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ACETONE

Acetone = dimethyl ketone = 2-propanone = propanone = beta-ketopropane


CAS NUMBER: 67-64-1

MOLECULAR FORMULA:  C3H6O

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 58.08

Acetone, or propanone, is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2CO.
Acetone is the simplest and smallest ketone. 
Acetone is a colourless, highly volatile and flammable liquid with a characteristic pungent odour.
Acetone is miscible with water and serves as an important organic solvent in its own right, in industry, home, and laboratory. 
About 6.7 million tonnes were produced worldwide in 2010, mainly for use as a solvent and production of methyl methacrylate and bisphenol A.
Acetone is a common building block in organic chemistry. 
Familiar household uses of acetone are as the active ingredient in nail polish remover and as paint thinner. 
While it has volatile organic compound (VOC) exempt status in the United States, it is considered by the EU as a contributor to environmental pollution.

Acetone is produced and disposed of in the human body through normal metabolic processes. 
Acetone is normally present in blood and urine. People with diabetic ketoacidosis produce it in larger amounts. Reproductive toxicity tests show that it has low potential to cause reproductive problems. 
Ketogenic diets that increase ketone bodies (acetone, β-hydroxybutyric acid and acetoacetic acid) in the blood are used to counter epileptic attacks in infants and children who suffer from refractory epilepsy.
Acetone is a colorless, volatile, flammable organic solvent. 
Acetone occurs naturally in plants, trees, forest fires, vehicle exhaust and as a breakdown product of animal fat metabolism. 
This agent may be normally present in very small quantities in urine and blood; larger amounts may be found in the urine and blood of diabetics. 
Acetone is toxic in high doses.

Acetone is a manufactured chemical that is also found naturally in the environment. 
Acetone is a colorless liquid with a distinct smell and taste. 
Acetone evaporates easily, is flammable, and dissolves in water. 
Acetone is also called dimethyl ketone, 2-propanone, and beta-ketopropane. 
Acetone is used to make plastic, fibers, drugs, and other chemicals. 
Acetone is also used to dissolve other substances. 
Acetone occurs naturally in plants, trees, volcanic gases, forest fires, and as a product of the breakdown of body fat. 
Acetone is present in vehicle exhaust, tobacco smoke, and landfill sites. Industrial processes contribute more acetone to the environment than natural processes.
Acetone appears as a clear colorless liquid with a sweetish odor. 
Flash point 0°F. Less dense than water. 
Vapors are heavier than air. 
Used as a solvent in paint and nail polish removers.

Acetone, a colorless liquid also known as Propanone, is a solvent used in manufacture of plastics and other industrial products. 
Acetone may also be used to a limited extent in household products, including cosmetics and personal care products, where its most frequent application would be in the formulation of nail polish removers. 
Acetone occurs naturally in the human body as a byproduct of metabolism.
Acetone occurs naturally in the human body as a byproduct of metabolism. 
Acetone is also a primary ingredient in many nail polish removers. 
As a solvent, acetone is frequently incorporated in other solvent systems or “blends,” used in the formulation of lacquers for automotive and furniture finishes, for example.
In chemistry, a pure chemical compound is a chemical substance which contains only one substance and a particular set of molecules or ions. Pure acetone contains only the molecules or ions of acetone.
Acetone is a chemical used to make products like nail polish remover and paint remover. 
Your body also makes this chemical when it breaks down fat.

Acetone is safe in normal amounts, but too much of it could be a problem.
Acetone is a solvent, which means it can break down or dissolve substances like paint and varnish. 
That's why it's an ingredient in nail polish removers, varnish removers, and paint removers. Companies also use this chemical to remove grease from wool, reduce the stickiness of silk, and make protective coatings for furniture and cars.
Acetone (CH3COCH3), also called 2-propanone or dimethyl ketone, organic solvent of industrial and chemical significance, the simplest and most important of the aliphatic (fat-derived) ketones. 
Pure acetone is a colourless, somewhat aromatic, flammable, mobile liquid that boils at 56.2 °C (133 °F).
Acetone is capable of dissolving many fats and resins as well as cellulose ethers, cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose, and other cellulose esters. 
Because of the latter quality, acetone is used extensively in the manufacture of artificial fibres (such as some rayons) and explosives. 
Acetone is used as a chemical intermediate in pharmaceuticals and as a solvent for vinyl and acrylic resins, lacquers, alkyd paints, inks, cosmetics (such as nail-polish remover), and varnishes. 

Acetone is used in the preparation of paper coatings, adhesives, and heat-seal coatings and is also employed as a starting material in the synthesis of many compounds.
The cumene hydroperoxide process is the dominant process used in the commercial production of acetone. 
Acetone is also prepared by the dehydrogenation of 2-propanol (isopropyl alcohol).
The first member of the ketones class is dimethyl ketone. Its closed formula is C3H6O, its boiling point is 56 °C. 
Acetone combines with water, ethanol and ether at any rate. 
Acetone smells sharp. From the dry-dry distillation of wood: from heating calcium acetate; dehydrogenation of isopropanol from copper catalysts in the art at 250 °C; It is obtained from the mixture of ethanol and water vapor in the gas phase at 250 °C under the catalysis of Fe2O3. 
If acetone and sodium nitrozil prussiat are mixed in basic medium, red precipitation occurs, acetone is detected. 
An important reaction is the formation of iodoform, which it gives with elemental iodine in a basic environment. 
Acetone is in the cigarette.
Acetone is a polar organic solvent. 
Acetone can undergo photocatalytic oxidation in the presence of mixed TiO2-rare earth oxides.

Acetone is a volatile, flammable liquid. 
Acetone is rapidly absorbed by inhalation, ingestion, and dermally, and distributed throughout the body. 
Once acetone has been absorbed, it is metabolized, but the pharmacokinetics and the selection of metabolic pathway seem to be dose dependent. 
Excretion of acetone appears in breath and urine. Inhaled acetone is narcotic and causes transient central nervous system effects, but it is not a neurotoxicant. In occupational environments, workers exposed to acetone for weeks do not exhibit long-lasting complaints. Acetone is neither genotoxic nor mutagenic. As it now looks, acetone is hazardous because of its potentiating effect on the toxicity of other volatile organic solvents and methylglyoxal.
Acetone, also known as 2-propanone or dimethyl ketone (DMK), is an important chemical intermediate used in the production of acrylic plastics, polycarbonates and epoxy resins. 
These materials in turn are used by many different industry sectors to product countless everyday items. Acetone is also used in its own right as a solvent.
Acetone is manufactured from the basic raw materials of benzene and propylene. 
These materials are first used to produce cumene, which is then oxidised to become cumene hydroperoxide, before being split into phenol and its co-product, acetone.
Acetone is the simplest example of the ketones. 
Acetone is a clear, colorless, mobile liquid. 

Acetone is completely miscible with water and most organic solvents and oils. 
Acetone therefore serves as an important industrial solvent for cleaning, as a common building block in organic chemistry, and as a precursor to polymers. 
Well-known domestic uses of acetone are as the active ingredient in nail polish remover and as paint thinner.
Acetone is a normal by-product of mammalian metabolism and is thus found in all tissues, including blood, as well as in urine and breath. 
The levels vary, depending on nutritional and metabolic conditions, and are increased in obese compared with slim people and in working compared with resting people. 
Diabetic patients show markedly elevated levels of acetone.
Acetone is an organic element with formula (CH3)2CO. 
Acetone consists of three carbon, six hydrogens and one oxygen atom. 
Acetone comes under the categories of ketones, which are organic compounds with a carbonyl group bonded to two hydrocarbon groups.
Acetone is a general building block in organic chemistry. 
In the human body, it is normally present in blood and urine.
Acetone is readily taken up via inhalation if present in ambient air and via the gastrointestinal tract if ingested. 
Uptake via skin is of minor importance. 
However, due to its excellent solvent properties, acetone readily removes water from the skin. 
This impairs the barrier properties and makes the skin more vulnerable to other irritating, sensitizing, or infectious agents.

Acetone is a naturally occurring compound also known as propanone. 
Composed of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, acetone presents as a clear liquid that is highly flammable and often used as cleaner in industrial settings.
Acetone is found in volcanic gases, plants, in byproducts of forest fires, and the breakdown of body fat. 
Acetone evaporates very quickly, and while it is produced in nature, for commercial use it is produced by manually combining three carbon atoms, six hydrogen atoms, and one oxygen atom to produce the compound element (CH3)2CO, that we call acetone.
Because acetone is both organic and non-toxic, when used properly, it is an element many products that people use every day. 
Acetone is the main ingredient in paint thinner, used as a solvent in various cosmetics and facial treatments, as well as a cleaning agent to remove sticky substances like glue or resin. 
Acetone is also used as an additive in gasoline that thins the gas allowing it to diffuse more easily through the engine, resulting in higher fuel efficiency.
Acetone is a chemical that is used daily by many people. 
Across all industries acetone is necessary for developing new products, cleaning, degreasing, or even saving marine life from detrimental oil spills. 
If your business is in need of a solvent like acetone, give us a call 800-563-1305. 
We specialize in producing eco friendly solvents for commercial use, from 5 gallon pails to 55 gallon drums.
Acetone is a chemical that is used daily by many people. 
Across all industries acetone is necessary for developing new products, cleaning, degreasing, or even saving marine life from detrimental oil spills. 
If your business is in need of a solvent like acetone, give us a call 800-563-1305. 
We specialize in producing eco friendly solvents for commercial use, from 5 gallon pails to 55 gallon drums.
Acetone is a colorless, highly flammable liquid chemical that can be natural or man-made. 
Acetone has astrong taste and smell, which is commonly associated with nail polish remover. 

Acetone evaporates easily, meaning that it changes into a vapor. 
Acetone catches fire easily and burns rapidly. Acetone will dissolve in  water. 
Acetone also has a wide variety of applications from solvents to chemical intermediates and is used in the production of acrylics, polycarbonates and fine chemical intermediates.
Acetone is a clear liquid that smells like nail polish remover. 
When exposed to the air, it quickly evaporates and remains highly flammable. 
Acetone is dangerous to use around an open flame. 
Hundreds of commonly used household products contain acetone, including furniture polish, rubbing alcohol, and nail polish.
Acetone is one of the most widely used industrial solvents. 
Acetone is used in surface coatings, cleaning fluids, pharmaceutical applications, adhesives and numerous other consumer and commercial products. 
Commercial products that may contain acetone include cleaners for automotive engines and automotive parts, wood cleaners, floor wax and paint thinners. 
Acetone is widely used as a chemical intermediate in the production of other chemicals and solvents. 

Acetone is often used in captive processes for preparing downstream chemicals. 
Acetone is also used as a formulating solvent for commercial products. 
Acetone (also known as propanone, dimethyl ketone, 2-propanone, propan-2-one and β-ketopropane) is the simplest representative of the group of chemical compounds known as ketones. 
Acetone is a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid.
Acetone is miscible with water and serves as an important laboratory solvent for cleaning purposes. 
Acetone is a highly effective solvent for many organic compounds such as Methanol, ethanol, ether, chloroform, pyridine, etc., and is the active ingredient in nail polish remover. 
Acetone is also used to make various plastics, fibers, drugs, and other chemicals.

Acetone exists in nature in the Free State. 
In the plants, it mainly exists in essential oils, such as tea oil, rosin essential oil, citrus oil, etc.; human urine and blood and animal urine, marine animal tissue and body fluids contain a small amount of acetone.
Acetone is a flammable, colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. It is used widely as an organic solvent and in the chemical industry. 
Acetone is the simplest ketone, which also goes by the name dimethyl ketone (DMK). 
Acetone was originally referred to as pyroacetic spirit because it was obtained from the destructive distillation of acetates and acetic acid.

USES:

Acetone is a good solvent for many plastics and some synthetic fibers. 
Acetone is used for thinning polyester resin, cleaning tools used with it, and dissolving two-part epoxies and superglue before they harden. 
Acetone is used as one of the volatile components of some paints and varnishes. 
As a heavy-duty degreaser, it is useful in the preparation of metal prior to painting or soldering, and to remove rosin flux after soldering (to prevent adhesion of dirt and electrical leakage and perhaps corrosion or for cosmetic reasons), although it attacks many electronic components (for example polystyrene capacitors) so it is unsuitable for cleaning many circuit boards.
Although itself flammable, acetone is used extensively as a solvent for the safe transportation and storage of acetylene, which cannot be safely pressurized as a pure compound. 
Vessels containing a porous material are first filled with acetone followed by acetylene, which dissolves into the acetone. One litre of acetone can dissolve around 250 litres of acetylene at a pressure of 10 bars (1.0 MPa).
Acetone is a primary ingredient in many nail polish removers. 
Acetone breaks down nail polish, making it easy to remove with a cotton swab or cloth. 
Acetone is widely used because it can easily mix with water and evaporates quickly in the air.

Acetone is widely used in the textile industry for degreasing wool and degumming silk.
As a solvent, acetone is frequently incorporated in solvent systems or “blends,” used in the formulation of lacquers for automotive and furniture finishes. 
Acetone also may be used to reduce the viscosity of lacquer solutions.
Acetone is commonly used as a solvent to manufacture plastics and other industrial products. 
Acetone may also be used to a limited extent in household products, including cosmetics and personal care products, where its most frequent application would be in the formulation of nail polish removers.
Acetone is used as a solvent in the cosmetics industry (nail polish remover).
Acetone is used as a thinner and solvent in the paint industry.

Acetone is used in industry for the production of most chemicals.
Almost half of the world production of acetone is used as a precursor in the production of methylmetacrylate.
Its second main use in industry is its use in the production of bisphenol A, which is bisphenol A; Polycarbonate is the main component of most polymers such as polyurethane and epoxy resins.
Acetone is used in the production of cleaning materials. It is a very good glass cleaner.
Acetone is used as a common solvent in the pharmaceutical industry.
Acetone also reacts as an excipient in most various drugs.
While it appears as a component in the packaging section in the food sector, it is also used as additives in this sector.

Acetone is the most widely used chemical in nail polish cleaning in this sector.
They are preferred for cleaning glass laboratory materials, which are the most common and common areas of use in the chemical industry, and to provide high efficiency drying in a short time.
In addition, it interacts with substances such as salicylic acid and glycolic acid, which is called peeling (chemical peeling), and creates an auxiliary factor in this method.
The evaporation rate of acetone from water and soil is quite high.
Acetone is an important underground pollutant for soil due to its high solubility in water consumed by animals or sometimes microorganisms. 
For fish, acetone is a very harmful substance with its LD50 value of 8.3 g / L and its half-life.
Oxygen depletion can pose a significant risk in systems with high acetone-consuming microbial activity.
Most acetone is consumed as an intermediate feedstock for acrylic plastics used for glazing, signs, lighting fixtures and displays, and for production of Bisphenol A (BPA) which, in turn, is used to manufacture polycarbonate and epoxy resins. 
Both polycarbonate and epoxy resins are used in many different industries and in countless items which we encounter every day.

Acetone is also used extensively in the manufacture of artificial fibres and as an intermediate in pharmaceuticals.
Acetone is one of the most widely used solvents in the world due to is combination of  high solvency and a high rate of evaporation. 
It can be found in many everyday products including paints, cleaning fluids, nail polish remover, and adhesives.
Acetone is a colourless, low boiling, easy pouring liquid with a characteristic odour. 
Acetone is miscible in all proportions with water, alcohols, many hydrocarbons and other organic liquids. 
Acetone has good solvent properties for vegetable and animal fats, cellulose, natural and synthetic resins and many other organic substances.
Acetone's listing as a non-volatile organic compound (VOC) in the US is increasing its use in coatings applications.
Acetone is a colorless solvent. Solvents are substances that can break down or dissolve other materials. 
In the household, people may come across acetone in products such as nail polish remover or paint remover.

Acetone occurs naturally in the environment in trees, plants, volcanic gases, and forest fires. 
Small amounts are also present in the body. But exposure to acetone can irritate the eyes, nose, or skin. 
Consuming it can lead to acetone poisoning.
Acetone is a clear, colorless liquid. 
Acetone is a solvent that can dissolve or break down other materials, such as paint, varnish, or grease. 
Acetone evaporates quickly into the air.
Acetone is naturally present in trees and other plants, as well as tobacco smoke, vehicle exhaust, and landfills. 
Acetone also occurs in the body. 

Acetone is the most widely used ketone in industry. 
Acetone is used primarily to synthesize methacrylates, about half of the world's production of acetone is used as a precursor to methyl methacrylate. 
Other large-scale chemicals derived from acetone are bisphenol A and methyl isobutyl ketone. 
Acetone is also used as a process solvent in the manufacture of cellulose acetate yarn, smokeless gun powder, surface coatings, and various pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. 
Other solvent uses include paint, ink, resin, and varnish formulations; thinning of fiberglass resin; cleaning of fiberglass tools; and dissolution of two-part epoxies and superglues before hardening.
Acetone is found in nature in plants, trees, gas from volcanoes, and forest fires. 
Also, when your body breaks down fat, it produces acetone. 
If you are on a low fat diet, you will have more acetone in your body. 

Acetone is found in exhaust from cars and trucks, tobacco smoke and landfills. 
Factories release acetone into the air. 
Acetone is used to make plastic, fibers, drugs and chemicals. 
Acetone is often used as a solvent. 
Solvents help other substances dissolve. 

Acetone is used in the chemical industry in numerous applications. 
The primary use of acetone is to produce acetone cyanohydrin, which is then used in the production of methyl methacrylate (MMA). 
Another use of acetone in the chemical industry is for bisphenol A (BPA). 
BPA results form the condensation reaction of acetone and phenol in the presence of an appropriate catalyst. 
BPA is used in polycarbonate plastics, polyurethanes, and epoxy resins. Polycarbonate plastics are tough and durable and are often used as a glass substitute.
In addition to its use as a chemical feedstock and intermediate, acetone is used extensively as an organic solvent in lacquers, varnishes, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. 
Nail polish remover is one of the most common products containing acetone. 

Acetone is used to stabilize acetylene for transport .
Acetone is used in the manufacture of a largenumber of compounds, such as acetic acid,chloroform, mesityl oxide, and MIBK; in themanufacture of rayon, photographic films,and explosives; as a common solvent; inpaint and varnish removers; and for purifyingparaffins.
Solvent for fats, oils, waxes, resins, rubber, plastics, lacquers, varnishes, rubber cements. manufacture of methyl isobutyl ketone, mesityl oxide, acetic acid (ketene process), diacetone alcohol, chloroform, iodoform, bromoform, explosives, aeroplane dopes, rayon, photographic films, isoprene; storing acetylene gas (takes up about 24 times its vol of the gas); extraction of various principles from animal and plant substances; in paint and varnish removers; purifying paraffin; hardening and dehydrating tissues. 
Pharmaceutic aid (solvent). acetone is a solvent considered to be non-comedogenic and occasionally used in skin toners. 
Acetone is primarily used in nail polish remover. 
Acetone could be drying and very irritating to the skin depending on the concentration and frequency of use.

Companies use acetone in small amounts to create products that break down or dissolve other substances, such as:

-nail polish
-paint
-varnish

In industry, manufacturers use acetone for a variety of purposes, including:

-removing grease or gum from textiles such as wool and silk
-making lacquers for cars or furniture
-making plastics

According to Addiction Resource, some people also consume or inhale acetone-based nail polish remover in order to achieve a “high”. 
This is because nail polish remover can also contain alcohol. 
Doing this is very dangerous, as the chemicals in nail polish remover can seriously damage the kidneys, liver, brain, and nervous system.
About a third of the world's acetone is used as a solvent, and a quarter is consumed as acetone cyanohydrin, a precursor to methyl methacrylate.

USES:

-An important organic raw material in the chemical, artificial fiber, medicine, paint, plastics, organic glass, cosmetics and other industries; an excellent organic solvent that dissolves many organic products such as resin, cellulose acetate, acetylene and so on.
-An important raw material for the synthesis of ketene, acetic anhydride, iodoform, polyisoprene rubber, methacrylic acid, methyl ester, chloroform, and epoxy resins.
-The acetone cyanohydrin obtained from the reaction of acetone with hydrocyanic acid is the raw material of methacrylic resin (perspex).
-A raw material in the production of epoxy resin intermediate bisphenol A.
-In pharmaceuticals, acetone is used as extractants for a variety of vitamins and hormones in addition to vitamin C, and dewaxing solvents for petroleum refining.
-A raw material for nail polish remover in cosmetics
-One of the raw materials for synthesizing pyrethroids in pesticide industry
-Acetone is often used to wipe the black ink above the copper tube in the precision copper tube industry.


INDUSTRIAL USES:

Acetone is valuable solvent component in acrylic/nitrocellulose automotive lacquers. 
Acetone is the solvent of choice in film coatings operations which use vinylidene chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer formulations.
Other ketones that may be used in these film coating operations include methyl isobutyl ketone, ethyl n-amyl ketone, and diisobutyl ketone.Acetone, blends of MIBK and MEK, methyl namyl ketone, ethyl n-amyl ketone, and diisobutyl ketone are all useful solvents for vinyl resin copolymers. 
The presence of one of the slower evaporating ketones in the solvent blend prevents quick drying, improves flow, and gives blush resistance to the coating. 
Acetone is also used as a resin thinner in polyester resins and as a clean up solvent for the resin reactor kettle.
In solvents industry, Acetone is a component of solvent blends in urethane, nitrile rubber, and neoprene industrial adhesives.
Acetone is the primary solvent in resin-type adhesives and pressure sensitive chlorinated rubber adhesives. 
Acetone also can be used to extract fats, oils, waxes, and resins from natural products, to dewax lubricating oils, and to extract certain essential oils.
Acetone is also an important chemical intermediate in the preparation of several oxygenated solvents including the ketones, diacetone alcohol, mesityl oxide, methyl isobutyl ketone, and isophorone.


HIGHLIGHTS:

-Acetone polish remover helps you get a fresh start for a new coat
-Free from phthalate, parabens, aluminum, and dye for safe use
-Made with acetone to help remove artificial nails, gel polish and
-If you’re not satisfied with any Target Owned Brand item, return it within one year with a receipt for an exchange or a refund

APPLICATION:

Acetone′s luminesence intensity is dependent upon the solution components. 
The absorption of UV light by acetone, results in its photolysis and the production of radials .
Acetone may be used in the synthesis of Ga (Gallium)-DOTATATE (where DOTA= 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclo- dodecane -1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) chemicals.
Acetone may be used in an assay for the determination of ester groups in lipids by spectrophotometric methods.
Acetone undergoes aldolization in the presence of Mg-Al layered double hydroxides (LDH) as catalysts and Cl- and/or CO32- as compensating anions to afford diacetone alcohol and mesityl oxide as the main products. 
Acetones enantioselective Aldol condensation with various isatins in the presence of a dipeptide catalyst forms 1-alkyl 3-(2-oxopropyl)-3-hydroxyindolin-2-ones. 
Aqueous solution of acetone may be used as a medium for the oxidation of alkynes to 1,2-diketones using potassium permanganate.


PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATION:

Acetone is used as a solvent or cosolvent in topical preparations, and as an aid in wet granulation.
Acetone has also been used when formulating tablets with water-sensitive active ingredients, or to solvate poorly water-soluble binders in a wet granulation process. 
Acetone has also been used in the formulation of microspheres to enhance drug release.
Owing to its low boiling point, acetone has been used to extract thermolabile substances from crude drugs.


PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Appearance Form: liquid
-Color: colorless
-Odor: pungent, weakly aromatic
-Odor: Threshold 0,1 ppm
-pH: 5 - 6 at 395 g/l at 20 °C
-Melting point/freezing point: Melting point/range: -94,0 °C
-Initial boiling point and boiling range: 56,0 °C at 1.013 hPa
-Flash point: -17,0 °C - closed cup
-Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: Upper explosion limit: 13 %(V) Lower explosion limit: 2 %(V)
-Vapor pressure: 245,3 hPa at 20,0 °C
-Density: 0,79 g/cm3 at 20 °C
-Water solubility: soluble, in all proportions
-Autoignition temperature: 465,0 °C
-Decomposition temperature: Distillable in an undecomposed state at normal pressure.
 

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES


-Keto/enol tautomerism:

Like most ketones, acetone exhibits the keto–enol tautomerism in which the nominal keto structure (CH3) 2C=O of acetone itself is in equilibrium with the enol isomer (CH3)C(OH)=(CH2) (prop-1-en-2-ol). 
In acetone vapor at ambient temperature, only 2.4×10−7% of the molecules are in the enol form. 
Yet the enol form is chemically important in some chemical reactions.

-Aldol condensation:

In the presence of suitable catalysts, two acetone molecules also combine to form the compound diacetone alcohol (CH3)C=O(CH2)C(OH)(CH3)2, which on dehydration gives mesityl oxide (CH3)C=O(CH)=C(CH3)
This product can further combine with another acetone molecule, with loss of another molecule of water, yielding phorone and other compounds.

-Polymerisation:

One might expect acetone to also form polymers and (possibly cyclic) oligomers of two types. 
In one type, units could be acetone molecules linked by ether bridges –O– derived by from the opening of the double bond, to give a polyketal-like (PKA) chain [–O–C(CH3)2–]n. 
The other type could be obtained through repeated aldol condensation, with one molecule of water removed at each step, yielding a poly(methylacetylene) (PMA) chain [–CH=C(CH3)–]n.

-PKA type:

The conversion of acetone to a polyketal (PKA) would be analogous to the formation of paraformaldehyde from formol, and of trithioacetone from thioacetone. 
In 1960, Kargin, Kabanov and others observed that the thermodynamics of this process is unfavourable for liquid acetone, so that it (unlike thioacetone and formol) is not expected to polymerise spontaneously, even with catalysts. 
However, they observed that the thermodynamics became favourable for crystalline solid acetone at the melting point (−96 °C). 
They claimed to have obtained such a polymer (a white elastic solid, soluble in acetone, stable for several hours at room temperature) by depositing vapor of acetone, with some magnesium as a catalyst, onto a very cold surface.
In 1962, Wasaburo Kawai reported the synthesis of a similar product, from liquid acetone cooled to −70 to −78 °C, using n-butyl lithium or triethylaluminium as catalysts. 
He claimed that the infrared absorption spectrum showed the presence of –O– linkages but no C=O groups. 
However, conflicting results were obtained later by other investigators.

-PMA type:

The PMA type polymers of acetone would be equivalent to the product of polymerisation of propyne, except for a keto end group.


PRODUCTION:

In 2010, the worldwide production capacity for acetone was estimated at 6.7 million tonnes per year. 
With 1.56 million tonnes per year, the United States had the highest production capacity, followed by Taiwan and mainland China. 
The largest producer of acetone is INEOS Phenol, owning 17% of the world's capacity, with also significant capacity (7–8%) by Mitsui, Sunoco and Shell in 2010.
INEOS Phenol also owns the world's largest production site (420,000 tonnes/annum) in Beveren (Belgium). 
Spot price of acetone in summer 2011 was 1100–1250 USD/tonne in the United States.


ACETONE IN BODY:

In humans, acetone is a natural byproduct of the breakdown of fat.
The body can make energy in several ways. 
The first is by turning food substances such as carbohydrates into glucose. 
The body then releases insulin, which allows the body’s cells to use glucose for energy or store some of the glucose in fat, the liver, and muscles.
But if a person is not eating many carbohydrates, the body cannot use dietary glucose for energy. 
Instead, it switches to glucose that was converted and stored for energy reserves, including within fat. 
If this occurs, the liver will begin breaking down fat reserves. 
In the process of doing this, the body makes ketones as a byproduct. 

Acetone is a type of ketone.
Once the body begins producing excess ketones, this state is known as ketosis.
Being in ketosis can be safe or even beneficial for some people. For example, the ketogenic (keto) diet deliberately induces a state of ketosis. 
There is evidence this can reduce seizures in children with epilepsy, and research into potential benefits for other conditions is ongoing.
But having too many ketones is dangerous, especially for people with diabetes mellitus. 
High levels of ketones can be associated with an increase in the acidity of a person’s blood. This may lead to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a serious complication that can cause a diabetic coma or death.

HOW DOES IT WORK:

Acetone enters the body through the lungs, mouth or the skin. 
Acetone can also be in the body from the breakdown of fat. 
Your blood carries acetone to all your body organs. 
Small amounts of acetone in your body usually will 
not hurt you because your liver breaks the acetone down into other harmless chemicals.

HISTORY:

Acetone was first produced by Andreas Libavius in 1606 by distillation of Lead(II) acetate.
In 1832, French chemist Jean-Baptiste Dumas and German chemist Justus von Liebig determined the empirical formula for acetone. 
In 1833, the French chemist Antoine Bussy named acetone by adding the suffix -one to the stem of the corresponding acid (viz, acetic acid).
By 1852, English chemist Alexander William Williamson realized that acetone was methyl acetyl; the following year, the French chemist Charles Frédéric Gerhardt concurred.
In 1865, the German chemist August Kekulé published the modern structural formula for acetone.
Johann Josef Loschmidt had presented the structure of acetone in 1861, but his privately published booklet received little attention. 
During World War I, Chaim Weizmann developed the process for industrial production of acetone (Weizmann Process).


SAFETY:

Acetone has been extensively studied and is generally recognized to have low acute and chronic toxicity.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has determined acetone is safe for use as an indirect food additive in adhesives and food-contact coatings and is regarded as a Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) substance at certain concentrations.
Acetone has undergone a comprehensive review under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Voluntary Children’s Chemical Evaluation Program (VCCEP). 
The objective of VCCEP was to ensure that adequate toxicity and exposure information was available to assess potential risks to children. 
This VCCEP review of acetone included a hazard assessment, an exposure assessment and a risk characterization.
Acetone has undergone regulatory and scientific evaluations under the European Chemical Agency REACH program, the World Health Organization (WHO) International Programme on Chemical Safety, and EPA’s Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) assessment program.
In a draft screening assessment for health and environmental effects, Environment Canada identified no critical health effects from exposures expected to occur from occasional, intermittent use of certain products containing acetone.
The U.S. Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) sets safe workplace exposure limits. 
Workplaces where acetone is used, such as nail salons, can keep exposure levels below safety levels by using proper ventilation and following manufacturer’s instructions.


-Flammability:

The most hazardous property of acetone is its extreme flammability. 
Acetone burns with bright yellow flames. 
At temperatures greater than acetone's flash point of −20 °C (−4 °F), air mixtures of between 2.5% and 12.8% acetone, by volume, may explode or cause a flash fire. 
Vapors can flow along surfaces to distant ignition sources and flash back. Static discharge may also ignite acetone vapors, though acetone has a very high ignition initiation energy point and therefore accidental ignition is rare. Even pouring or spraying acetone over red-glowing coal will not ignite it, due to the high concentration of vapour and the cooling effect of evaporation of the liquid.[59] It auto-ignites at 465 °C (869 °F). Auto-ignition temperature is also dependent upon the exposure time, thus at some tests it is quoted as 525 °C. Also, industrial acetone is likely to contain a small amount of water which also inhibits ignition.

-Toxicity:

Acetone has been studied extensively and is believed to exhibit only slight toxicity in normal use. 
There is no strong evidence of chronic health effects if basic precautions are followed.
Acetone is generally recognized to have low acute and chronic toxicity if ingested and/or inhaled. 
Acetone is not currently regarded as a carcinogen, a mutagenic chemical nor a concern for chronic neurotoxicity effects.
Acetone can be found as an ingredient in a variety of consumer products ranging from cosmetics to processed and unprocessed foods. 
Acetone has been rated as a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) substance when present in beverages, baked foods, desserts, and preserves at concentrations ranging from 5 to 8 mg/L.
Acetone is however an irritant, causing mild skin irritation and moderate to severe eye irritation. 
At high vapor concentrations, it may depress the central nervous system like many other solvents.
Acute toxicity for mice by ingestion (LD50) is 3 g/kg, and by inhalation (LC50) is 44 g/m3 over 4 hours.


HANDLING:

Eliminate heat and ignition sources such as sparks, open flames, hot surfaces and static discharge. 
Post "No Smoking" signs. 
Electrically bond and ground equipment. Ground clips must contact bare metal. 
Do not weld, cut or perform hot work on empty container until all traces of product have been removed.


STORAGE:

Store in an area that is: cool, well-ventilated, out of direct sunlight and away from heat and ignition sources. 
Electrically bond and ground containers. 
Ground clips must contact bare metal. 
Install pressure and vacuum-relief venting in all drums. 
Equip storage tank vents with a flame arrestor.

SYNONYM:

2-propanone
propanone
67-64-1
Dimethyl ketone
propan-2-one
Methyl ketone
Dimethylformaldehyde
Pyroacetic ether
beta-Ketopropane
Dimethylketal
Chevron acetone
Ketone propane
Pyroacetic acid
Ketone, dimethyl
dimethylketone


IUPAC NAME:


2-Propanon
2-PROPANONE
2-Propanone
2-propanone
Aceton
Aceton, Dimethylketon
Acetona
Acetone
acetone


 

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