AMINOACETIC ACID (GLYCINE)

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is unique among the proteinogenic amino acids in that it is not chiral. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is also the genus name of the Soybean plant (species name = Aminoacetic acid (glycine) max).
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is of the simplest structure in the 20 members of amino acid series, also known as amino acetate. 

CAS Number: 56-40-6
Molecular Formula: C2H5NO2
Molecular Weight: 75.07
EINECS Number: 200-272-2

Synonyms Of Aminoacetic acid (glycine): Aminoacetic acid (glycine), 2-Aminoacetic acid, 56-40-6, aminoacetic acid, Glycocoll, Aminoethanoic acid, Glycolixir, H-Gly-OH, Glycosthene, Glicoamin, Aciport, Padil, Hampshire Aminoacetic acid (glycine), L-Aminoacetic acid (glycine), Amitone, Leimzucker, Aminoazijnzuur, Acetic acid, amino-, Aminoacetic acid (glycine), non-medical, Sucre de gelatine, Glycinum, GLY (IUPAC abbrev), Gyn-hydralin, Corilin, Glicina, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) [INN], Glyzin, FEMA No. 3287, Acido aminoacetico, Glycinum [INN-Latin], Acide aminoacetique, Glicina [INN-Spanish], Acidum aminoaceticum, gly, Glykokoll, Aminoessigsaeure, Hgly, CCRIS 5915, HSDB 495, Acide aminoacetique [INN-French], Acido aminoacetico [INN-Spanish], Acidum aminoaceticum [INN-Latin], AI3-04085, NSC 25936, 25718-94-9, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) 1.5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER, H2N-CH2-COOH, amino-Acetic acid, EINECS 200-272-2, UNII-TE7660XO1C, MFCD00008131, NSC-25936, [14C]Aminoacetic acid (glycine), TE7660XO1C, DTXSID9020667, CHEBI:15428, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) [USP:INN], NSC25936, CHEMBL773, DTXCID90667, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) iron sulphate (1:1), Aminoacetic acid (glycine)-1-13C-15N, Aminoacetic acid (glycine)-2-13C-15N, EC 200-272-2, aminoacetate, Athenon, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) (USP:INN), NCGC00024503-01, Glycinum (INN-Latin), Glicina (INN-Spanish), Aminoacetic acid (glycine) (II), Aminoacetic acid (glycine) [II], Aminoacetic acid (glycine) (MART.), Aminoacetic acid (glycine) [MART.], Aminoacetic acid (glycine), free base, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) (USP-RS), Aminoacetic acid (glycine) [USP-RS], Aminoacetic acid (glycine) (EP MONOGRAPH), Aminoacetic acid (glycine) [EP MONOGRAPH], Aminoacetic acid (glycine) (USP MONOGRAPH), Aminoacetic acid (glycine) [USP MONOGRAPH], Acide aminoacetique (INN-French), Acido aminoacetico (INN-Spanish), Acidum aminoaceticum (INN-Latin), CAS-56-40-6, Aminoacetic acid (glycine), labeled with carbon-14, AMINOACETIC ACID 1.5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER, Aminoessigsaure, Aminoethanoate, 18875-39-3, amino-Acetate, 2-aminoacetate, Aminoacetic acid (glycine); [3H]Aminoacetic acid (glycine), Aminoacetic acid (glycine) USP grade, H-Gly, L-Gly, Gly-CO, Gly-OH, L-Aminoacetic acid (glycine),(S), [14C]-Aminoacetic acid (glycine), Corilin (Salt/Mix), Tocris-0219, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) (H-Gly-OH), Aminoacetic acid (glycine) [VANDF], NH2CH2COOH, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) [FHFI], Aminoacetic acid (glycine) [HSDB], Aminoacetic acid (glycine) [INCI], Aminoacetic acid (glycine), >=99%, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) [FCC], Aminoacetic acid (glycine) [JAN], Aminoacetic acid (glycine) [MI], Aminoacetic acid (glycine) (JP17/USP), Aminoacetic acid (glycine), 99%, FCC, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) [WHO-DD], Biomol-NT_000195, bmse000089, bmse000977, WLN: Z1VQ, Gly-253, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) [GREEN BOOK], GTPL727, AB-131/40217813, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) [ORANGE BOOK], Treating Gingivitis Toothpaste, Aminoacetic acid (glycine), Electrophoresis Grade, BPBio1_001222, GTPL4084, GTPL4635, Repair Cracked Teeth Toothpaste, BDBM18133, AZD4282, Aminoacetic acid (glycine), >=99.0% (NT), Aminoacetic acid (glycine), 98.5-101.5%, Pharmakon1600-01300021, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) 1000 microg/mL in Water, 2-Aminoacetic acid;Aminoacetic acid, BCP25965, CS-B1641, HY-Y0966, Aminoacetic acid (glycine), ACS reagent, >=98.5%, Tox21_113575, Aminoacetic acid (glycine), 99%, natural, FCC, FG, HB0299, NSC760120, s4821, STL194276, Aminoacetic acid (glycine), purum, >=98.5% (NT), Aminoacetic acid (glycine), tested according to Ph.Eur., AKOS000119626, Aminoacetic acid (glycine), for electrophoresis, >=99%, Tox21_113575_1, AM81781, CAREDO Treating Gingivitis Toothpastes, CCG-266010, DB00145, NSC-760120, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) - Absolute carbon isotope ratio, Aminoacetic acid (glycine), BioUltra, >=99.0% (NT), Aminoacetic acid (glycine), BioXtra, >=99% (titration), SERINE IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY], CAREDO Repair Cracked Teeth Toothpastes, Aminoacetic acid (glycine), SAJ special grade, >=99.0%, NCGC00024503-02, NCGC00024503-03, BP-31024, Aminoacetic acid (glycine), Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, CAREDO Treating Gingivitis Toothpastes100g, FT-0600491, FT-0669038, G0099, G0317, Aminoacetic acid (glycine), ReagentPlus(R), >=99% (HPLC), CAREDO Repair Cracked Teeth Toothpastes100g, EN300-19731, A20662, C00037, D00011, D70890, M03001, L001246, Q620730, SR-01000597729, Aminoacetic acid (glycine), certified reference material, TraceCERT(R), Q-201300, SR-01000597729-1, Q27115084, B72BA06C-60E9-4A83-A24A-A2D7F465BB65, F2191-0197, Aminoacetic acid (glycine), European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard, Z955123660, Aminoacetic acid (glycine), BioUltra, for molecular biology, >=99.0% (NT), InChI=1/C2H5NO2/c3-1-2(4)5/h1,3H2,(H,4,5), Aminoacetic acid (glycine), United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, Aminoacetic acid (glycine), Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material, Aminoacetic acid (glycine), analytical standard, for nitrogen determination according to Kjeldahl method, Aminoacetic acid (glycine), from non-animal source, meets EP, JP, USP testing specifications, suitable for cell culture, >=98.5%, Aminoacetic acid (glycine), meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, USP, 99-101% (based on anhydrous substance).

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is a non-essential amino acid for the human body and contains both acidic and basic functional group inside its molecule. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) exhibits as a strong electrolyte an aqueous solution, and has a large solubility in strong polar solvents but almost insoluble in non-polar solvents. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) also has a relative high melting point and boiling point. 

The adjustment of the pH of the aqueous solution can make Aminoacetic acid (glycine) exhibit different molecular forms. 
The side chain of Aminoacetic acid (glycine) contains only a hydrogen atom. 
Owing to another hydrogen atom connecting to the α-carbon atom, the Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is not optical isomer. 

Since the side bond of Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is very small, it can occupy space which can’t be occupied by other amino acids, such as those amino acids located within the collagen helix. 
At room temperature, it exhibits as white crystal or light yellow crystalline powder and has a unique sweet taste which can ease the taste of acid and alkaline taste, masking the bitter taste of saccharin in food and enhance the sweetness. 

However, if an excessive amount of Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is absorbed by body, they not only can’t be totally absorbed by the body, but will also break the balance of the body's absorption of amino acids as well as affect the absorption of other kinds of amino acids, leading to nutrient imbalances and negatively affected health. 
The milk drink with Aminoacetic acid (glycine) being the major raw material can easily does harm to the normal growth and development of young people and children. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) has a density of 1.1607, melting point of 232~236 °C (decomposition). 

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is soluble in water but insoluble in alcohol and ether. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is capable of acting together with hydrochloric acid to form hydrochloride salt. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is presented in the muscles of animals. 

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) can be produced from the reaction between monochloro acetate and ammonium hydroxide as well as from the hydrolysis of gelation with further refining.
As an amino acid, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is involved in the synthesis of proteins, which are essential for the structure and function of cells.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. 

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) plays a role in signal transmission in the brain and spinal cord.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is a component of collagen, the most abundant protein in the human body. 
Collagen provides structure to connective tissues, such as skin, bones, and tendons.

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is involved in the synthesis of glutathione, a powerful antioxidant that plays a role in the detoxification of certain substances in the liver.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is involved in the regulation of blood sugar levels and can be converted into glucose, providing a source of energy.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) (symbol Gly or G; ) is an amino acid that has a single hydrogen atom as its side chain. 

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is the simplest stable amino acid (carbamic acid is unstable), with the chemical formula NH2‐CH2‐COOH. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is one of the proteinogenic amino acids. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is encoded by all the codons starting with GG (GGU, GGC, GGA, GGG). 

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is integral to the formation of alpha-helices in secondary protein structure due to the "flexibility" caused by such a small R group. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is also an inhibitory neurotransmitter – interference with its release within the spinal cord (such as during a Clostridium tetani infection) can cause spastic paralysis due to uninhibited muscle contraction. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is the only achiral proteinogenic amino acid. 

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) can fit into hydrophilic or hydrophobic environments, due to its minimal side chain of only one hydrogen atom.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is acid–base properties are most important. 
In aqueous solution, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is amphoteric: below pH = 2.4, it converts to the ammonium cation called glycinium. 

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) functions as a bidentate ligand for many metal ions, forming amino acid complexes. 
A typical complex is Cu(glycinate)2, i.e. Cu(H2NCH2CO2)2, which exists both in cis and trans isomers.
With acid chlorides, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) converts to the amidocarboxylic acid, such as hippuric acid and acetylAminoacetic acid (glycine).

With nitrous acid, one obtains glycolic acid (van Slyke determination). 
With methyl iodide, the amine becomes quaternized to give trimethylAminoacetic acid (glycine), a natural product: H3N+CH2COO− + 3 CH3I → (CH3)3N+CH2COO− + 3HI

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) condenses with itself to give peptides, beginning with the formation of glycylAminoacetic acid (glycine): 2 H3N+CH2COO− → H3N+ CH2CONHCH 2COO− + H2O
Pyrolysis of Aminoacetic acid (glycine) or glycylAminoacetic acid (glycine) gives 2,5-diketopiperazine, the cyclic diamide.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) forms esters with alcohols. They are often isolated as their hydrochloride, e.g., Aminoacetic acid (glycine) methyl ester hydrochloride. 

Otherwise the free ester tends to convert to diketopiperazine.
As a bifunctional molecule, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) reacts with many reagents. 
These can be classified into N-centered and carboxylate-center reactions.

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) has a pivotal role in lowering the plasma lipid levels in diabetic and obese patients by activating the CNS. 
During brain hypoxia Aminoacetic acid (glycine) can stabilize the energetics disturbances in brain mitochondria. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) also increases the in vitro development of porcine blastocysts when used along with glucose.

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is the simplest naturally occurring amino acid and is a constituent of most proteins. Its formula is H2N·CH2·COOH.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is routinely used as a cofreeze-dried excipient in protein formulations owing to its ability to form a strong, porous, and elegant cake structure in the final lyophilized product. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is one of the most frequently utilized excipients in freeze-dried injectable formulations owing to its advantageous freeze-drying properties.

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) has been investigated as a disintegration accelerant in fast-disintegrating formulations owing to its excellent wetting nature.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is also used as a buffering agent and conditioner in cosmetics.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) may be used along with antacids in the treatment of gastric hyperacidity, and it may also be included in aspirin preparations to aid the reduction of gastric irritation.

Although Aminoacetic acid (glycine) can be isolated from hydrolyzed protein, this route is not used for industrial production, as it can be manufactured more conveniently by chemical synthesis.
The two main processes are amination of chloroacetic acid with ammonia, giving Aminoacetic acid (glycine) and ammonium chloride, and the Strecker amino acid synthesis, which is the main synthetic method in the United States and Japan.

About 15 thousand tonnes are produced annually in this way.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is the most plentiful amino acid within the body, it is considered a link to the forming of proteins. 
Amino acids are used for a number of bodily functions including creating proteins and enzymes. 

They are broken down into three different groups: essential, non-essential and conditional amino acids.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is a non-essential amino acid, meaning that it is produced naturally in the body. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) can also be found in various high protein food sources such as fish, meat and eggs. 

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is recommended for any individual looking to increase their Aminoacetic acid (glycine) intake in a powder form. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is usually taken pre-workout, post workout or before bed.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is also cogenerated as an impurity in the synthesis of EDTA, arising from reactions of the ammonia coproduct.

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is an amino acid. 
The body can make Aminoacetic acid (glycine) on its own, but it is also consumed in the diet. 
Sources include meat, fish, dairy, and legumes.

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is a building block for making proteins in the body. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is also involved in transmitting chemical signals in the brain, so there's interest in using it for schizophrenia and improving memory. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is an amino acid with a number of important functions in the body. 

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) acts as a neurotransmitter, a component of collagen, and as a precursor to various biomolecules (e.g., creatine, heme), among other roles. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is often considered conditionally essential, meaning it can usually be produced in the body in sufficient amounts. 
However, in certain contexts (e.g., pregnancy) more Aminoacetic acid (glycine) may be needed from the diet. 

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is found in most protein sources, meaning common sources of Aminoacetic acid (glycine) include meat, eggs, soybeans, lentils, and dairy products.
Classified as a “non-essential” (also called conditional) amino acid, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) can be made in small amounts by the human body itself, but many people can benefit from consuming a lot more from their diets thanks to its numerous beneficial roles.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is the second most widespread amino acid found in human enzymes and proteins, which is why it has roles in nearly every part of the body.

Aminoacetic acid (glycine)’s one of 20 amino acids used to make protein in the body, which builds the tissue that forms organs, joints and muscles. 
Of the proteins in the body, Aminoacetic acid (glycine)’s concentrated in collagen (the most abundant protein in humans and many mammals) and also gelatin (a substance made from collagen).
Some of the most attractive attributes include promoting better muscle growth, healing the lining of the GI tract, and slowing down the loss of cartilage in joints and skin.

While high-protein foods (like meat and dairy products) do contain some Aminoacetic acid (glycine), the best sources — collagen and gelatin — can be hard to get. 
These proteins are not found in most cuts of meat and instead are obtained from consuming parts of animals that today most people throw away: skin, bones, connective tissue, tendons and ligaments.
People who are ill, recovering from surgery, taking medications that hinder certain metabolic processes or who are under a lot of stress can all use extra Aminoacetic acid (glycine) for recovery.

According to some research, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) can be used to help lower symptoms in people suffering from conditions like ulcers, arthritis, leaky gut syndrome, diabetes, kidney and heart failure, neurobehavioral disorders, chronic fatigue, sleep disorders, and even certain cancers.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine), the simplest amino acid, obtainable by hydrolysis of proteins. 
Sweet-tasting, it was among the earliest amino acids to be isolated from gelatin (1820). 

Especially rich sources include gelatin and silk fibroin. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is one of several so-called nonessential amino acids for mammals; i.e., they can synthesize it from the amino acids serine and threonine and from other sources and do not require dietary sources. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is the smallest possible of the 20 amino acids that are essential for human life. 

In a seeming contradiction, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is called a “nonessential” amino acid because it can be synthesized by the body and therefore does not have to be included in the diet. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is the only achiral amino acid in that the carbon atom bearing the carboxylate and amino groups is not a stereogenic center.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is considered a glucogenic amino acid, which means it helps supply the body with glucose needed for energy. 

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) helps regulate blood sugar levels, and thus Aminoacetic acid (glycine) supplementation may be useful for treating symptoms characterized by low energy and fatigue, such as hypoglycemia, anaemia, and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) encephalopathy (non – ketotic hyperAminoacetic acid (glycine)mia), is a rare autosomal recessive inherited metabolic disorder. 
This disorder is characterized by abnormally high levels of the amino acid Aminoacetic acid (glycine) in bodily fluids and tissues.

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is the smallest of the 20 amino acids, and unlike the other amino acids, it does not have a significant side chain, allowing it to act as a flexible link for specific proteins by connecting protein domains together.
This makes Aminoacetic acid (glycine) a common feature in amino acid motifs at protein active sites.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is prominence in protein structure explains why it represents 11.5% of total amino acid content in the human body.

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) biosynthesis can take place through three pathways.
The first occurs via the amino acid serine, which is produced from D-3-phosphoglycerate, a glycolysis intermediate. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) can also be produced from threonine with threonine dehydrogenase and 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate lyase. 

Oxidative degradation also helps synthesize Aminoacetic acid (glycine) from choline. 
Finally, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) can be produced from glyoxylate through transamination with alanine.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) metabolism also occurs through three distinctive mechanisms.

First, it can be metabolized through the Aminoacetic acid (glycine) cleavage system, a complex enzyme system that conducts the reversible reaction at the last step of producing Aminoacetic acid (glycine) from serine.
Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, the enzyme that catalyzes Aminoacetic acid (glycine) synthesis from serine, also catalyzes serine formation from Aminoacetic acid (glycine).
Finally, D-amino acid oxidases can convert Aminoacetic acid (glycine) into glyoxylate.

Although humans can synthesize Aminoacetic acid (glycine), still require dietary supplementation (usually from meat and dairy products) to support normal bodily functions, making it one of the conditionally essential amino acids. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is absorbed in the small intestine and enters the circulation, from whence it can provide a range of benefits.

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is a white, odorless, crystalline powder having a sweetish taste. 
Its solution is acid to litmus. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is the simplest amino acid in terms of structure, as its side chain consists of just a hydrogen atom. 

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) can fit into hydrophilic or hydrophobic environments, due to its minimal side chain of only one hydrogen atom. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is an amino acid, which is a building block of proteins. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is a non-essential amino acid, meaning that the body can synthesize it on its own, and it doesn't necessarily need to be obtained through the diet.

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) (symbol Gly or G;[6] /ˈɡlaɪsiːn/ ⓘ) is an amino acid that has a single hydrogen atom as its side chain. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is the simplest stable amino acid (carbamic acid is unstable), with the chemical formula NH2‐CH2‐COOH. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is one of the proteinogenic amino acids. 

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is encoded by all the codons starting with GG (GGU, GGC, GGA, GGG). 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is integral to the formation of alpha-helices in secondary protein structure due to the "flexibility" caused by such a small R group. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is also an inhibitory neurotransmitter – interference with its release within the spinal cord (such as during a Clostridium tetani infection) can cause spastic paralysis due to uninhibited muscle contraction.

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is the only achiral proteinogenic amino acid. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) can fit into hydrophilic or hydrophobic environments, due to its minimal side chain of only one hydrogen atom.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is an amino acid that helps build proteins needed for tissue and hormone maintenance. 

More Aminoacetic acid (glycine) may help support heart and liver health, improve sleep, reduce diabetes risk, and reduce muscle loss.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is a colourless, sweet-tasting crystalline solid. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) (abbreviated as Gly or G) is an organic compound with the formula NH2CH2COOH. 

Having a hydrogen substituent as its side-chain, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is the smallest of the 20 amino acids commonly found in proteins. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is codons are GGU, GGC, GGA, GGG of the genetic code.

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is very slightly soluble in alcohol and in ether. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) may be prepared from chloroacetic acid and ammonia; from protein sources, such as gelatin and silk fibroin; from ammonium bicarbonate and sodium cyanide; by catalytic cleavage of serine; from hydrobromic acid and methyleneaminoacetonitrile.

Melting point: 240 °C (dec.) (lit.)
Boiling point: 233°C
Density: 1.595
vapor pressure: 0.0000171 Pa (25 °C)
FEMA. 3287 | Aminoacetic acid (glycine)
refractive index: 1.4264 (estimate)
Flash point: 176.67°C
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: H2O: 100 mg/mL
form: powder
pka: 2.35(at 25℃)
color: <5 (200 mg/mL)(APHA)
PH: 4(0.2 molar aqueous solution)
Odor: Odorless
PH Range: 4
Odor Type: odorless
Water Solubility: 25 g/100 mL (25 ºC)
λmax: λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.05
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.05
JECFA Number: 1421
Merck : 14,4491
BRN: 635782
LogP: -3.21

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) receptors are found in the central nervous system, and Aminoacetic acid (glycine) itself is involved in various neurological processes. 
Some studies suggest that Aminoacetic acid (glycine) may have a role in cognitive function and memory.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) may have a protective effect on muscles, particularly during conditions that increase oxidative stress. 

This could be relevant in situations like intense exercise or certain diseases.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is involved in the synthesis of heme, a component of hemoglobin, which is important for oxygen transport in the blood. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) also plays a role in bile acid metabolism and may contribute to the regulation of fat metabolism.

Some research suggests that Aminoacetic acid (glycine) may have potential benefits for cardiovascular health, including its role in reducing inflammation and supporting the health of blood vessels.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is not essential to the human diet, as it is biosynthesized in the body from the amino acid serine, which is in turn derived from 3-phospho glycerate. 

In most organisms, the enzyme Serine hydroxy methyl transferase catalyses this transformation via the cofactor pyridoxal phosphate: serine + tetra hydro folate → Aminoacetic 
acid (glycine) +N5,N10-Methylene tetrahydrofolate + H2O
In the liver of vertebrates, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) synthesis is catalyzed by Aminoacetic acid (glycine) synthase (also called Aminoacetic acid (glycine) cleavage enzyme). 
This conversion is readily reversible : CO2 + NH4+ + N5,N10-Methylene tetra hydro folate + NADH + H+→ Aminoacetic acid (glycine) + tetrahydrofolate +NAD+

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is coded by codons GGU, GGC, GGA and GGG. 
Most proteins incorporate only small quantities of Aminoacetic acid (glycine). 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is manufactured exclusively by chemical synthesis, and two main processes are practiced today. 

The direct amination of chloroacetic acid with a large excess of ammonia gives good yields of Aminoacetic acid (glycine) without producing large amounts of di- and trialkylated products. 
This process is widely used in China, where the main application of the Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is as a raw material for the herbicide glyphosate.
The other main process is the Strecker synthesis. 

The direct Strecker reaction of formaldehyde and ammonium cyanide produces methylene amino acetonitrile, which must be hydrolyzed in two stages to produce Aminoacetic acid (glycine). 
A more efficient approach is to aminate the intermediate glycolonitrile, followed by hydrolysis]. 
An alternative method, which is more often applied for the homologous amino acids, is the Bucherer–Bergs reaction. 

Reaction of formaldehyde and ammonium carbonate or bicarbonate gives the intermediate hydantoin, which can be hydrolyzed to Aminoacetic acid (glycine) in a separate step.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is an amino acid, a building block for protein. It is not considered an “essential amino acid” because the body can make it from other chemicals. 
A typical diet contains about 2 grams of Aminoacetic acid (glycine) daily. 

The primary sources are protein-rich foods including meat, fish, dairy, and legumes.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is used for treating schizophrenia, stroke, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and some rare inherited metabolic disorders. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is also used to protect kidneys from the harmful side effects of certain drugs used after organ transplantation as well as the liver from harmful effects of alcohol. 

Other uses include cancer prevention and memory enhancement.
Some people apply Aminoacetic acid (glycine) directly to the skin to treat leg ulcers and heal other wounds.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is another inhibitory CNS neurotransmitter. 

Whereas GABA is located primarily in the brain, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is found predominantly in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. 
Relatively few drugs are known to interact with Aminoacetic acid (glycine); the best-known example is the convulsant agent strychnine, which appears to be a relatively specific antagonist of Aminoacetic acid (glycine).
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is degraded via three pathways. 

The predominant pathway in animals and plants involves the Aminoacetic acid (glycine) cleavage enzyme Aminoacetic acid (glycine) + tetra hydro folate + NAD+ → CO2 + NH4+ + N5,N10-Methylene tetra hydrofolate + NADH + H+ In the second pathway, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is degraded in two steps. 
The first step is the reverse of Aminoacetic acid (glycine) biosynthesis from serine with serine hydroxymethyl transferase. 

Serine is then converted to pyruvate by serine dehydratase. 
In the third pathway of Aminoacetic acid (glycine) degradation, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is converted to glyoxylate by D-amino acid oxidase. 
Glyoxylate is then oxidized by hepatic lactate dehydrogenase to oxalate in an NAD+-dependent reaction. 

The half-life of Aminoacetic acid (glycine) and its elimination from the body varies significantly based on dose. 
In one study, the half-life was between 0.5 and 4.0 hours.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) has been studied for its potential role in improving sleep quality. 

Some research suggests that Aminoacetic acid (glycine) supplementation may help promote relaxation and improve sleep patterns, making it a popular choice for individuals looking for natural sleep aids.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is involved in the synthesis of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that plays a key role in mood regulation. 
Some studies have explored the potential antidepressant effects of Aminoacetic acid (glycine).

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) may play a role in regulating blood sugar levels. 
Some research suggests that Aminoacetic acid (glycine) supplementation could improve insulin sensitivity and help manage diabetes, although more studies are needed in this area.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is a component of gelatin, which is derived from collagen. 

Gelatin has been studied for its potential benefits in supporting digestive health by promoting the integrity of the gut lining and aiding in the treatment of certain gastrointestinal conditions.
As a component of glutathione, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) contributes to the body's antioxidant defense system. 
Antioxidants help neutralize free radicals, which are molecules that can damage cells and contribute to aging and various diseases.

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is involved in the detoxification process in the liver. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) helps the liver remove toxins from the body and plays a role in the synthesis of various important molecules in the liver.
Collagen, which contains Aminoacetic acid (glycine), is crucial for maintaining the elasticity and hydration of the skin. 

Some people use Aminoacetic acid (glycine) supplements or collagen products to support skin health and reduce the signs of aging.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) may undergo Maillard reactions with amino acids to produce yellowing or browning. 
Reducing sugars will also interact with secondary amines to form an imine, but without any accompanying yellow-brown discoloration.

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is not essential to the human diet, as it is biosynthesized in the body from the amino acid serine, which is in turn derived from 3-phosphoglycerate, but one publication made by supplements sellers seems to show that the metabolic capacity for Aminoacetic acid (glycine) biosynthesis does not satisfy the need for collagen synthesis.
In most organisms, the enzyme serine hydroxymethyltransferase catalyses this transformation via the cofactor pyridoxal phosphate:
serine + tetrahydrofolate → Aminoacetic acid (glycine) + N5,N10-methylene tetrahydrofolate + H2O

In E. coli, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is sensitive to antibiotics that target folate.
In the liver of vertebrates, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) synthesis is catalyzed by Aminoacetic acid (glycine) synthase (also called Aminoacetic acid (glycine) cleavage enzyme). 
This conversion is readily reversible:

CO2 + NH+4 + N5,N10-methylene tetrahydrofolate + NADH + H+ ⇌ Aminoacetic acid (glycine) + tetrahydrofolate + NAD+
In addition to being synthesized from serine, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) can also be derived from threonine, choline or hydroxyproline via inter-organ metabolism of the liver and kidneys.

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is a non-essential amino acid that is produced naturally by the body. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is one of 20 amino acids in the human body that synthesize proteins, and it plays a key role in the creation of several other important compounds and proteins.
Chemical synthesis is the most suitable method of preparation of Aminoacetic acid (glycine). 

Amination of chloroacetic acid and the hydrolysis of aminoacetonitrile are the favored methods of production.
From chloroacetic acid and ammonia; from protein sources, such as gelatin and silk fbroin; from ammonium bicarbonate and sodium cyanide; by catalytic cleavage of serine; from hydrobromic acid and methyleneaminoacetonitrile.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is required for the synthesis of creatine, a chemical that provides energy to muscles and helps with increasing muscle strength and size.

Helps trigger the release of oxygen to the energy requiring cell-making process; Important in the manufacturing of hormones responsible for a strong immune system.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) has been studied for its potential anti-inflammatory effects. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) may help modulate the immune response and reduce inflammation in the body.

Due to its role in collagen synthesis, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is essential for wound healing and tissue repair. 
Collagen provides structural support to tissues and is crucial for the formation of new skin during the healing process.

Collagen, containing Aminoacetic acid (glycine), is a major component of joints, contributing to their structure and function. 
Some people use Aminoacetic acid (glycine) supplements to support joint health, although more research is needed in this area.

History of Aminoacetic acid (glycine):
Amino acids are organic acids containing an amino group and are the basic units of protein. 
They are generally colorless crystals with a relative high melting point (over 200 °C). 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is soluble in water with amphiprotic ionization characteristics and can have sensitive colorimetric reaction with ninhydrin reagent. 

In 1820, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) with the simplest structure was first discovered in a protein hydrolysis product. 
Until 1940, it has been found that there were about 20 kinds of amino acids in nature. 
They are necessary for the protein synthesis of both human and animal. 

They are mostly α-L-type amino acids. According to the different number of amino groups and carboxyl groups contained in amino acids, we classify amino acids into neutral amino acids (Aminoacetic acid (glycine), alanine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, cystine, cysteine, A methionine, threonine, serine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, proline and hydroxyproline, etc.) with the amino acid molecules containing only one amino group and a carboxyl group; acidic amino acid (glutamate, aspartate) which contains two carboxyl and one amino group; alkaline amino acids (lysine, arginine) which molecularly contains one carboxyl group and two amino groups; Histidine contains a nitrogen ring which exhibits weakly alkaline and thus also belonging to alkaline amino acids. 

Amino acids can be obtained both from protein hydrolysis and from chemical synthesis. 
Since the 1960s, industrial production mainly applied microbial fermentation, such as monosodium glutamate factory has been widely applied fermentation method for production of glutamate. 
In recent years, people has also applied petroleum hydrocarbons and other chemical products as raw materials of fermentation for production of amino acids.

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) was discovered in 1820 by French chemist Henri Braconnot when he hydrolyzed gelatin by boiling it with sulfuric acid.
He originally called it "sugar of gelatin", but French chemist Jean-Baptiste Boussingault showed in 1838 that it contained nitrogen.
In 1847 American scientist Eben Norton Horsford, then a student of the German chemist Justus von Liebig, proposed the name "glycocoll"; however, the Swedish chemist Berzelius suggested the simpler current name a year later.

The name comes from the Greek word γλυκύς "sweet tasting" (which is also related to the prefixes glyco- and gluco-, as in glycoprotein and glucose). 
In 1858, the French chemist Auguste Cahours determined that Aminoacetic acid (glycine) was an amine of acetic acid.

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is an essential component in the synthesis of proteins. 
Proteins are crucial for the structure and function of cells, tissues, enzymes, and various other biological molecules.

Uses Of Aminoacetic acid (glycine):
Aminoacetic acid (glycine)v is used as a solvent to remove carbon dioxide in the fertilizer industry. 
In the pharmaceutical industry, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) can be used as amino acid preparations, the buffer of chlortetracycline buffer and as the raw material for synthesizing the anti-Parkinson's disease drugs L-dopa. 
Moreover, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is also the intermediate for producing ethyl imidazole. 

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is also an adjunct therapy medicine for treating neural hyperacidity and effectively suppressing excess amount of gastric ulcer acid. 
In the food industry, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is used for the synthesis of alcohol, brewing products, meat processing and cold drinks formula. 
As a food additive, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) can be used alone as a condiment and also used in combination with sodium glutamate, DL-alanine acid, and citric acid. 

In other industries, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) can be used as a pH adjusting agent, being added to the plating solution, or used as the raw material for making other amino acids. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) can further be used as biochemical reagents and solvent in organic synthesis and biochemistry.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is used as the intermediates of pharmaceutical and pesticide, decarbonation solvents of fertilizers, plating fluid, etc.

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is used as a solvent for removing carbon dioxide in the fertilizer industry. 
In pharmaceutical industry, it is used as the buffer of chlortetracycline, amino antacids, and used for the preparation of L-dopa. 
In food industry, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) can be used as flavoring agents, agent for removing saccharine bitter taste, for brewing, meat processing, and preparation of soft drinks. 

In addition, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) can also be used as a pH adjusting agent and used in the preparation of the plating solution.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is used as biochemical reagents for the pharmaceutical, food and feed additives; it can also be used as a non-toxic decarbonization agent in the field of fertilizer industry.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is an amino acid used as a texturizer in cosmetic formulations. 

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) makes up approximately 30 percent of the collagen molecule.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is one of the non-essential amino acids and is used to help create muscle tissue and convert glucose into energy. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is also essential to maintaining healthy central nervous and digestive systems. 

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is used in the body to help construct normal DNA and RNA strands – the genetic material needed for proper cellular function and formation. 
Without Aminoacetic acid (glycine) the body would not be able to repair damaged tissues; the skin would become slack as it succumbed to UV rays, oxidation, and free radical damage, and wounds would never heal.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) may have a protective effect on muscles, especially during conditions that increase oxidative stress. 

This could be relevant in situations like intense exercise or certain diseases.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) has been studied for its potential anti-inflammatory effects, making it a candidate for conditions involving chronic inflammation.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is involved in various metabolic processes. 

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) plays a role in the synthesis of heme, a component of hemoglobin, and contributes to the regulation of blood sugar levels and fat metabolism.
As a component of glutathione, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) contributes to the body's antioxidant defense system. 
Antioxidants help neutralize free radicals, which can damage cells and contribute to aging and various diseases.

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is involved in the synthesis of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that plays a role in mood regulation. 
Some studies have explored the potential antidepressant effects of Aminoacetic acid (glycine).
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is involved in the detoxification process in the liver. 

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) helps the liver remove toxins from the body and plays a role in the synthesis of various important molecules in the liver.
Collagen, which contains Aminoacetic acid (glycine), is crucial for maintaining the elasticity and hydration of the skin. 
Some people use Aminoacetic acid (glycine) supplements or collagen products to support skin health and reduce the signs of aging.

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) receptors are found in various tissues throughout the body, and Aminoacetic acid (glycine) itself plays a role in cell signaling processes.
Some studies suggest that Aminoacetic acid (glycine) may have protective effects on the cardiovascular system, including its potential to reduce blood pressure and improve lipid profiles.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is not widely used in foods for its nutritional value, except in infusions. Instead, Aminoacetic acid (glycine)'s role in food chemistry is as a flavorant. 

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is mildly sweet, and it counters the aftertaste of saccharine. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) also has preservative properties, perhaps owing to its complexation to metal ions. 
Metal glycinate complexes, e.g. copper(II) glycinate are used as supplements for animal feeds.

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is a significant component of some solutions used in the SDS-PAGE method of protein analysis. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) serves as a buffering agent, maintaining pH and preventing sample damage during electrophoresis. 
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is also used to remove protein-labeling antibodies from Western blot membranes to enable the probing of numerous proteins of interest from SDS-PAGE gel. 

This allows more data to be drawn from the same specimen, increasing the reliability of the data, reducing the amount of sample processing, and number of samples required. 
This process is known as stripping.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. 

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) plays a role in signal transmission in the brain and spinal cord, contributing to the regulation of motor and sensory functions.
As a constituent of collagen, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is vital for maintaining the integrity and strength of connective tissues, such as skin, bones, cartilage, and tendons.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is involved in the synthesis of glutathione, a powerful antioxidant that plays a crucial role in the detoxification of harmful substances in the liver.

Some people use Aminoacetic acid (glycine) supplements to improve sleep quality. 
Research suggests that Aminoacetic acid (glycine) may have a calming effect on the brain, potentially aiding in relaxation and sleep initiation.
Due to its role in collagen synthesis, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is essential for wound healing and tissue repair. 

Collagen provides structural support to tissues, contributing to the healing process.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) receptors are found in the central nervous system, and Aminoacetic acid (glycine) itself is involved in various neurological processes. 
Some studies suggest that Aminoacetic acid (glycine) may have a role in cognitive function and memory.

Aminoacetic acid (glycine), as a component of collagen, supports the health and structure of joints. 
This is why some people use Aminoacetic acid (glycine) supplements to promote joint health, although more research is needed in this area.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) may play a role in regulating blood sugar levels and improving insulin sensitivity, making it a subject of interest in diabetes research.

Some research suggests that Aminoacetic acid (glycine) may have potential benefits for cardiovascular health, including its anti-inflammatory effects and potential to support blood vessel health.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine), as part of gelatin derived from collagen, may contribute to the health of the gut lining and aid in the treatment of certain gastrointestinal conditions.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) may also improve liver health and function. 

In male Wistar rat models of alcohol-induced liver damage, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) supplementation alleviated damage from alcohol-induced liver injury.
Another study demonstrated increased fatty acid oxidation and increased glutathione synthesis in the livers of mice with non-alcohol-induced liver injury.
These results demonstrate that Aminoacetic acid (glycine) acts on the liver, protecting it from long-term damage.

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is used for the pharmaceutical industry, organic synthesis and biochemical analysis.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is used as a buffer for the preparation of tissue culture media and the testing of copper, gold and silver. 
In medicine, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is used for the treatment of myasthenia gravis and progressive muscular atrophy, hyperacidity, chronic enteritis, and children hyperprolinemia diseases.

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is used for the treatment of myasthenia gravis and progressive muscular atrophy; treatment of excess stomach acid ester disease, chronic enteritis (often in combination antacid); using in combination with aspirin can reduce the irritation of the stomach; treatment of children hyperprolinemia; as the nitrogen source for generating non-essential amino acid and can be added to a mixed amino acid injection.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is primarily used as a nutritional additive in chicken feed.

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is used as a kind of nutritional supplement which is mainly used for flavoring.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is used for alcoholic beverage in combination with alanine; the addition amount: grape wine: 0.4%, whiskey: 0.2%, champagne: 1.0%. 
Others such as powder soup: 2%; lees marinated foods: 1%. 

Because Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is tasted like shrimp and cuttlefish, and thus can be used in sauces.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) has some certain inhibitory effects on the Bacillus subtilis and E. coli and thus can be used as the preservatives of surimi products and peanut butter with the added amount being 1% to 2%.
Because Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is amphiprotic ions containing both amino and carboxyl groups, it has a strong buffering property on the taste feeling of salt and vinegar. 

The added amount is: salted products: 0.3% to 0.7%, acid stain product: 0.05% to 0.5%. Antioxidant effect (with its metal chelation): being added to butter, cheese, and margarine extend the storage duration by 3 to 4 times. 
To make the lard oil in baked food be stable, we can add 2.5% glucose and 0.5% Aminoacetic acid (glycine). 
Adding 0.1% to 0.5% Aminoacetic acid (glycine) to the wheat flour for making convenient noodles can play a role of flavoring. 

In pharmacy, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is used as antacids (hyperacidity), therapeutic agent for muscle nutritional disorder as well as antidotes. 
Moreover, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) can also be used as the raw material for synthesizing amino acids like threonine.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) can be used as a spice according to the provisions of GB 2760-96.

Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is also known as aminoacetic acid. 
In the field of pesticide production, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) is used for synthesizing the Aminoacetic acid (glycine) ethyl ester hydrochloride which is the intermediate for the synthesis of pyrethroid insecticides. 
Moreover, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) can also be used for synthesizing fungicides iprodione and solid glyphosate herbicide; in addition it is also used in various kinds of other industries such as fertilizer, medicine, food additives, and spices.

Safety Profile Of Aminoacetic acid (glycine):
Aminoacetic acid (glycine) supplements may interact with certain medications. 
For example, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) can affect blood sugar levels, so individuals taking medications for diabetes should consult their healthcare provider before using Aminoacetic acid (glycine) supplements. 

Additionally, Aminoacetic acid (glycine) may have additive effects when taken with certain medications that influence the central nervous system.
Some studies suggest that Aminoacetic acid (glycine) supplementation may have a mild blood pressure-lowering effect. 
Individuals with low blood pressure or those taking medications to lower blood pressure should use Aminoacetic acid (glycine) supplements with caution and under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

While rare, some individuals may be allergic to Aminoacetic acid (glycine). 
Allergic reactions can range from mild symptoms such as itching and hives to severe reactions like difficulty breathing. 

High doses of Aminoacetic acid (glycine) may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Aminoacetic acid (glycine)'s essential to adhere to recommended dosage guidelines to minimize the risk of these side effects.