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Allura Red Food Dye is a red azo dye that goes by several names, including FD&C Red 40.[1] It is used as a food dye and has the E number E129.It is usually supplied as its red sodium salt, but can also be used as the calcium and potassium salts. These salts are soluble in water. In solution, its maximum absorbance lies at about 504 nm.
CAS NO:25956-17-6
EC NO:247-368-0
E number: E129
IUPAC NAMES:
Allura Red AC; FD&C Red 40
disodium (5E)-5-[2-(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfonatophenyl)hydrazin-1-ylidene]-6-oxo-5,6-dihydronaphthalene-2-sulfonate
disodium 6-hydroxy-5-[(2-methoxy-3-methyl-4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]naphthalene-2-sulfonate
Disodium 6-hydroxy-5-[(2-methoxy-4-sulphonato-m-tolyl)azo]naphthalene-2-sulphonate
disodium 6-hydroxy-5-[(E)-2-(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfophenyl)diazen-1-yl]naphthalene-2-sulfonate
SYNONYMS:
Allura Red AC
25956-17-6
Allura Red
Allura red AC dye
C.I. Food Red 17
Food red 17
Food Red No. 40
FD&C Red No. 40
Curry red
ALLURA RED C.I.16035
UNII-WZB9127XOA
CI 16035
Red No. 40
FD and C Red No. 40
FD & C Red no. 40
WZB9127XOA
MFCD00059526
2-Naphthalenesulfonic acid, 6-hydroxy-5-((2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfophenyl)azo)-, disodium salt
E129
CI 16035; Food Red 17; Fancy Red;
Fancy Red
Disodium 6-hydroxy-5-((2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfophenyl)azo)-2-naphthalenesulfonate
Allura Red 40
FDC Red 40
CHEMBL174821
Japan Food Red No. 40
Disodium 6-hydroxy-5-[(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonate
2-Naphthalenesulfonic acid, 6-hydroxy-5-[(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfophenyl)azo]-, disodium salt
sodium (E)-6-hydroxy-5-((2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl)naphthalene-2-sulfonate
C.I.16035
ALLURAREDAC
Japan Red 40
CCRIS 3493
HSDB 7260
disodium 6-hydroxy-5-[(E)-(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]naphthalene-2-sulfonate
disodium;6-hydroxy-5-[(E)-(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]naphthalene-2-sulfonate
2-Naphthalenesulfonic acid, 6-hydroxy-5-(2-(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfophenyl)diazenyl)-, sodium salt (1:2)
2-Naphthalenesulfonic acid, 6-hydroxy-5-[2-(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfophenyl)diazenyl]-, sodium salt (1:2)
Disodium 6-hydroxy-5-((6-methoxy-4-sulfo-m-tolyl)azo)-2-naphthalenesulfonate
2-Naphthalenesulfonic acid, 6-hydroxy-5-((6-methoxy-4-sulfo-m-tolyl)azo)-, disodium salt
Allura Red AC, analytical standard
Allura Red AC, Dye content 80 %
Disodium 6-hydroxy-5-((2-methoxy-4-sulphonato-m-tolyl)azo)naphthalene-2-sulphonate
Disodium 6-hydroxy-5-((2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfophenyl)azo)-2-naphthalene- sulfonate
Allura Red AC 100 microg/mL in Water
6-Hydroxy-5-((2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfophenyl)azo)-2-naphthalene- sulfonic acid, disodium salt
Sodium 6-hydroxy-5-((2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl)naphthalene-2-sulfonate
disodium;(5Z)-5-[(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfonatophenyl)hydrazinylidene]-6-oxonaphthalene-2-sulfonate
ALLURA RED FOOD DYE
Use as a consumable coloring agent
Allura Red Food Dye is a popular dye used worldwide. Annual production in 1980 was greater than 2.3 million kilograms.[3]
The European Union approves Allura Red Food Dye as a food colorant, but EU countries' local laws banning food colorants are preserved.[4] In the United States, Allura Red AC is approved by the FDA for use in cosmetics, drugs, and food. When prepared as a lake it is disclosed as Red 40 Lake or Red 40 Aluminum Lake. It is used in some tattoo inks and is used in many products, such as cotton candy, soft drinks, cherry flavored products, children's medications, and dairy products. It is occasionally used to dye medicinal pills, such as the antihistamine fexofenadine, for purely aesthetic reasons.[5] It is by far the most commonly used red dye in the United States, completely replacing amaranth (Red 2) and also replacing erythrosine (Red 3) in most applications due to the negative health effects of those two dyes.
Consumer Uses
Allura Red Food Dye is used in the following products: biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), fertilisers, plant protection products, cosmetics and personal care products, inks and toners, washing & cleaning products, air care products and textile treatment products and dyes.
Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
Article service life
Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).
Allura Red Food Dye can be found in products with material based on: paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper), stone, plaster, cement, glass or ceramic (e.g. dishes, pots/pans, food storage containers, construction and isolation material), fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys), leather (e.g. gloves, shoes, purses, furniture), metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery), wood (e.g. floors, furniture, toys) and plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones).
Widespread uses by professional workers
Allura Red Food Dye is used in the following products: inks and toners, cosmetics and personal care products, paper chemicals and dyes, textile treatment products and dyes, plant protection products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), fertilisers, washing & cleaning products, non-metal-surface treatment products, leather treatment products and water treatment chemicals.
Allura Red Food Dye is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing, printing and recorded media reproduction and building & construction work.
Allura Red Food Dye is used for the manufacture of: textile, leather or fur, wood and wood products, food products and pulp, paper and paper products.
Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
Formulation or re-packing
Allura Red Food Dye is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products.
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Uses at industrial sites
Allura Red Food Dye is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, inks and toners, paper chemicals and dyes, textile treatment products and dyes, metal surface treatment products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, fertilisers, plant protection products, leather treatment products and water treatment chemicals.
Allura Red Food Dye is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing and building & construction work.
Allura Red Food Dye is used for the manufacture of: textile, leather or fur, wood and wood products, pulp, paper and paper products, chemicals and plastic products.
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles and in processing aids at industrial sites.
Allura Red Food Dye consists essentially of disodium 2-hydroxy-1-(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfonato-phenylazo) naphthalene-6-sulfonate and subsidiary colouring matters together with sodium chloride and/or sodium sulphate as the principal uncoloured components.
Allura Red Food Dye is manufactured by coupling diazotized 5-amino-4-methoxy-2-toluenesulphonic acid with 6-hydroxy-2-naphthalene sulphonic acid; Allura Red AC is described as the sodium salt. The calcium and the potassium salt are also permitted.
Allura Red Food Dye is a synthetic color additive or food dye made from petroleum .
Allura Red Food Dye is one of the nine certified color additives approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in foods and beverages (2Trusted Source).
Allura Red Food Dye is also approved as a food dye for use within the European Union (3).
Certified color additives must undergo FDA certification every time a new batch is produced to ensure they contain what they’re legally supposed to.
Conversely, exempt color additives do not require batch certification, but the FDA must still approve them before they can be used in foods or beverages.
Exempt color additives come from natural sources, such as fruits, vegetables, herbs, minerals, and insects .
Manufacturers use color additives in foods and beverages to enhance naturally occurring colors, add color for visual appeal, and offset color loss that may occur due to storage conditions.
Compared with their natural alternatives, synthetically produced color additives provide a more uniform color, blend easier, are cheaper, and do not add undesirable flavors .
For this reason, synthetic color additives are used more widely than natural color additives.
How to identify Allura Red Food Dye
As one of the most widely used color additives, Allura Red Food Dye is found in a variety of foods and beverages, including :
Dairy products: flavored milk, yogurt, puddings, ice cream, and popsicles
Sweets and baked goods: cakes, pastries, candy, and chewing gum
Snacks and other items: breakfast cereals and bars, jello, fruit snacks, chips
Beverages: soda, sports drinks, energy drinks, and powdered drink mixes, including some protein powders
According to studies, breakfast cereals, juice drinks, soft drinks, baked goods, and frozen dairy desserts are the greatest contributors of synthetic food dyes in the diet (3, 8Trusted Source, 30Trusted Source, 31Trusted Source).
Like other color additives, Allura Red Food Dye is also used in the production of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals (4Trusted Source).
You can identify Allura Red Food Dye by reading the ingredient list. It’s also known as:
Red 40
Red 40 Lake
FD&C Red No. 40
FD&C Red No. 40 Aluminum Lake
Allura Red AC
CI Food Red 17
INS No. 129
E129
While manufacturers are not required to list the amount of an ingredient used, they must list ingredients in descending order by weight.
This means that the first ingredient listed contributes the most by weight while the last ingredient listed contributes the least.
Allura Red Food Dye (E129) is an azo dye that widely used in drinks, juices, bakery, meat, and sweets products.
Food Colorant: Allura Red Food Dye (E 129)
Natural and synthetic dyes are classified into soluble colorants. Natural colors are obtained from various food or natural materials, for example riboflavin (E 101), chlorophylls (E 140), carotenes (E 160a), betalain (E 162) or anthocyans (E 163). Natural colors are not precise stable, so it could be characterized by their specific physiological activity. Synthetic colors are originally manufactured from coal tar or purified oil products (Amchova et al., 2015). Synthetic food colors have high stability to light, oxygen, pH changes and relatively low cost as compared to natural color (Gómez, 2012). Synthetic food dyes are chemically synthesized which found wide compounds structures on their structural characteristics (Carmen, 2008). Azo dyes have found more than 3000 compounds in worldwide uses and accounted about 65% of the commercial dye in the market (Ahlström et al., 2005).
Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants (CCFAC) formed an International Numbering System (INS) for food colorant to be identifying on the list of ingredients by a three-digit number. These given numbers have replaced by the specific name of the colorants that are so long due to complex chemical structure. Based on EU, a system of E numbers has implemented in order to identify all food additives. E number is composed of the letter E represented for Europe, followed by the INS three-digit number, for example Allura Red is E 129 (Amchova et al., 2015).Allura Red Food Dye has been approved by European Union (EU) Register and listed in Annex I of Directive 94/36/EC. Allura Red most commonly used synonyms of Food Red No. 40 and Food, Drug and Cosmetics Red No. 40 (FD&C Red No. 40). Allura Red consisted of disodium 2-hydroxy-1-(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulphonato-phenylazo)naphthalene-6-sulphonate and subsidiary coloring agents, with sodium chloride and sodium sulfate as the principal uncolored components (European Food Safety Authority [EFSA], 2012). Allura Red manufactured by coupling diazotized 5-amino-4-methoxy-2-toluenesulphonic acid with 6-hydroxy-2-naphthalene sulphonic acid. The molecular formula of Allura Red Food Dye
is C18H14N2Na2O8S2 (MW: 496.42 g/mol) It is dark red in color and water-soluble powder or granules, but slightly soluble in 50% ethanol. The maximum absorption in water is 504 nm, at pH 7 (E1 cm1% = 540). In order to replace Amaranth (E123), Allura Red Food Dye
was first time introduced in the US since 1980s and it had synthesized by the classical process of diazotization (Carmen, 2008). It has permitted to be used as a food additive in food products.
Physical Description
Allura Red Food Dye is principally the disodium salt of 6-hydroxy-5-[(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid. Allura red is an orange red dye that has a red to brownish shade in applications.
Common Uses
Allura Red Food Dye is used in cereal, beverages, gelatins, puddings, dairy products, frozen treats, powder mixes, icings, jellies, spices, dressings, sauces, baked goods and confections. FD&C Red No. 40 is also used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
Allura Red Food Dye is a synthetic colouring agent that belongs to the class of monoazo dyes.
Manufacturing process
Allura Red Food Dye is manufactured by coupling diazotized 5-amino-4-methoxy-2-toluenesulphonic acid (also called 4-amino-5-methoxy-2-methylbenzenesulfonic acid or p-cresidine sulfonic acid, p-CSA) with 6- hydroxy-2-naphthalene sulphonic acid (the sodium salt is called Shaeffer’s salt) (HSDB, 2006). The resulting dye is purified and isolated as the sodium salt. Allura Red Food Dye may be converted to the corresponding aluminium lake under aqueous conditions by
reacting aluminium oxide with the colouring matter. Undried aluminium oxide is usually freshly prepared by reacting aluminium sulfate or aluminium chloride with sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate, or aqueous ammonia. Following lake formation, the product is filtered, washed with water, and dried.
Molecular formula C18H14N2Na2O8S2
Formula weight 496.43
CAS Registry Number 25956-17-6
Chemical name Disodium 6-hydroxy-5-[(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-
sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenesulfonate
Synonyms Allura Red, Allura Red AC, INS No. 129, CI Food Red 17, CI
16035 (Colour Index, 1975), Food Red No. 40, E 129, certified
by USA as FD&C Red No. 40
Assay Not less than 85% total colouring matters
Description Dark red powder or granules
Functional uses Colour
Solubility Freely soluble in water and slightly soluble in 50% ethanol
Functional use
Allura Red Food Dye is allowed as a food colour in the EU, Japan, Australia, USA, and other regions. It is used in various types of foods including beverages, frozen treats, powder mixes, gelatin products, candies, icings, jellies, spices, dressings, sauces, baked goods, and dairy products
General description
Allura Red Food Dye is a food azo dye.[1] It is a dark red powder or granules, that is soluble in water and insoluble in ethanol.[2]
Not all of the foods with Allura Red Food Dye are red. You will also find it in brown, blue, green, orange, and even white food products, too. Take pickles for example. A combination of artificial dyes, including Allura Red Food Dye, are used to give some pickles a more pronounced yellow-green color.
You can find Allura Red Food Dye in a wide range of foods and beverages, including:
Candy
Condiments
Snack foods
Baked goods
Beverages
Salad dressings
Dairy products
Frozen desserts
Breakfast cereals
Fruit bars
Sauces
Food items aren’t the only place you’ll find this artificial coloring. Many personal care products, such as toothpaste and mouthwash, can be artificially dyed. Even more disconcerting, some prescription medications may be tinted with the stuff.
Red 40 is a food color additive that manufacturers use to control the color of their products. Specifically, Red 40 makes food the color red.
The food coloring dye also comes with other names such as Allura Red AC, FD&C Red 40, Food Red 17, Cosmetic Ingredient 16035, and E129.
A synthetic azo dye, the chemical structure of Red 40 makes this compound soluble in water as well as having a dark red color. Under a spectrophotometer, its absorbance is about 504 nm which appropriately puts the compound in the range of the red color spectrum.
Allura Red Food Dye is a lab-manufactured dye that’s used as a colorant in food, cosmetics, over-the-counter medicines, and even prescription drugs. It’s what creates the bright red color in sodas, sauces, and cherry-flavored cough syrups. It’s often the red used to color cosmetics and other items used on the skin, as well.
You won’t just find it in red-colored products, though. This food coloring is used to add color to pickles, chocolate pudding, flavored chips, and many other treats. The red food dye can mix with other colors to create specific effects, so the only way to find out if something contains Allura Red Food Dye is to read the label.
The tricky thing with labels is that these food additives aren’t always listed with the same terms. Here are a few of the names for red food dye that you might find in the ingredients.
Red 40
Red No. 40
Red #40
Allura Red
Allura Red AC
FD&C Red No. 40
FD and C Red No. 40
C. I. 16035
C.I. Food Red 17
You might also come across the name Allura Red Food Dye. A lake is a slightly different chemical preparation from food dye and is non-water soluble. A chemical compound (in this case, aluminum hydroxide) is mixed with the dye base.
Allura Red Food Dye is what is commonly used for things like cosmetics, red medicine coatings, candy coatings, and other solids.
Allura Red comprises disodium 2-hydroxy-1-nephthalene-6-sulfonate and is supported by subsidiary coloring matters in combination with sodium chloride/sodium sulfate as principal uncolored component. As a sodium salt, the organic compounds other than coloring matters it contains include 6-hydroxy-2-naphthalene sulfonic acid, sodium salt (Not more than 0.3%); 6,6-oxybis disodium salt (Not more than 0.1%) and 4-amino-5-methoxy-2-methylbenzene sulfonic acid (Not more than 0.2%).
Description
FD & C Red No. 40 is principally the disodium salt of 6-hydroxy5-[(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfophenyl)azo]2-napthalenesulfonic acid.
The colorant is a red powder that dissolves in water to give a solution red at neutrality and in acid and dark red in base. It is slightly soluble in 95% ethanol.
FD & C Red No. 40 is used in gelatins, puddings, custards, alcoholic and nonalcoholic beveraes, sauces, toppings, candy sugars, frostings, fruits, juices, dairy products, bakery products, jams, jellies, condiments, meat, and poultry. FD & C Red No. 40 is also used for coloring drugs and cosmetics.1 .
Chemical Properties
Red powder
Uses
Color additive in foods, drugs and cosmetics. It is used as a food dye and has the E number E129.
Uses
Color additive in foods, drugs and cosmetics.
Uses
Allura Red Food Dye is a colorant. It has good stability to ph changes from ph 3 to 8, showing no appreciable change. It has excellent solubility in water with a solubility of 22 g/100 ml at 25°c. It has very good stability to light, fair to poor stability to oxidation, good stability to heat, and shows no appreciable change in stability in 10% sugar systems. It has a yellowish-red hue and has a very good tinctorial strength. It has very good compatibility with food components and is used in beverages, desserts, candy, confections, cereals, and ice cream.
Allura Red Food Dye, a food colourant, is dark red and water-soluble powder or granules used in various applications, such as in drinks, syrups, sweets and cereals. Allura Red Food Dye has the ability to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA through static quenching.
Purpose:
Allura Red Food Dye is an artificial dye used to colour foods, medications, and cosmetics.
Description:
Byproducts of the petroleum industry are used to produce allura red. In fact, many organic compounds used in food additives and pharmaceuticals come from petroleum products.
It looks like a dark red powder.
When you look it up, you often see allura red described as an azo dye. So, what does that even mean?
Very simply put, an azo dye is a chemical compound where two hydrocarbon groups (A hydrocarbon is an organic compound made entirely from hydrogen and carbon atoms. There are many different kinds of hydrocarbons) are joined by two nitrogen atoms. The letters azo are derived from the french word for nitrogen, azote.
Azo dyes account for roughly 60 to 70% of all dyes used in the food and textile industries. The reason they are so popular is that azo dyes are cheap to produce and are more stable than most natural food dyes.
Common Uses:
Allura Red Food Dye is commonly used in many processed foods including baked goods, candy, cereal, dairy products, drinks, sauces, and snacks.
Allura Red Food Dye is a red azo dye that goes by several names, including FD&C Red 40. It is used as a food dye and has the E number E129.
It is usually supplied as its red sodium salt, but can also be used as the calcium and potassium salts. These salts are soluble in water. In solution, its maximum absorbance lies at about 504 nm.
Use as food color
Allura Red Food Dye is a popular dye used worldwide. Annual production in 1980 was greater than 2.3 million kilograms.[3]
The European Union approves Allura Red Food Dye as a food colorant. In the United States, Allura Red Food Dye is approved by the FDA for use in cosmetics, drugs, and food. When prepared as a lake it is disclosed as Red 40 Lake or Red 40 Aluminum Lake. It is used in some tattoo inks and is used in many products, such as cotton candy, soft drinks, cherry flavored products, children's medications, and dairy products. It is by far the most commonly used red dye in the United States, completely replacing amaranth (Red 2) and also replacing erythrosine (Red 3) in most applications.
Allura Red Food Dye is a red azo dye which looks like a dark red powder and used as a food dye. Ungraded products supplied by TCI America are generally suitable for common industrial uses or for research purposes but typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.
Allura Red Food Dye is a synthetic acid dye containing both NN and CC chromophore groups (pyrazolone dye); dark red powder; soluble in water; melting point 300 C. used in coloring food, cosmetics and meications (FD & C Red No.2). The chemical designation is 2-hydroxy-1-(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfonato-phenylazo) nephthalene- 6-sulfonate, disodium salt. Acid dyes are water-soluble dyes employed mostly in the form of sodium salts of the sulfonic or carboxylic acids. They are anionic which attach strongly to cationic groups in the fibre directly. They can be applicable to all kind of natural fibres like wool, cotton and silk as well as to synthetics like polyesters, acrylic and rayon. But they are not substantive to cellulosic fibres. They are also used in paints, inks, plastics and leather.
USES
Its name is Allura Red Food Dye. The specified E code is E129. It is used as a coloring agent in foods.
Well, who is it?
It is primarily an artificial colorant. And it provides a deep red color to the product. Allura Red Food Dye is available in powder or granular form. Very good water solubility. It is insoluble in ethanol. It is also called synthetic azo dye. It can come across with names such as Allura red, CI Food Red 17.
Which products are used?
Allura Red Food Dye can be used in many products. It is widely used in confectionery. Apart from that, it can be used in bakery products, flavored drinks, edible ice, desserts, meat products, dried fruits and vegetables. Apart from the food sector, it is used in pharmacy, cosmetics and in the toy industry (play dough).
Usage and usage amounts are specified according to the Turkish Food Codex Food Additives Regulation.
Oil-based or oil-soluble Allura Red Food Dye food coloring, which is in the class of synthetic food dyes, is used in limited quantities in products permitted in the food codex. It is used in ice cream production, iced beverages, carbonated drinks when necessary, fruit soda production.
In addition, it is used in the production of confectionery products, jellies, flavored beverages, chewing gum varieties with sugar and low sugar, bakery products, pastry, etc. in many food production.
Apart from food, it is also used in the coloring of many products that come into contact with people, such as medicine, cosmetics, detergent products, auto care products, very small amount of agricultural products, cleaning products, colored stones, play dough, etc.
Allura Red Food Dye gives a bright red color and this food coloring is soluble in oil.
