amides can be formed. 

When heated above 440 °C (824 °F), acetic acid decomposes to produce carbon dioxide and methane, or to produce ketene and water.
Acetic Acid 80%, CH3COOH, also known as ethanoic acid, is an organic acid which has a pungent smell. 
It is a weak acid, in that it is only partially dissociated in an aqueous solution. 

Acetic Acid 80% is hygroscopic (absorbs moisture from the air) and freezes at 16.5C to a colourless crystalline solid. 
The pure acid, and concentrated solutions, are dangerously corrosive.
Acetic Acid 80% is an organic acid available in various standard strengths. 

Acetic Acid 80% is known as Acetic Acid Glacial because it will freeze at moderate temperatures (16.6C). 
While this is usually the least expensive way of purchasing acetic acid we find that more dilute grades such as 90% are more in demand to eliminate most of the solidification problems.

Flammability is another issue affecting purchasing decisions with acetic acid. 
Both Acetic Acid 80% Glacial and Acetic Acid 90% have flash points lower than 61C and thus are classified as flammable.

Uses:
As a polar protic solvent, Acetic Acid 80% is frequently used for recrystallization to purify organic compounds.
Acetic Acid 80% is used as a solvent in the production of terephthalic acid (TPA), the raw material for polyethylene terephthalate (PET). 
In 2006, about 20% of Acetic Acid 80% was used for TPA production.

Acetic Acid 80% is a chemical reagent for the production of chemical compounds. 
The largest single use of Acetic Acid 80% is in the production of vinyl acetate monomer, closely followed by acetic anhydride and ester production. 
The volume of acetic acid used in vinegar is comparatively small.

The primary use of Acetic Acid 80% is the production of vinyl acetate monomer (VAM). 
In 2008, this application was estimated to consume a third of the world's production of acetic acid.
The reaction consists of ethylene and Acetic Acid 80% with oxygen over a palladium catalyst, conducted in the gas phase.

2 H3C−COOH + 2 C2H4 + O2 → 2 H3C−CO−O−CH=CH2 + 2 H2O
Vinyl acetate can be polymerised to polyvinyl acetate or other polymers, which are components in paints and adhesives.
The major esters of Acetic Acid 80% are commonly used as solvents for inks, paints and coatings. 

The esters include ethyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, and propyl acetate. 
They are typically produced by catalyzed reaction from acetic acid and the corresponding alcohol:
CH3COO−H + HO−R → CH3COO−R + H2O, R = general alkyl group

For example, acetic acid and ethanol gives ethyl acetate and water.
CH3COO−H + HO−CH2CH3 → CH3COO−CH2CH3 + H2O
Most acetate esters, however, are produced from acetaldehyde using the Tishchenko reaction. 

In addition, ether acetates are used as solvents for nitrocellulose, acrylic lacquers, varnish removers, and wood stains. 
First, glycol monoethers are produced from ethylene oxide or propylene oxide with alcohol, which are then esterified with acetic acid. 
The three major products are ethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate (EEA), ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate (EBA), and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PMA, more commonly known as PGMEA in semiconductor manufacturing processes, where it is used as a resist solvent). 

This application consumes about 15% to 20% of worldwide acetic acid. 
Ether acetates, for example EEA, have been shown to be harmful to human reproduction.
As a polar protic solvent, acetic acid is frequently used for recrystallization to purify organic compounds. 

Acetic Acid 80% is used as a solvent in the production of terephthalic acid (TPA), the raw material for polyethylene terephthalate (PET). 
In 2006, about 20% of acetic acid was used for TPA production.
Acetic Acid 80% is often used as a solvent for reactions involving carbocations, such as Friedel-Crafts alkylation. 

For example, one stage in the commercial manufacture of synthetic camphor involves a Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement of camphene to isobornyl acetate; here acetic acid acts both as a solvent and as a nucleophile to trap the rearranged carbocation.
Acetic Acid 80% is used in analytical chemistry for the estimation of weakly alkaline substances such as organic amides.
Acetic Acid 80% is a much weaker base than water, so the amide behaves as a strong base in this medium. 

It then can be titrated using a solution in glacial acetic acid of a very strong acid, such as perchloric acid.
Acetic Acid 80% is used as part of cervical cancer screening in many areas in the developing world.
The acid is applied to the cervix and if an area of white appears after about a minute the test is positive.

Acetic Acid 80% is an effective antiseptic when used as a 1% solution, with broad spectrum of activity against streptococci, staphylococci, pseudomonas, enterococci and others.
Acetic Acid 80% may be used to treat skin infections caused by pseudomonas strains resistant to typical antibiotics.
While diluted acetic acid is used in iontophoresis, no high quality evidence supports this treatment for rotator cuff disease.

As a treatment for otitis externa, it is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Acetic Acid 80% is a highly concentrated form of acetic acid that has several industrial, laboratory, and chemical applications due to its potent acidity and versatile reactivity. 
One of its most significant uses is in the production of acetic anhydride, a key chemical intermediate that is used in the manufacture of a wide variety of chemicals, including pharmaceuticals, perfumes, and plastics. 

This concentrated form of acetic acid is also used to produce acetate esters, which are important in the production of solvents, coatings, and synthetic fibers.
In the food industry, Acetic Acid 80% is diluted to lower concentrations for use as a preservative and flavoring agent, particularly in the production of vinegar and pickled foods. 
The acid's antimicrobial properties help extend the shelf life of preserved foods, while its distinctive sour taste enhances the flavor profile of condiments, dressings, and sauces. 

Although its high concentration is not suitable for direct consumption, it is a vital ingredient in food processing, especially when combined with other substances to produce food-safe concentrations.
Acetic Acid 80% is also used in the textile industry, where it plays a critical role in the dyeing and finishing processes. 
It helps fix dyes to fabrics and stabilize certain synthetic fibers, including polyester, by controlling the pH levels during the manufacturing process. 

The acid’s ability to act as a mordant helps improve the intensity and longevity of textile dyes. 
Additionally, in the production of cellulose acetate, which is used for photographic films, coatings, and cigarette filters, Acetic Acid 80% serves as a key reagent.
In the laboratory, Acetic Acid 80% is employed as a reagent in chemical synthesis and organic reactions, particularly in esterification processes. 

It is also used to prepare and purify a variety of organic compounds, as its strong acidic nature facilitates certain reactions, such as the esterification of alcohols with acids. 
In the pharmaceutical industry, Acetic Acid 80% is utilized to synthesize pharmaceutical intermediates and in the production of active ingredients for drugs and medicines. 
The acid is also used in some drug formulations as an acidulant, helping to regulate the pH and stability of the product.

Acetic Acid 80% is also commonly found in cleaning products, where it serves as a descaling agent to remove mineral deposits, rust, and hard water stains. 
Its effectiveness in dissolving lime scale and cleaning metal surfaces makes it a key component in industrial cleaning applications. 
Moreover, the high concentration of acetic acid is used in laboratories for removing unwanted residues from equipment, surfaces, and glassware, ensuring cleanliness and preventing cross-contamination in experiments.

In agriculture, Acetic Acid 80% is sometimes used in the formulation of herbicides and pesticides, where it acts as an active ingredient to control weeds and other unwanted plant growth. 
Its ability to lower the pH of soils and water is leveraged in specific farming practices that require an acidic environment for optimal crop growth.

Health and safety Profile:
Acetic Acid 80% is a highly corrosive and hazardous substance that requires careful handling and appropriate safety measures. 
Its concentrated nature can cause severe chemical burns and damage to tissues upon direct contact with skin or eyes. 
Prolonged or repeated exposure to the acid can result in permanent damage to the skin, including deep burns and scarring. 

Inhalation of Acetic Acid 80% vapors or mist can irritate the respiratory system, leading to coughing, wheezing, difficulty breathing, and even more severe respiratory distress in high concentrations. 
Prolonged inhalation may cause damage to the mucous membranes and the lungs, potentially leading to respiratory issues such as pulmonary edema.

Ingestion of Acetic Acid 80% can cause immediate harm to the digestive tract. 
It can result in severe burns to the mouth, throat, esophagus, and stomach, leading to pain, vomiting, and in extreme cases, potentially life-threatening conditions like perforation or scarring of the gastrointestinal system. 
Due to its high acidity, it can cause tissue necrosis (cell death) in the affected areas, leading to long-term damage or even organ failure if ingested in significant amounts.

Prolonged inhalation exposure (eight hours) to acetic acid vapours at 10 ppm can produce some irritation of eyes, nose, and throat; at 100 ppm marked lung irritation and possible damage to lungs, eyes, and skin may result. 
Vapour concentrations of 1,000 ppm cause marked irritation of eyes, nose and upper respiratory tract and cannot be tolerated. 
These predictions were based on animal experiments and industrial exposure.

Exposure to 50 ppm or more is intolerable to most persons and results in intensive lacrimation and irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, with pharyngeal oedema and chronic bronchitis. 
Unacclimatised humans experience extreme eye and nasal irritation at concentrations in excess of 25 ppm, and conjunctivitis from concentrations below 10 ppm has been reported. 
In a study of five workers exposed for seven to 12 years to concentrations of 80 to 200 ppm at peaks, the principal findings were blackening and hyperkeratosis of the skin of the hands, conjunctivitis (but no corneal damage), bronchitis and pharyngitis, and erosion of the exposed teeth (incisors and canines).