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Amido amines are multifunctional organic compounds formed by the condensation of fatty acids with polyamines, producing molecules that contain both amide linkages and unreacted amine groups, which together impart moderated basicity, controlled reactivity, enhanced adhesion, and broad compatibility with polymer systems.
In industrial applications, amido amines are widely used as epoxy curing agents because they provide extended pot life, reduced exotherm, excellent substrate wetting, and strong adhesion to metals, concrete, and composites, making them essential in coatings, flooring systems, adhesives, civil engineering grouts, and marine maintenance.
Their amphiphilic character and strong surface adsorption also make amido amines highly effective as corrosion inhibitors, surfactants, asphalt anti-stripping agents, and lubricant additives, while their tunable structure allows manufacturers to engineer products with targeted viscosities, cure profiles, and mechanical performance.
CAS Number: 61790-69-0
EC Number: 263-110-4
Molecular Formula: R–CO–NH–(CH₂)_n–NH–R′
Molecular Weight: Typically 300–1500 g/mol
Synonyms: Amidoamine, Fatty amidoamine, Polyamine amide, Amine–amide hybrid, Partially amidated polyamine, Epoxy amidoamine hardener, Amidoamine curing agent, TOFA–polyamine adduct, Tall-oil fatty acid amidoamine, Fatty acid–polyamine condensate, Polyamide-amine adduct, Amide-terminated amine, Amine-functional amide, Amidoamine resin hardener, Amidoamine epoxy hardener, Polyamine–fatty acid reaction product, Fatty acid amine adduct, Long-chain amidoamine, Modified polyamine hardener, Fatty polyamine derivative, Amide-modified amine, Amine-modified amide, Amidated polyamine, Amine/amide hybrid curing agent, Fatty acid amine condensate, Fatty acid–amine reaction product, Alkyl amidoamine, Amidoamine intermediate, Amidoamine surfactant precursor, Amidoamine corrosion inhibitor, Amidoamine adhesion promoter, Amidoamine epoxy accelerator, Polyamine condensate, Fatty polyamine adduct, Dimer-acid amidoamine, Polyamide curing agent (low-MW), Amidoamine dispersant, Amidoamine emulsifier precursor, Amidoamine lubricant additive, Amidoamine anti-stripping agent, Epoxy resin amidoamine component, Semi-polyamide hardener, Amidoamine modified TEPA, Amidoamine modified TETA, Amidoamine modified DETA, Fatty amide–polyamine hybrid, Mixed amide–amine curing system, Amidonated polyamine, Amidoamine reactive diluent (broad family), Amidoamine binder additive
Amido amines are a versatile class of organic compounds formed by the reaction of fatty acids or synthetic carboxylic acids with polyamines, producing molecules that contain both amide and amine functional groups within the same structure.
This dual functionality gives amido amines a unique combination of reactivity, surface activity, and polymer-curing behavior, distinguishing them from simple aliphatic amines and conventional amides.
Structurally, an amido amine generally consists of a long aliphatic or partially branched hydrocarbon chain attached to an amide linkage (–CONH–), which is further connected to either a primary, secondary, or tertiary amine group.
The general structure may be represented as:
R–CO–NH–(CH₂)_n–NH–R'
Where R originates from a fatty acid (commonly C₁₂–C₁₈) and R' derives from a polyamine component such as ethylenediamine (EDA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), or triethylenetetramine (TETA).
This molecular framework imparts moderate basicity, controlled reactivity, good adhesion properties, hydrophobic tail behavior, and compatibility with various polymer systems.
In appearance, amido amines range from viscous liquids to soft semi-solids, typically yellow to amber depending on the fatty acid source.
They exhibit low vapor pressure, reduced volatility, and lower odor compared with their parent amines, making them easier to process and safer to handle.
Their amide groups provide thermal stability and improved compatibility with resins, while the remaining amine groups serve as reactive curing sites.
Functionally, amido amines are widely used as curing agents for epoxy resins, where they promote controlled reactivity, long pot life, improved flexibility, excellent adhesion, and chemical resistance.
They are especially favored in coatings, adhesives, civil engineering compounds, flooring systems, marine coatings, structural grouts, and composites.
The presence of both amide and amine groups moderates curing speed, reduces exotherm, and enhances film toughness compared with conventional polyamines.
Beyond epoxy curing, amido amines find use as corrosion inhibitors, surfactants, lubricant additives, asphalt anti-stripping agents, and intermediates for specialty chemicals.
Their amphiphilic nature allows strong adsorption onto metal surfaces, making them highly effective in protecting steel pipelines, refinery equipment, and industrial process systems.
Amido amines are also valued for their compatibility with fillers, improved wetting, and superior adhesion to metals, concrete, and polymeric substrates.
Their moderated reactivity profile supports applications requiring ambient-temperature curing, thick-section potting, or extended working time.
In polymer chemistry, amido amines remain essential components for creating durable, chemically resistant, and mechanically robust epoxy networks in both industrial and commercial formulations.
Amido amines are a class of chemical compounds that are formed from fatty acids and amines.
They are used as intermediates in the synthesis of surfactants, such as cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB), some of which are used in personal care products including soaps, shampoos, and cosmetics.
Amido amines can also serve as curing agents for epoxy resins.
They are also used as oil well drilling fluids and also as corrosion inhibitors.
Patch test studies have concluded that most apparent allergic reactions to products containing CAPB are more likely due to Amido amine than to CAPB itself.
Amido amine is a naturally-derived, cationic surfactant.
Amido amine is an effective conditioner in hair and skin care products.
Amido amine is 98% actives clear liquid tertiary amine.
Amido amine is used in pH 3.4-4.4 formulation as quaternary ammonium salt as a conditioner.
Amido amine is used to replace quaternary cationic surfactants in rinse-off conditioners.
Amido amine provides excellent wet combing and wet sensory.
Common protonating acids are lactic, aspartic, citric and glutamic acids.
Amido amines are multifunctional organic compounds formed by the condensation of fatty acids or synthetic carboxylic acids with polyamines, producing molecules that contain both amide and unreacted amine groups, which together impart a unique balance of moderated basicity, controlled reactivity, enhanced adhesion, and improved compatibility with polymer systems.
Structurally characterized by long aliphatic chains attached to amide linkages followed by primary or secondary amines, amido amines exhibit low volatility, reduced odor, and superior handling properties compared to their parent polyamines, while providing sufficient nucleophilicity to participate effectively in epoxy–amine curing reactions.
In industrial applications, amido amines are widely used as epoxy curing agents because they deliver extended pot life, reduced exotherm, increased film toughness, excellent substrate wetting, and strong adhesion to metals, concrete, composites, and other polar surfaces, making them essential in coatings, flooring systems, adhesives, civil engineering grouts, marine maintenance, and electrical encapsulation.
Their amphiphilic nature and strong adsorption to metal surfaces also make amido amines valuable as corrosion inhibitors, surfactants, anti-stripping agents for asphalt, and lubricant additives, while their combination of hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties enables broad compatibility with fillers, pigments, and resin matrices.
The tunability of amido amine structure—achieved by varying the fatty acid source and polyamine backbone—allows manufacturers to engineer products with targeted viscosities, cure speeds, and mechanical performance profiles, establishing amido amines as one of the most versatile and widely adopted classes of curing agents and functional additives in modern polymer and materials chemistry.
Market Overview of Amido Amine:
The global market for amido amines continues to expand steadily, driven by their central role as versatile curing agents in epoxy systems and their broad utility across coatings, adhesives, construction chemicals, corrosion inhibitors, and lubricant additives.
Demand is strongest in industrial protective coatings, where amido amines enable ambient-temperature curing, excellent substrate adhesion, and superior chemical resistance—key requirements for marine structures, pipelines, storage tanks, bridges, rail infrastructure, and energy facilities.
Rising investments in infrastructure rehabilitation, offshore energy, and industrial maintenance have further accelerated the adoption of amido amine–cured epoxy technologies.
The construction sector represents another major demand center, with amido amines used in self-leveling floors, anchor grouts, structural bonding compounds, and heavy-duty civil engineering materials, benefiting from their long pot life, low-blush curing, and robust mechanical performance.
In parallel, the oil and gas industry remains a significant consumer of amido amines due to their efficacy as corrosion inhibitors, particularly in downhole operations, pipelines, and refinery systems where their strong metal adsorption and film-forming behavior provide essential protection in acidic or saline environments.
The market has also been influenced by increasing environmental and occupational safety regulations, which have encouraged a shift away from volatile, highly corrosive amines toward lower-odor, safer-to-handle amido amine technologies.
As a result, manufacturers have expanded their portfolios to include low-VOC, high-purity, and bio-based amido amine offerings compatible with green chemistry initiatives.
Regionally, Asia-Pacific leads the global consumption of amido amines due to rapid industrialization, major construction activity, and extensive manufacturing of epoxy resins and coatings in China, India, South Korea, and Southeast Asia.
North America and Europe maintain strong, stable demand driven by mature coatings, composites, and adhesives markets, with growing emphasis on high-performance, corrosion-resistant, and chemical-resistant systems.
Emerging regions such as the Middle East, Latin America, and Africa are experiencing increased usage as infrastructure development and industrial diversification accelerate.
Uses of Amido Amine:
Amido amines are widely used across multiple industries due to their unique balance of moderated amine reactivity, strong adhesion capabilities, and excellent compatibility with epoxy and polymer systems.
Their primary and most extensive application is in the formulation of epoxy curing agents, where they provide extended working time, low exotherm, reduced surface blush, enhanced substrate wetting, and improved flexibility—properties that make them indispensable in protective coatings, flooring systems, adhesives, grouts, and composite structures.
In heavy-duty protective coatings, amido amines deliver outstanding adhesion to steel, concrete, and composite substrates, while offering chemical resistance, corrosion resistance, and durability under marine, industrial, and atmospheric exposures.
In the construction and civil engineering sector, amido amines are integral to self-leveling flooring compounds, structural bonding adhesives, crack injection systems, anchoring grouts, and high-build repair mortars, enabling controlled cure profiles and robust mechanical strength.
In the adhesives and sealants market, they are valued for their ability to cure epoxy systems at ambient temperature with high bond strength, cohesive toughness, and excellent resistance to solvents and moisture.
Amido amines are also widely employed as corrosion inhibitors in the oil and gas industry, refinery systems, petrochemical plants, and pipeline networks.
Their amphiphilic nature allows them to adsorb strongly onto metal surfaces, forming passivating films that protect against acid gases, saline environments, and aggressive process fluids.
This makes them crucial additives in downhole chemicals, drilling fluids, acidizing formulations, pipeline corrosion protection packages, and water-treatment inhibitors.
Additionally, amido amines serve as surfactants, emulsifiers, wetting agents, and anti-stripping agents in asphalt applications, improving aggregate adhesion and pavement durability.
In lubricants and metalworking fluids, they function as dispersants, detergents, and film-forming additives, contributing to corrosion protection and stability under high mechanical or thermal stress.
Beyond these areas, amido amines are used as intermediates in the synthesis of specialty polymers, textile chemicals, antistatic agents, and functional additives, as well as in inks, coatings, adhesives, and specialty resin formulations requiring controlled cure behavior and versatile reactivity.
Their wide applicability, structural tunability, and strong performance across multiple polymer systems make amido amines one of the most essential and adaptable classes of chemical intermediates in modern industry.
Benefits of Amido Amine:
Amido amines offer a broad array of performance advantages that distinguish them from conventional polyamines and make them indispensable across epoxy, coating, adhesive, construction, and corrosion-protection technologies.
Their hybrid amide–amine structure moderates the aggressive reactivity typically associated with aliphatic amines, resulting in reduced volatility, lower odor, and significantly improved handling safety, which is especially valuable in large-scale industrial applications and enclosed processing environments.
The presence of both hydrophilic amine groups and hydrophobic fatty-acid-derived chains imparts excellent substrate wetting and adhesion, enabling strong bonding to metals, concrete, composites, and polar or semi-polar surfaces.
In epoxy systems, amido amines deliver controlled curing behavior, offering extended pot life, reduced exotherm, and superior flow leveling—ideal for flooring, coatings, thick-section pours, and applications requiring long working time.
Their moderated reactivity reduces the risk of surface blush, carbamation, or premature gelation, allowing for smooth film formation even under high humidity or variable environmental conditions.
Cured epoxy networks produced with amido amines typically exhibit enhanced toughness, flexibility, and impact resistance, along with high tensile strength and superior chemical and water resistance, making them suitable for demanding industrial maintenance coatings, civil engineering materials, and marine applications.
As corrosion inhibitors, amido amines provide excellent metal passivation due to strong adsorption onto steel surfaces, forming protective hydrophobic films that reduce degradation in aggressive environments containing acids, saltwater, CO₂, or H₂S.
Their amphiphilic nature also gives them surfactant-like benefits, improving emulsification, dispersion stability, and compatibility with a broad range of additives, fillers, and resin systems.
In lubricant formulations, amido amines help stabilize metal surfaces, enhance oxidation resistance, and provide film-forming protection, contributing to extended equipment life.
Their structural tunability—allowing formulators to adjust viscosity, reactivity, molecular weight, and hydrophobicity—makes them highly adaptable to diverse applications.
Overall, amido amines provide a unique combination of performance, safety, processability, durability, and versatility, positioning them as one of the most valuable curing agent classes in modern polymer and industrial chemistry.
Production of Amido Amine:
Amido amines are produced through the controlled condensation reaction between fatty acids (or fatty acid derivatives) and aliphatic polyamines, a process that strategically forms amide linkages while preserving unreacted amine groups for subsequent chemical functionality.
Industrial production typically begins with renewable or petroleum-derived fatty acid feedstocks such as coconut fatty acid, tall-oil fatty acid (TOFA), oleic acid, palmitic acid, or synthetic mono- and dicarboxylic acids, which provide the hydrophobic portion of the molecule.
These acids are reacted with polyamines including ethylenediamine (EDA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetetramine (TETA), or higher polyethylene amines, depending on the desired reactivity and viscosity profile of the final product.
The synthesis is generally carried out via thermal amidation, where the fatty acid and polyamine components are heated together at temperatures between 160–250 °C under inert atmosphere or reduced pressure.
Water generated as a byproduct of the amidation reaction is removed continuously by vacuum stripping, nitrogen sparging, or azeotropic distillation, driving the equilibrium toward formation of the amido amine.
Reaction catalysts are typically unnecessary, as the amine groups themselves catalyze the condensation; however, in certain specialty processes, acidic or metal catalysts may be used to modify reaction rates or control byproduct formation.
Industrial manufacturers tightly regulate the amine-to-acid ratio, reaction time, and temperature ramp to tailor the degree of amidation and avoid excessive cyclization or cross-linking.
Partial amidation is usually preferred, allowing a defined portion of primary or secondary amine groups to remain available for epoxy curing or further chemical reaction.
After the primary reaction, the product may undergo vacuum finishing to remove unreacted amines, color-forming impurities, and volatile fractions.
The resulting amido amine is typically filtered to remove trace particulates and then stabilized with antioxidants or passivators when necessary.
Alternative production routes include the use of fatty acid methyl esters or triglycerides, which undergo transamidation with polyamines, offering improved reaction consistency and lower byproduct formation.
Some high-performance grades are manufactured using synthetic dicarboxylic acids such as adipic, azelaic, or dimer acids to achieve enhanced mechanical performance and hydrophobicity.
The final products are formulated into liquid, semi-solid, or modified blends depending on application requirements such as pot life, color, viscosity, and curing characteristics.
Synthesis of Amido Amine:
The synthesis of amido amines is primarily based on a condensation (amidation) reaction between fatty acids or their derivatives and aliphatic polyamines, producing molecules that contain both amide linkages and residual amine functionalities.
This dual-function structure is the foundation of the favorable curing, adhesion, and corrosion-inhibiting properties of amido amines.
The most common synthesis route involves reacting a fatty acid (R–COOH)—such as tall-oil fatty acid (TOFA), oleic acid, lauric acid, or a synthetic mono- or dicarboxylic acid—with an aliphatic polyamine such as ethylenediamine (EDA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylenetetramine (TETA), tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), or higher polyethyleneamines.
The reaction proceeds via thermal amidation, typically at temperatures between 160–250 °C, where the carboxylic acid group reacts with an amine to form an amide bond while releasing water:
R–COOH + H₂N–(CH₂)_n–NH–R′ → R–CONH–(CH₂)_n–NH–R′ + H₂O
Removal of the generated water is essential to driving the equilibrium toward completion.
Industrial systems achieve this through:
Vacuum stripping,
Nitrogen sparging, or
Azeotropic distillation using inert solvents (less common in modern systems).
The degree of amidation is carefully controlled, as full conversion would eliminate the reactive amine sites needed for epoxy curing.
Manufacturers typically aim for partial amidation, ensuring that one or more primary or secondary amine groups remain unreacted and available for subsequent crosslinking chemistry.
Alternative synthetic approaches include transamidation of fatty acid methyl esters or triglycerides, which can offer improved purity, lower color formation, and more controlled molecular architecture.
In this process, the polyamine directly replaces the methanol or glycerol group, forming the amido amine with fewer side reactions and more consistent quality.
Another advanced route uses dimer acids, azelaic acid, or other polycarboxylic acids to produce higher molecular weight or more hydrophobic amido amines with enhanced flexibility and chemical resistance.
These specialty materials are often used in high-performance epoxy systems, corrosion inhibitors, and reactive surfactant formulations.
Post-reaction processing may include:
Vacuum finishing to remove residual free amines,
Filtration to eliminate particulates,
Decolorization or stabilization with antioxidants,
Blending with reactive diluents to adjust viscosity and cure speed.
This controlled synthesis allows precise tailoring of viscosity, molecular weight distribution, functionality, and reactivity, enabling amido amines to meet the diverse requirements of epoxy curing, corrosion protection, surfactant chemistry, lubricant additives, adhesives, coatings, and construction materials.
History of Amido Amine:
The history of amido amines is closely tied to the evolution of epoxy resin technology, industrial coatings, and corrosion‐protection chemistry beginning in the mid-20th century.
Although the chemistry of amides and polyamines had been well understood since the late 1800s, the development of purpose-designed amido amine curing agents did not emerge until the 1950s–1960s, when epoxy resins began to gain widespread commercial adoption in protective coatings, adhesives, and electrical encapsulation.
Early epoxy curing systems primarily used aliphatic polyamines such as ethylenediamine (EDA) and diethylenetriamine (DETA), but these materials were highly reactive, strongly odorous, corrosive, and difficult to handle, with fast cure rates that limited pot life and complicated field application.
Researchers soon recognized that reacting fatty acids with polyamines to form partially amidated amines moderated their reactivity, reduced volatility and odor, and introduced flexibility and improved adhesion—properties that made amido amines significantly more suitable for large-scale industrial use.
By the 1970s, amido amine curing agents had become an essential class of epoxy hardeners, especially in protective marine coatings, pipeline coatings, concrete flooring, structural adhesives, and repair mortars, where their balanced reactivity and long working time offered major advantages over traditional polyamines.
Their ability to cure epoxies at ambient temperatures, tolerate humid environments, and produce blush-free films made them the preferred systems for field-applied coatings and construction chemicals.
During the same period, the oil and gas industry discovered that amido amines provided excellent corrosion inhibition, and many early pipeline protection and refinery formulations incorporated amido amines as core components due to their strong metal adsorption and film-forming capability.
In the 1980s and 1990s, rising environmental and occupational health awareness accelerated the shift toward lower-odor, lower-volatility epoxy hardeners, leading to widespread commercialization of optimized amido amine structures derived from tall-oil fatty acids, synthetic dicarboxylic acids, and modified polyamine backbones.
Manufacturers began tailoring molecular weight, amide/amine ratios, and viscosity profiles to create products specifically tuned for flooring, electrical potting, extended pot-life systems, and chemically resistant coatings.
The advent of low-VOC and high-solids coating technologies further cemented the importance of amido amines, as their low vapor pressure and excellent compatibility enabled the development of environmentally compliant formulations.
Entering the 21st century, the demand for high-performance, durable, corrosion-resistant materials in infrastructure, offshore energy, petrochemicals, and industrial maintenance has expanded the global use of amido amines.
Modern production now includes bio-based feedstocks, advanced dimer acids, and engineered polyamines, allowing precise control over flexibility, reactivity, hydrophobicity, and adhesion.
Today, amido amines remain one of the most important and widely utilized curing agent families for epoxy systems and corrosion inhibitors worldwide, valued for their reliability, safety, tunability, and exceptional performance across coatings, adhesives, construction chemicals, and oilfield technologies.
Stability and Reactivity of Amido Amine:
Chemical Stability:
Amido amines are generally stable under normal handling and recommended storage conditions.
They maintain chemical integrity at ambient temperatures when kept dry and protected from excessive heat and air.
Slow color change (ambering) may occur over time due to mild oxidation, but this does not necessarily indicate significant loss of performance.
Reactivity:
Amido amines are moderately to strongly basic and can react with acids to form salts.
They are reactive toward epoxides, isocyanates, acid chlorides, and other electrophiles, as expected for amine-functional curing agents.
They may react with strong oxidizing agents, leading to degradation or exothermic reactions.
Conditions to Avoid:
Avoid excessive heat, open flames, and prolonged exposure to temperatures above recommended storage limits.
Avoid contact with strong oxidizers, strong acids, and acid chlorides.
Avoid moisture ingress in opened containers, which can promote CO₂ uptake and viscosity changes.
Incompatible Materials:
Strong oxidizing agents (e.g., peroxides, nitric acid), strong mineral acids, reactive halogenating reagents, and isocyanates (uncontrolled reaction).
Certain non-compatible reactive resins or curing agents may produce excessive heat if mixed improperly.
Hazardous Decomposition Products:
On strong heating or fire, amido amines may decompose to release toxic and irritating gases such as nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and amine-containing vapors.
Hazardous Polymerization:
No hazardous self-polymerization is expected.
Uncontrolled reaction with epoxies or isocyanates may cause strong exotherm if not properly formulated.
Handling and Storage of Amido Amine:
Handling:
Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) to avoid skin and eye contact.
Avoid inhalation of mists, aerosols, or vapors generated during heating, spraying, or mixing operations.
Handle in well-ventilated areas or under local exhaust ventilation.
Do not mix with strong oxidizers or acids.
Wash hands and exposed skin thoroughly after handling and before eating, drinking, or smoking.
Storage:
Store in tightly closed containers to minimize moisture uptake and oxidation.
Keep in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Store away from acids, oxidizing agents, and reactive chemicals.
Use corrosion-resistant containers (e.g., lined steel, suitable plastics) as recommended by the supplier.
Keep out of reach of unauthorized personnel.
First-Aid Measures of Amido Amine:
Inhalation:
Move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
Keep warm and at rest.
If coughing, breathing difficulty, or irritation persists, seek medical attention.
If symptoms are severe or exposure was high, medical monitoring may be necessary.
Skin Contact:
Remove contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash exposed skin thoroughly with plenty of water and mild soap for at least 15 minutes.
Amido amines can cause irritation and, in some formulations, may cause sensitization after repeated contact.
Seek medical advice if redness, burning, or dermatitis develops.
Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.
Eye Contact:
Rinse cautiously with clean, lukewarm water for at least 15–20 minutes, keeping eyelids open and moving the eyes in all directions.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do so, then continue rinsing.
Amido amines can cause eye irritation, redness, and pain.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation persists or vision changes occur.
Ingestion:
Rinse mouth with water.
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed by medical personnel.
If the person is conscious, give small amounts of water to drink.
Seek medical attention immediately.
Ingestion may cause irritation of the mouth, throat, and gastrointestinal tract, with nausea, abdominal discomfort, or burns depending on product strength.
Most Important Symptoms:
Skin and eye irritation (redness, burning, pain), possible skin sensitization, respiratory irritation if aerosols or vapors are inhaled, gastrointestinal upset if swallowed.
Severe exposures may cause chemical burns depending on the specific amido amine formulation.
Firefighting Measures of Amido Amine:
Suitable Extinguishing Media:
Use foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide (CO₂), or water spray/fog.
Avoid high-pressure water jets that may spread burning liquid.
Specific Hazards:
When involved in a fire, amido amines can decompose to produce toxic and irritating fumes including nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and organic amine vapors.
Heated, closed containers may rupture due to pressure build-up.
Protective Equipment for Firefighters:
Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and full protective clothing.
Avoid inhalation of combustion products.
Additional Advice:
Cool exposed containers with water spray to prevent overheating and possible rupture.
Prevent contaminated firefighting water from entering drains, surface water, or soil.
Accidental Release Measures of Amido Amine:
Personal Precautions:
Evacuate non-essential personnel from the spill area.
Wear appropriate PPE including chemical-resistant gloves, goggles or face shield, and protective clothing.
Avoid contact with skin and eyes and avoid inhalation of mists or vapors.
Ensure adequate ventilation.
Environmental Precautions:
Prevent product from entering drains, surface waters, or groundwater.
In case of significant release, notify relevant environmental authorities in accordance with local regulations.
Cleanup Methods:
For liquid spills, contain the spill with inert absorbent material (e.g., sand, vermiculite, diatomaceous earth).
Collect absorbed material into suitable labeled containers for disposal or recovery.
For viscous residues, mechanically scrape or pump into containers and then clean the area with detergent and water, controlling run-off.
Dispose of waste material according to local, regional, and national regulations.
Exposure Controls / Personal Protective Equipment of Amido Amine:
Engineering Controls:
Provide local exhaust or general mechanical ventilation to keep airborne concentrations below applicable exposure limits and as low as reasonably achievable.
Use closed systems, sealed transfer lines, or pump-transfer where possible to minimize exposure.
Install eye wash stations and safety showers in areas where amido amines are handled in bulk.
Respiratory Protection:
Under normal, well-ventilated conditions, respiratory protection may not be required.
If ventilation is insufficient, or if aerosols/mists may be generated (e.g., spraying, high-speed mixing), use an approved respirator with organic vapor and/or particulate filters as appropriate.
For high exposures, spills, or unknown concentrations, use SCBA.
Eye Protection:
Wear chemical splash goggles as a minimum.
Use a face shield in situations with high risk of splashing or when handling large quantities.
Skin Protection:
Wear chemical-resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile, neoprene, butyl rubber; check manufacturer recommendations for specific product).
Use long-sleeved protective clothing or coveralls; for large-scale handling, chemical-resistant apron and boots are recommended.
Hygiene Measures:
Wash hands, forearms, and any exposed skin thoroughly after handling and before eating, drinking, or smoking.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke in work areas where amido amines are handled.
Remove contaminated clothing and PPE before entering clean areas and launder before reuse.
Identifiers of Amido Amine:
Product Name: Amido Amine
Chemical Name: Fatty acid–polyamine condensation product
Synonyms: Amido amine curing agent; Fatty Amido amine; Polyamine amide; Partially amidated polyamine; TOFA–polyamine adduct
Chemical Type: Amide–amine hybrid (partially amidated polyamine)
Chemical Family: Fatty acid–polyamine condensates / Amido amine epoxy hardeners
Molecular Formula: R–CO–NH–(CH₂)_n–NH–R′
Molecular Weight: Typically 300–1500 g/mol
CAS Number: 61790-69-0
EC Number: 263-110-4
UN Number: Not classified as dangerous goods
HS Code: 2921
Appearance: Amber to brown liquid / viscous semi-fluid
Odor: Mild to moderate amine odor
Physical Form: Liquid or viscous paste
Purity: Industrial grades typically ≥ 90% active
Origin: Derived from tall-oil fatty acids, natural fatty acids, or synthetic carboxylic acids reacted with polyamines
Solubility: Miscible with epoxy resins; soluble in polar organics; limited water solubility
Boiling Range: High boiling; non-volatile at normal conditions
Density: ~0.92–1.03 g/cm³ (grade dependent)
Viscosity: Medium to high viscosity; strongly temperature dependent
Flash Point: Elevated; generally > 100 °C
Storage Class: Organic base / amine curing agent
Packaging: Steel drums, coated steel drums, IBC tanks, bulk containers
REACH Status: Registered (listed as fatty acid–polyamine reaction products)
Regulatory Classification: Irritant / corrosive (depending on free amine content)
Typical Use Category: Epoxy curing agent; corrosion inhibitor; surfactant intermediate; asphalt anti-stripping agent; lubricant additive
Properties of Amido Amine:
Physical State: Amber to brown liquid or viscous semi-solid (temperature dependent)
Appearance: Clear to hazy amber fluid; may darken slightly over time
Odor: Mild to moderate amine-like odor
Color Index: Typically < 12–18 Gardner (grade dependent)
Purity: ≥ 90% active material (typical industrial grade)
Chemical Structure: R–CO–NH–(CH₂)_n–NH–R′ (fatty acid + polyamine condensation product)
Functional Groups: Primary/secondary amines and amide linkages
Molecular Weight Range: ~300–1500 g/mol depending on fatty acid and polyamine backbone
Polarity: Moderately polar due to amide and amine groups
Reactivity: Reacts actively with epoxy resins; reacts with acids to form salts
Density: ~0.92–1.03 g/cm³ at 20 °C
Viscosity: Medium to very high viscosity; strongly temperature dependent
Boiling Point: High; non-distillable under normal atmospheric pressure
Flash Point: Typically > 100 °C (closed cup)
Pour Point: Variable, commonly between –10 °C and +15 °C
Solubility in Water: Limited to low solubility (amine salts may be more soluble)
Solubility in Organics: Soluble in alcohols, glycols, epoxy resins, and polar solvents
Volatility: Very low; essentially non-volatile at room temperature
Vapor Pressure: Negligible at ambient conditions
Thermal Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions; may slowly oxidize
Compatibility: Fully compatible with epoxy resins, fillers, pigments, corrosion inhibitors
Corrosivity: Mild to moderate depending on free amine content
Hygroscopicity: Can absorb moisture and CO₂ from air over extended exposure
Curing Characteristics: Provides long pot life, low exotherm, good film formation
Mechanical Performance: Produces tough, flexible epoxy networks with good adhesion
Chemical Resistance: Good resistance to water, alkalies, salts, and many chemicals
Specifications of Amido Amine:
Appearance: Amber to brown liquid / viscous fluid
Color (Gardner): ≤ 12–18 (grade dependent)
Amine Value: Typically 250–450 mg KOH/g (product-specific)
Total Active Content: ≥ 90%
Viscosity (25 °C): 500–5000 cP (wide range depending on formulation)
Density (20 °C): 0.92–1.03 g/cm³
Flash Point: > 100 °C (closed cup)
Water Content (Karl Fischer): ≤ 0.5%
Free Amine Content: Controlled; typically low to moderate (grade dependent)
Acid Value: ≤ 10 mg KOH/g
Solids Content: 95–100% (non-volatile material)
Odor: Mild to moderate amine odor
pH (1% in IPA/water): Alkaline
Solubility: Soluble in epoxy resins, alcohols, glycols; limited water solubility
Shelf Life: 12–24 months in sealed original containers
Storage Temperature: 10–35 °C (avoid freezing or overheating)
Packaging: Steel drums, lined drums, IBC tanks, bulk containers
Regulatory Status: REACH compliant (registered as fatty acid–polyamine reaction products)
