PRODUCTS

ACETYL TRIBUTYL CITRATE

Acetyl tributyl citrate is an organic compound that is used as a plasticizer. As such, it is a potential replacement of DEHP and DINP.[1] It is a colorless liquid that is soluble in organic solvents. Acetyl tributyl citrate is found in nail polish and other cosmetics. Acetyl tributyl citrate is prepared by acetylation of tributylcitrate.
Acetyl tributyl citrate is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.
Prior-sanctioned food ingredients. Substances classified as plasticizers, when migrating from food packaging material. Acetyl tributyl citrate is included on this list.

CAS No. : 77-90-7
EC No. : 201-067-0

Synonyms:
Acetyltributylcitrate; ACETYL TRIBUTYLCITRATE; ATC; ATBC; 77-90-7; tributyl 2-acetoxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate; Tributyl O-acetylcitrate; Tributyl 2-acetylcitrate; Acetyltributyl citrate; Tributyl acetylcitrate; Citroflex A; Blo-trol; Citroflex A 4; Tributyl citrate acetate; 2-Acetyltributylcitrate; Tributyl acetyl citrate; ATBC; 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-(acetyloxy)-, tributyl ester; acetyltributylcitrate; Acetylcitric acid, tributyl ester; Tributyl acetylicitrate; Citric acid, tributyl ester, acetate; Caswell No. 005AB; Tributyl O-acetylcitrate (TBoAC); Acetyl tri-n-butyl citrate; NSC 3894; Uniplex 84; Tributyl 2-acetoxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate; Acetyl butyl citrate; FEMA No. 3080; tributyl 2-acetyloxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate; CCRIS 3409; tributyl 2-(acetyloxy)propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate; tributyl 2-acetoxy-1,2, 3-propanetricarboxylate; HSDB 656; Tributyl 2-(acetyloxy)-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate; o-Acetylcitric acid tributyl ester; 2-Acetoxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid tributyl ester; EINECS 201-067-0; AI3-01999; 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-(acetyloxy)-, 1,2,3-tributyl ester; Citric acid, tributyl ester, acetate (8CI); DSSTox_CID_6446; ATBC; DSSTox_RID_78115; DSSTox_GSID_26446; Tributyl 2-(acetyloxy)-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid; 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-acetoxy-, tributyl ester; 2-(Acetyloxy)-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, tributyl ester; 2-ACETYLOXY-1,2,3-PROPANETRICARBOXYLIC ACID TRIBUTYL ESTER; CAS-77-90-7; Acetyltributyl citrate [NF]; Estaflex; Estaflex ATC; Pfizer citroflex A-4; Acetylcitric acid tributyl; INDIUM(III)SULFATE; EC 201-067-0; SCHEMBL23183; Tributyl O-acetylcitrate, 98%; CHEMBL1904556; DTXSID2026446; Acetyl Tributyl Citrate (ATBC); FEMA 3080; NSC3894; Citric acid, acetyl tributyl ester; ZINC3875493; Tributyl O-acetylcitrate (TBoAC); Tox21_112777; Tox21_201779; Tox21_303128; ATBC; LS-3129; Tributyl 2-acetylcitrate, >=98%, FG; NCI60_003698; Acetyltributylcitrate; ACETYL TRIBUTYLCITRATE; 77-90-7; tributyl 2-acetoxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate; Tributyl O-acetylcitrate; Acetyltributyl citrate; Tributyl acetylcitrate; Citroflex A; Blo-trol; Citroflex A 4; Tributyl citrate acetate; 2-Acetyltributylcitrate; Tributyl acetyl citrate; ATBC; 1,2,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-(acetyloxy)-, tributyl ester; acetyltributylcitrate; Acetylcitric acid, tributyl ester; Tributyl acetylicitrate; Citric acid, tributyl ester, acetate; Caswell No. 005AB; UNII-0ZBX0N59RZ; Acetyl tri-n-butyl citrate; NSC 3894; Uniplex 84; Tributyl 2-acetoxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate; SC-16357; A0822; ATBC; FT-0621820; Tributyl 2-acetoxy-1,3-propanetricarboxylate; Tributyl 2-acetoxy-1,2, 3-propanetricarboxylate; Q4673294; ACETYL TRIBUTYL CITRATE; SR-01000883988-1; Tributyl 2-(acetyloxy)-1,3-propanetricarboxylic acid; 2-Acetoxy-1,3-propanetricarboxylic acid tributyl ester; Tributyl 2-(acetyloxy)-1,2, 3-propanetricarboxylic acid; 1,2,3-tributyl 2-(acetyloxy)propane-1, 2,3-tricarboxylate; 2-Acetoxy-1,2, 3-propanetricarboxylic acid tributyl ester; 2-acetyloxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid tributyl ester; Tributyl 2-acetoxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate 77-90-7; 1,3-Propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-(acetyloxy)-, tributyl ester; 2-(Acetyloxy)-1,2,3-propane tricarboxylic acid, tributyl ester; Acetyltributyl citrate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard; Tributyl acetylcitrate, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard; Tributyl 2-acetylcitrate, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

Acetyl Tributyl Citrate

The metabolism of acetyl tributyl citrate was evaluated using groups of male rats (number of animals, weights, and strain not stated). Each animal received a single oral dose of 14C-acetyl tributyl citrate (dose not stated). At 48 hr post dosing, approximately 99% of the administered dose had been excreted either in urine (59% to 70%), feces (25% to 36%), or in the expired air (2%). Only 0.36% to 1.26% of the dose remained in the tissues or carcass.
The metabolism of acetyl tributyl citrate was evaluated using groups of male rats (number of animals, weights, and strain not stated). ... Both the absorption and metabolism of 14C-Acetyl tributyl Citrate proceeded rapidly, and the following metabolites were identified: acetyl citrate, monobutyl citrate, acetyl monobutyl citrate, dibutyl citrate, and acetyl dibutyl citrate.

IDENTIFICATION: Acetyl tributyl citrate is a colorless liquid. It has a very faint sweet, herb-like odor and a mild fruity taste. Acetyl tributyl citrate has moderate solubility in water. USE: Acetyl tributyl citrate is an important commercial chemical that is used as a solvent in paints, inks, and nail enamel. It is also used to make plastics more flexible, including plastics used to make toys and food wrappings. Acetyl tributyl citrate is added as a flavor ingredient in non-alcoholic beverages and is used in the manufacture of many pharmaceutical drugs. EXPOSURE: Workers that use or produce acetyl tributyl citrate may breathe in mists or have direct skin contact. The general population may be exposed to small amounts by drinking beverages containing acetyl tributyl citrate, eating foods stored in plastic materials containing acetyl tributyl citrate, or from skin contact with products containing acetyl tributyl citrate. If acetyl tributyl citrate is released to air, it will be broken down by reaction with other chemicals. It will be in or on particles that eventually fall to the ground. If released to water or soil, acetyl tributyl citrate is expected to bind to soil particles or suspended particles. Acetyl tributyl citrate is not expected to move through soil. Acetyl tributyl citrate is expected to move into air from wet soils or water surfaces. However, binding to soil may slow down this process. Acetyl tributyl citrate is expected to be broken down by microorganisms and may have moderate build up in tissues of aquatic organisms. RISK: Acetyl tributyl citrate did not cause skin irritation or allergic reactions in human volunteers. Additional information about the potential for acetyl tributyl citrate to produce toxic effects in humans was not located. Very mild to no skin irritation and moderate eye irritation have been reported in laboratory animals. No toxic effects were observed in laboratory animals given a single high oral dose of acetyl tributyl citrate. Diarrhea, weight loss, and liver damage were observed in laboratory animals repeatedly fed very high doses. Body weight loss was observed in laboratory animals following repeated skin application of high levels of acetyl tributyl citrate. No changes were observed in reproduction or development in rats exposed to high dose over a short period of time. No tumors were reported in laboratory animals following life-time exposure to high dietary levels of acetyl tributyl citrate. The potential for acetyl tributyl citrate to cause cancer in humans has not been assessed by the U.S. EPA IRIS program, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, or the U.S. National Toxicology Program 13th Report on Carcinogens.

Acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) is a colorless liquid. It is the most widely used phthalate substitute plasticizer. Acetyl tributyl citrate is used in products such as food wrap, vinyl toys, and pharmaceutical excipients. Acetyl tributyl citrate is also used as a flavor ingredient in non-alcoholic beverages. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICIY: The skin irritation potential of acetyl tributyl citrate was evaluated using 59 men and women, all of whom had history of diabetes, psoriasis, or active dermatoses. Acetyl tributyl citrate was nonirritating to the skin, and reactions suggestive of contact sensitization were not observed during the study. In vitro Acetyl tributyl citrate increased CYP3A4 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels and enzyme activity in the human intestinal cells but not in human liver cells. ANIMAL STUDIES: Acute oral toxicity of Acetyl tributyl citrate in cats and rats is low. CYP3A1 mRNA levels were increased in the intestine but not the liver of ATBC-treated rats. In a 90-day repeated-dose oral dietary study in rats, decreased body weight and organ weight changes were observed at 1000 mg/kg-bw/day. In a combined repeated dose/reproductive/ developmental toxicity study in rats, organ weight and histopathological changes were observed in adults at 1000 mg/kg-bw/day. In a 2-generation reproductive toxicity study in rats, reduced body weight was observed in F1 males at 300 mg/kg-bw/day. In the same study, no other treatment related effects were observed. In the combined repeated dose/ reproductive/ developmental toxicity study in rats previously described, histopathological changes were observed in the liver of adult males at 300 mg/kg-bw/day. In the same study, decreased litter size and decreased number of implantations were observed at 1000 mg/kg-bw/day. Acetyl tributyl citrate did not induce gene mutations in bacteria or mammalian cells in vitro and did not induce chromosomal aberrations in mammalian cells in vitro. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: For acetyl tributyl citrate, the 96-hr LC50 values for fish range from 38 to 60 mg/L, the 48-hr EC50 value for aquatic invertebrates is 7.8 mg/L and the 72-hr EC50 values for aquatic plants are 11.5 mg/L for biomass and 74.4mg/L for growth rate, respectively.

Application
Acetyl tributyl citrate (TBoAC) can be used:
• As a plasticizer to improve flexibility and impact properties of polylactide (PLA) polymer.[1]
• As a processing additive for the formulation of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymeric organic solar cells (OSCs) to improve their efficiency.[2]
• In the preparation of semiconducting biopolymer composites of poly(3-hydroxy butyrate) (PHB).[3]
• In the synthesis of functionalized poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC) membranes for selective separation of perchlorate from water.

The skin irritation potential of acetyl tributyl citrate was evaluated using 59 men and women (age range = 21-60 years), all of whom had history of diabetes, psoriasis, or active dermatoses. ... Occlusive patches moistened with 0.4 mL of acetyl tributyl citrate were applied to the upper arm of each subject on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays for 3 consecutive weeks. Each patch was removed 24 hours post application. Induction reactions were scored prior to patch applications (second through ninth visits) and at the time of the tenth visit. Duplicate challenge of the test material was made after a two-week non-treatment period. ... One challenge patch was applied to the original test site, and , another, to an adjacent site. Challenge reactions were scored at 48 and 96 hours post application. /Acetyl tributyl citrate/ was nonirritating to the skin, and reactions suggestive of contact sensitization were not observed during the study.
The in vitro cytotoxicity of acetyl tributyl citrate in HeLa cell cultures (human cell line) was evaluated using the metabolic inhibition test, supplemented by microscopy of cells after 24 hours of incubation (the MIT-24 test system). ... After 24 hours, cell viability was determined by microscopy. Two endpoints of cytoinhibition (total and partial inhibition) were estimated after 24 hours, based on the absence or scarcity of spindle-shaped cells, and, after 7 days.... The following values for minimal inhibitory concentration were reported for acetyl tributyl citrate: 13 mg/mL (for total inhibition at 24 hours), 3.8 mg/mL (for partial inhibition at 24 hours), and 5.7 mg/mL (for total and partial inhibition at 7 days). Acetyl tributyl citrate caused little toxicity in HeLa cell cultures.

The effects of polyvinyl-chloride (PVC) tubing extracts were investigated in isolated ileum of guinea-pigs. Ileum were isolated and mounted in tissue baths. Tubing ingredients from PVC or tubing extracts of the plasticizer acetyl-N-tributyl-citrate (Acetyl tributyl citrate) were added to the bath for 15 minutes. Contractions or modifications of methacholine responses were measured. ...A significant and characteristic effect was seen for Acetyl tributyl citrate in ileum, consisting of rapid contractions and relaxations which were dependent on concentrations. The spasms were unaffected by tetrodotoxin. No spasmogenic effect was seen for Acetyl tributyl citrate in human small intestine or colon. None of the other tubing ingredients had any spasmogenic action, including PVC extracts. No methacholine contractions occurred with the other ingredients. Tubing extracts containing Acetyl tributyl citrate produced spasms similar to chemical Acetyl tributyl citrate.
Steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR) is activated by endogenous and exogenous chemicals including steroids, bile acids, and prescription drugs. SXR is highly expressed in the liver and intestine, where it regulates cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), which in turn controls xenobiotic and endogenous steroid hormone metabolism. However, it is unclear whether Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved plasticizers exert such activity. ...We found that four of eight FDA-approved plasticizers increased SXR-mediated transcription. In particular, acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC), an industrial plasticizer widely used in products such as food wrap, vinyl toys, and pharmaceutical excipients, strongly activated human and rat SXR. Acetyl tributyl citrate increased CYP3A4 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels and enzyme activity in the human intestinal cells but not in human liver cells.

Acute Exposure/ The acute oral toxicity of Acetyl tributyl citrate was evaluated using five rats (strain and weight not stated). The test substance was administered at doses ranging from 10 to 30 mL/kg, and animals were observed for 3 weeks. Signs of systemic toxicity were not observed, and none of the animals died.
A single dose of acetyl tributyl citrate (30 to 50 mL/kg) was administered by stomach tube to each of four fasted cats (weights not stated), and animals were observed for 2 months. Two additional cats served as controls. Signs of nausea were observed in test animals, and, within a few hours of dosing, diarrhea (oozing of oily material) was noted. The diarrhea subsided within 24 hours of dosing. The behavior and general appearance of animals indicated systemic toxicity. Two cats dosed with 50 mL/kg were used for hematological evaluations and no effects on the following blood parameters were found: blood cell counts, hemoglobin, sugar, nonprotein nitrogen, or creatinine. Results from urinalyses indicate no abnormalities in specific gravity, albumin, sugar, pH, or microscopic formed elements.

Acetyl tributyl citrate is not reported as found in nature.
Acetyl tributyl citrate's production and use as a plasticizer for vinyl and other resin(1,2), as a solvent and functional fluid in adhesives, paints, coating and inks(2) as a flavor ingredient(3) and in nail enamel(4) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).
Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 3280(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 4.90(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that acetyl tributyl citrate is expected to have slight mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of acetyl tributyl citrate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.2X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its estimated vapor pressure, 3X10-4 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 5 mg/L(4). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). Acetyl tributyl citrate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its estimated vapor pressure of 3X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3). An 82% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(5) suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). Acetyl tributyl citrate was shown to biodegrade extensively in several other biodegradation studies and simulation tests(6,7). Two soil degradation studies observed rapid biomineralization of acetyl tributyl citrate(7).

What Is It?
Acetyl Triethyl Citrate, Acetyl Tributyl Citrate, Acetyl Trihexyl Citrate and Acetyl Triethylhexyl Citrate are a clear oily liquids with essentially no odor. In cosmetics and personal care products, Acetyl Triethyl Citrate and Acetyl Tributyl Citrate are used mainly in the formulation of nail care products. Acetyl Tributyl Citrate may also be found in eye makeup.

Why is it used in cosmetics and personal care products?
Acetyl Triethyl Citrate, Acetyl Tributyl Citrate, Acetyl Trihexyl Citrate and Acetyl Triethylhexyl Citrate may be used as plasticizers for film-forming ingredients. Acetyl Trihexyl Citrate and Acetyl Triethylhexyl Citrate may also be used as skin conditioning agents - emollients.
Acetyl Triethyl Citrate, Acetyl Tributyl Citrate, Acetyl Trihexyl Citrate and Acetyl Triethylhexyl Citrate are esters of citric acid. Citric acid may be obtained from natural sources such as citrus fruits.

According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), acetyl tributyl citrate, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 3X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase acetyl tributyl citrate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 27 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.4X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(2). Particulate-phase acetyl tributyl citrate may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC).
Acetyl tributyl citrate, present at an initial concentration of 30 mg/L, reached 82% of the theoretical BOD in 4 weeks with an activated sludge inoculum at 100 mg/L in the modified MITI test which classified the compound as readily biodegradable(1). Acetyl tributyl citrate was shown to biodegrade extensively in several other biodegradation studies and simulation tests(2,3). In a sewage column degradation test using acclimated sludge, acetyl tributyl citrate biodegraded >90% in hours(3). An aerobic biodegradation test in soil using a static biometer system found acetyl tributyl citrate to be readily biodegradable with theoretical CO2 evolution of 72.9% to >100% (as various concentrations) over 42 days of incubation(3). A 52-day aerobic study in soil observed rapid biodegradation with mineralization (ThCO2) of 83 to >100% over 52 days(3).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of acetyl tributyl citrate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.4X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 27 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 5.8X10-2 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(1); this corresponds to half-lives of 3.8 years and 140 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(1).
An estimated BCF of 35 was calculated in fish for acetyl tributyl citrate(SRC), using a log Kow of 4.92(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC), provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC).
The Koc of acetyl tributyl citrate is estimated as 3280(SRC), using a log Kow of 4.92(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that acetyl tributyl citrate is expected to have slight mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for acetyl tributyl citrate is estimated as 3.2X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its estimated vapor pressure, 3.0X10-4 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 5 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that acetyl tributyl citrate is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 2.6 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 25 days(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 335 days if adsorption is considered(4). Acetyl tributyl citrate's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur, but the rate may be attenuated by adsorption to soil(SRC). Acetyl tributyl citrate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).
Acetyl tributyl citrate was identified in 2 water samples taken from the River Lee, Great Britain at trace levels(1).
Acetyl tributyl citrate is reportedly used as a flavor ingredient in nonalcoholic beverages at a concentration of 1.0 ppm(1). A monitoring study of hospital diets in Japan for plasticizers in hospital food detected acetyl tributyl citrate at levels (in one hospital) that corresponded to a daily intake of 1228 ug/day(2); the source of the acetyl tributyl citrate in the food was suspected to be cling-film wrapping or other packaging(2). Monitoring tests determined that acetyl tributyl citrate plasticizer in plastic films migrated from the film into cooked poultry meat during microwave cooking(3).

Food-grade polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cling-film containing 5.3% (w/w) di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA) and 3.0% (w/w) acetyl tributyl citrate (ATC) plasticizers was used to wrap halawa tehineh (halva) samples. Samples were split into two groups and stored at 25+/-1 degrees C. One group was analyzed for DEHA and Acetyl tributyl citrate content at intervals between 0.5 and 240hr of contact (kinetic study) and a second group was cut into slices (1.5mm thick) after 240hr of halva/PVC contact and was analyzed for DEHA and Acetyl tributyl citrate content (penetration study). Determination of both plasticizers was performed using a direct gas chromatographic (GC) method after extraction of DEHA from halva samples. DEHA readily migrated into halva samples: the equilibrium amount of DEHA in halva (3.31mg/sq dm film or 81.4mg/kg halva) corresponding to a loss of 54.7% (w/w) DEHA from PVC film. This value is slightly higher than the limit of 3mg/ sq dm of film surface set by the European Union for DEHA. The equilibrium amount of Acetyl tributyl citrate in halva was 1.46mg/sq dm (36.1mg/kg) corresponding to a loss of 42.7% Acetyl tributyl citrate from PVC film. With regard to the penetration of both placticizers into halva samples, migration of DEHA was detectable up to the 7th slice beneath the surface of halva (total depth 10.5mm) while the migration of Acetyl tributyl citrate was detectable up to the 5th slice (total depth 7.5mm).

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 6 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in their respective industrial use in the United States manufacturing, processing, or use of acetyl tributyl citrate (77-90-7) may be as low as <10 workers up to the range of 50-99 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).
NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 106,672 workers (98,182 of these are female) are potentially exposed to acetyl tributyl citrate in the US(1). Occupational exposure to acetyl tributyl citrate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where acetyl tributyl citrate is produced or used(SRC). Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to acetyl tributyl citrate via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food containing this compound, and dermal contact with consumer products (such as cosmetics, paints and inks) containing acetyl tributyl citrate(SRC).

About Acetyl tributyl citrate
Helpful information
Acetyl tributyl citrate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 per annum.
Acetyl tributyl citrate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Consumer Uses
Acetyl tributyl citrate is used in the following products: coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, finger paints, polishes and waxes, adhesives and sealants, metal surface treatment products, non-metal-surface treatment products, inks and toners, polymers, washing & cleaning products and cosmetics and personal care products.
Other release to the environment of Acetyl tributyl citrate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).

Article service life
Other release to the environment of Acetyl tributyl citrate is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment), outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints).
Acetyl tributyl citrate can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles.
Acetyl tributyl citrate can be found in products with material based on: plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones), rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys), paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper), wood (e.g. floors, furniture, toys) and plastic used for articles with intense direct dermal (skin) contact during normal use (e.g. handles, ball pens).

Widespread uses by professional workers
Acetyl tributyl citrate is used in the following products: coating products, finger paints, metal surface treatment products, inks and toners, polymers, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, non-metal-surface treatment products and washing & cleaning products.
Acetyl tributyl citrate is used in the following areas: printing and recorded media reproduction and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Acetyl tributyl citrate is used for the manufacture of: plastic products.
Other release to the environment of Acetyl tributyl citrate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Formulation or re-packing
Acetyl tributyl citrate is used in the following products: polymers, washing & cleaning products, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, finger paints, metal surface treatment products, non-metal-surface treatment products, inks and toners and cosmetics and personal care products.
Release to the environment of Acetyl tributyl citrate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.

Uses at industrial sites
Acetyl tributyl citrate is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, pharmaceuticals, polymers, washing & cleaning products, adhesives and sealants, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, finger paints, metal surface treatment products, non-metal-surface treatment products, inks and toners, leather treatment products, lubricants and greases, paper chemicals and dyes, polishes and waxes and textile treatment products and dyes.
Acetyl tributyl citrate is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging, printing and recorded media reproduction and health services.
Acetyl tributyl citrate is used for the manufacture of: plastic products, chemicals and food products.
Release to the environment of Acetyl tributyl citrate can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), of substances in closed systems with minimal release, in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid, for thermoplastic manufacture and as processing aid.
Manufacture
Release to the environment of Acetyl tributyl citrate can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.

Acetyl tributyl citrate's production and use as a plasticizer for vinyl and other resins, as a solvent and functional fluid in adhesives, paints, coating and inks and as a flavor ingredient may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, an estimated vapor pressure of 3X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates acetyl tributyl citrate will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase acetyl tributyl citrate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 27 hours. Particulate-phase acetyl tributyl citrate will be removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. If released to soil, acetyl tributyl citrate is expected to have slight mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 3,280. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.2X10-5 atm-cu m/mole. However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization. Acetyl tributyl citrate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its estimated vapor pressure. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 82% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in 4 weeks indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil and water. Two soil degradation studies observed rapid biomineralization of acetyl tributyl citrate. If released into water, acetyl tributyl citrate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Acetyl tributyl citrate has been shown to biodegrade extensively in several other biodegradation studies and simulation tests. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.6 and 25 days, respectively. However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 335 days if adsorption is considered. An estimated BCF of 35 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate. Estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 3.8 years and 140 days were determined for pH 7 and 8, respectively. Occupational exposure to acetyl tributyl citrate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where acetyl tributyl citrate is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to acetyl tributyl citrate via ingestion of food containing this compound, and dermal contact with consumer products (such as cosmetic, paints and inks) containing acetyl tributyl citrate.