PRODUCTS

AMINOPROPYL TRIETHOXYSILANE

Aminopropyl triethoxysilane is highly reactive in the presence of moisture, where the ethoxy groups hydrolyze to form silanol groups that can subsequently condense and bond to inorganic substrates such as glass, silica, and metal oxides.
Aminopropyl triethoxysilane is extensively applied in coatings, adhesives, sealants, composites, and surface modification processes, particularly in nanotechnology and biomaterials, due to its ability to introduce reactive amine functionality onto surfaces.
Aminopropyl triethoxysilane can also be used for covalent attaching of organic films to metal oxides such as silica and titania.

CAS Number: 919-30-2
EC Number: 213-048-4
Chemical Formula: C9H23NO3Si
Molecular Weight: 221.37

Synonyms: 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 919-30-2, (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, APTES, 3-(TRIETHOXYSILYL)PROPYLAMINE, 1-Propanamine, 3-(triethoxysilyl)-, Silicone A-1100, Propylamine, 3-(triethoxysilyl)-, Nuca 1100, Silane 1100, Silane amg-9, Aminopropyltriethoxysilane, Triethoxy(3-aminopropyl)silane, gamma-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-(Triethoxysilyl)-1-propanamine, (gamma-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, Uc-A 1100, Silane, (3-aminopropyl)triethoxy-, aminopropyl triethoxysilane, (aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, Hydrosil 2627, Silicone A 1100, A 1100, A 1112, Silane, gamma-aminopropyltriethoxy-, amino-propyl-triethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, gamma-triethoxysilylpropylamine, A 1102 (silane derivative), L8S6UBW552, DTXSID2027333, Silsoft A-1100, NSC-95428, DTXCID407333, Xiameter(R) OFS-6011 silane, APTES cpd, (3-aminopropyl)triethoxy silane, RefChem:496290, 213-048-4, 619-243-4, 96726-79-3, 3-(triethoxysilyl)propan-1-amine, 3-Triethoxysilylpropylamine, 3-triethoxysilylpropan-1-amine, AGM-9, AGM 9, NSC 95428, Triethoxy-3-aminopropylsilane, Triethoxyaminopropylsilane, (.gamma.-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, MFCD00008207, Silane, (.gamma.-aminopropyl)triethoxy-, Dynasylan AMEO, 3-?Aminopropyltriethoxy?silane, CAS-919-30-2, Prosil 220, HSDB 5767, EINECS 213-048-4, BRN 1754988, UNII-L8S6UBW552, (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxylsilane, 3-(Triethoxysilyl)-1-propylamine, Dynasylan AMEO-P, 3-AMINOPROPYL-TRIETHOXYSILANE, GAPS, aminopropyltriethoxy silane, Union Carbide A-1100, 3-Aminopropltriethoxysilane, aminopropyl triethoxy silane, EC 213-048-4, 3-aminopropytriethoxy silane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxylsilane, NCIOpen2_007962, 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxy-silane, C 50752, SCHEMBL18080, ??-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 4-04-00-04273 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), SCHEMBL282464, 3-aminopropyl(triethoxy)silane, orb1909141, SCHEMBL4428369, SCHEMBL8741672, (3-aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane, gamma-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane, CHEMBL1542365, gamma-aminopropyl triethoxy silane, 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane,APTES, (C2H5O)3Si(CH2)3NH2, HY-D0175, NSC95428, WLN: Z3-SI-O2&O2&O2, Tox21_201446, Tox21_303330, BBL027698, MFCD01324904, STK802166, (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane(APTS), (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, 99%, 3-(Triethoxysilyl)propylamine [HSDB], AKOS008901315, FA34251, .GAMMA.-AMINPROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE, .GAMMA.-TRIETHOXYSILYLPROPYLAMINE, (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, >=98%, NCGC00090985-01, NCGC00090985-02, NCGC00090985-03, NCGC00257040-01, NCGC00258997-01, AS-14523, BP-31043, KH-550 AME0 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane, (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, >=98.0%, DB-028361, A0439, CS-0010101, NS00042455, D72483, EN300-371067, S00800, Q4542878, 3-(Triethoxysilyl)-1-propylamine 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile, (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, packaged for use in deposition systems, >=98%, 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 98%, contained in 50 ml Swagelok? cylinder for CVD/ALD, InChI=1/C9H23NO3Si/c1-4-11-14(12-5-2,13-6-3)9-7-8-10/h4-10H2,1-3H

Aminopropyl triethoxysilane is an organosilane coupling agent characterized by the presence of both an amine functional group and hydrolyzable ethoxy groups attached to a silicon atom.
Aminopropyl triethoxysilane has the general formula C₉H₂₃NO₃Si and appears as a clear to slightly yellow liquid with a characteristic amine-like odor.

Aminopropyl triethoxysilane is highly reactive in the presence of moisture, where the ethoxy groups hydrolyze to form silanol groups that can subsequently condense and bond to inorganic substrates such as glass, silica, and metal oxides.
Aminopropyl triethoxysilane is widely used to improve adhesion between organic polymers and inorganic materials, acting as a molecular bridge.
Aminopropyl triethoxysilane is extensively applied in coatings, adhesives, sealants, composites, and surface modification processes, particularly in nanotechnology and biomaterials, due to its ability to introduce reactive amine functionality onto surfaces.

Aminopropyl triethoxysilane is a premium, high-purity aminosilane used to deposit stable Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) on silica, metal oxides, and graphene.
Aminopropyl triethoxysilane's triethoxy structure allows for slower, more controlled hydrolysis compared to methoxysilanes, facilitating the formation of uniform, reproducible molecular layers.

Critically for life science research, Aminopropyl triethoxysilane releases ethanol rather than methanol during silanization, making it the preferred reagent for functionalizing surfaces intended for live-cell interfaces and clinical diagnostics.
This 99% high-purity grade is engineered to provide a high density of reactive ethoxy groups for robust covalent anchoring while eliminating the trace impurities that act as charge traps or non-specific binding sites, thereby preventing the critical performance failures in OFETs and nanosensors that standard-grade silanes often cause.

Aminopropyl triethoxysilane is an aminosilane frequently used in the process of silanization, the functionalization of surfaces with alkoxysilane molecules.
Aminopropyl triethoxysilane can also be used for covalent attaching of organic films to metal oxides such as silica and titania.

Aminopropyl triethoxysilane is used as an amino-silane which is mainly used as a dispersant.
Aminopropyl triethoxysilane attaches an amino group to the functional silane for bio-conjugation.

Aminopropyl triethoxysilane is useful in the formation of aminopropyl derivative of glass.
Aminopropyl triethoxysilane acts as an adsorbent for affinity chromatography.

Aminopropyl triethoxysilane is used to prepare positively charged slides suitable for use with various immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization procedures.
In addition, Aminopropyl triethoxysilane is used as adhesives and sealant chemicals, paint additives and coating additives.
Further, Aminopropyl triethoxysilane is used as a silylation reagent for coating glass and silica surfaces and to crosslink and immobilize proteins and other molecules.

Aminopropyl triethoxysilane is an adhesion promoter and adsorbent for affinity chromatography.
Aminopropyl triethoxysilane is used in a preparation of a series of tenary composite films of polyimide/SiO/polydiphenylsiloxane with good optical transparency.

Aminopropyl triethoxysilane is a highly utilized aminosilane for chemically modifying various surfaces, including alumina and silica.
Aminopropyl triethoxysilane acts as an effective adhesion promoter between polymers and substrate materials, facilitating strong bonding.

Uses of Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane:
Aminopropyl triethoxysilane is widely used as a coupling agent to improve adhesion between inorganic substrates (such as glass, silica, and metals) and organic polymers in coatings, adhesives, and sealants.
Aminopropyl triethoxysilane is extensively applied in composite materials, where it enhances interfacial bonding between fillers (e.g., glass fibers, mineral fillers) and polymer matrices, leading to improved mechanical strength and durability.

Aminopropyl triethoxysilane is used in surface modification processes to introduce amine functional groups onto substrates, enabling further chemical reactions such as grafting, immobilization, or crosslinking.
Aminopropyl triethoxysilane is also applied in nanotechnology and biotechnology for functionalizing nanoparticles, biosensors, and medical materials.

Aminopropyl triethoxysilane is utilized in the formulation of primers and corrosion-resistant coatings, where it improves coating adhesion and long-term performance.
Additionally, aminopropyl triethoxysilane is used in textile and paper treatments, water treatment chemicals, and as an intermediate in the synthesis of silane-based materials.

Aminopropyl triethoxysilane is used to size glass fibers for making laminates and to make non-thrombogenic dental and orthopedic materials.
Aminopropyl triethoxysilane is used as coupling agent and adhesion promoter in fiberglass, adhesives, sealants, foundry resins, and coatings.

Use with PDMS:
Aminopropyl triethoxysilane can be used to covalently bond thermoplastics to poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS).
Thermoplastics are treated with oxygen plasma to functionalize surface molecules, and subsequently coated with an aqueous 1% by volume Aminopropyl triethoxysilane solution.

PDMS is treated with oxygen plasma and placed in contact with the functionalized thermoplastic surface.
A stable, covalent bond forms within 2 minutes.

Use with cell cultures:
Aminopropyl triethoxysilane-functionalized surfaces have been shown to be nontoxic to embryonic rat cardiomyocytes in vitro.
Further experimentation is needed to evaluate toxicity to other cell types in extended culture.

Industry Uses:
Intermediate
Intermediates
Adhesives and sealant chemicals
Adhesion/cohesion promoter
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Plating agents and surface treating agents

Consumer Uses:
Adhesives and sealant chemicals

Applications of Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane:
Forms aminopropyl derivative of glass, an adsorbent for affinity chromatography.
Aminopropyl triethoxysilane is used to prepare positively charged slides suitable for use with various immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization procedures.

Recently Aminopropyl triethoxysilane has been used to prepare dye-doped silica nanoparticles with minimal aggregation and minimal nonspecific binding with biomolecules.
Self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of Aminopropyl triethoxysilane can be used to improve the adhesion of graphene flakes and SiO2 to enable better contact with the metal electrodes.

These electrodes may be used as electro-responsive tools for bio-sensing applications.
Aminopropyl triethoxysilane can be used to functionalize silane diazirine for fiber optic biosensor application.

Hollow microcarriers (HMCs) can be surface modified with Aminopropyl triethoxysilane which may be used for regenerative medicines and recombinant cells in biopharmaceutical industries.
Aminopropyl triethoxysilane is used in a preparation of a series of tenary composite films of polyimide/SiO/polydiphenylsiloxane with good optical transparency.

Aminopropyl triethoxysilane is useful in the formation of aminopropyl derivative of glass.
Aminopropyl triethoxysilane acts as an adsorbent for affinity chromatography.

As a biocompatible molecular bridge, Aminopropyl triethoxysilane is essential for engineering intelligent interfaces and stimuli-responsive systems that enable precise interactions at the intersection of nanotechnology, biology, and electronics.

Biocompatible Drug Delivery:
Aminopropyl triethoxysilane is preferred for coating Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles (MSNs) and magnetic nanocarriers intended for in vivo use, ensuring minimal cytotoxicity during the functionalization process.

Advanced Histology & Imaging:
Aminopropyl triethoxysilane is used to prepare positively charged microscope slides that enhance the adhesion of tissue sections and cells for complex immunohistochemical (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) procedures.

Nano-Biosensors:
Facilitates the immobilization of DNA and proteins onto graphene-based field-effect transistors (GFETs) and fiber-optic sensors for ultra-sensitive pathogen and biomarker detection.

Regenerative Medicine:
Surface-modifies hollow microcarriers (HMCs) and 3D-scaffolds to promote cell attachment and proliferation in tissue engineering and biopharmaceutical production.

Organic Electronics (OFETs):
Aminopropyl triethoxysilane serves as an interfacial modifier to improve the electrical contact between graphene flakes and metal electrodes, as well as passivating gate dielectrics in flexible electronic devices.

Gene Vector Engineering:
Aminopropyl triethoxysilane enables the synthesis of monodispersed, soluble DNA-nanodiamond conjugates and other cationic vectors for non-viral gene transfection.

Benefits of Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane:
Aminopropyl triethoxysilane provides strong adhesion promotion between inorganic surfaces and organic polymers, significantly improving bonding strength in composite and coating systems.
Aminopropyl triethoxysilane enhances mechanical properties such as tensile strength, durability, and resistance to delamination in filled polymer systems.

Aminopropyl triethoxysilane introduces reactive amine functionality, enabling further chemical modification, crosslinking, or grafting reactions on surfaces.
Aminopropyl triethoxysilane improves moisture resistance and long-term stability of coatings and adhesives by forming stable siloxane bonds with substrates.

Aminopropyl triethoxysilane offers versatility across multiple industries including coatings, adhesives, nanotechnology, and biomaterials.
Aminopropyl triethoxysilane supports uniform dispersion of fillers and nanoparticles within polymer matrices, leading to improved performance and consistency.
Aminopropyl triethoxysilane is effective at low concentrations, making it cost-efficient in formulation design.

Production of Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane:
Aminopropyl triethoxysilane is typically produced through a nucleophilic substitution reaction between 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane and ammonia.
In this process, 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane reacts with excess ammonia under controlled temperature and pressure conditions, where the chlorine atom is replaced by an amino group, forming aminopropyl triethoxysilane and ammonium chloride as a by-product.

The reaction is generally carried out in a solvent system or in the presence of excess ammonia to drive the reaction toward completion and minimize side reactions.
After the reaction, the mixture undergoes purification steps such as filtration to remove ammonium salts, followed by distillation to obtain high-purity Aminopropyl triethoxysilane.

Alternatively, Aminopropyl triethoxysilane can be synthesized via hydrosilylation reactions, where allylamine reacts with triethoxysilane in the presence of a catalyst, forming the desired organosilane.
Industrial production focuses on achieving high purity, controlled hydrolysis stability, and minimal residual impurities to ensure consistent performance in downstream applications.

Synthesis of Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane:
Aminopropyl triethoxysilane can be synthesized by reacting 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane with ammonia, in which the chlorine substituent is replaced by an amino group through nucleophilic substitution.
This reaction is typically performed with excess ammonia under controlled temperature and pressure to increase conversion efficiency and suppress side reactions.
The resulting mixture is then purified by removing ammonium chloride and other impurities, followed by distillation to isolate aminopropyl triethoxysilane in high purity.

Another synthesis route involves the hydrosilylation of allylamine or a protected allylamine derivative with triethoxysilane in the presence of a suitable catalyst, often a platinum-based catalyst.
In this method, the Si–H bond adds across the carbon–carbon double bond to form the aminopropyl-functional silane structure.
When protected amines are used, an additional deprotection step is required to obtain the final free amine product.

The synthesis of aminopropyl triethoxysilane requires strict moisture control because the ethoxy silane groups are highly susceptible to hydrolysis, which can lead to premature condensation and formation of unwanted siloxane oligomers.

Stability and Reactivity of Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane:

Chemical stability:
Stable under dry, controlled conditions.
Sensitive to moisture.

Reactivity:
Hydrolyzes in the presence of water forming silanols and ethanol.
Undergoes condensation to form siloxanes.

Conditions to avoid:
Moisture.
Humidity.

Heat.
Exposure to air.

Incompatible materials:
Strong acids.
Strong oxidizing agents.
Water as it causes hydrolysis.

Hazardous decomposition products:
Ethanol may be released.
Nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) may form.

Carbon monoxide (CO) may be generated.
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) may be released.
Silicon oxides may also be produced.

Handling and Storage of Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane:

Handling:
Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing.
Do not inhale vapors.

Handle in well-ventilated areas.
Prevent moisture exposure.

Storage:
Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated place.
Protect from humidity and water.
Use inert gas blanketing if necessary.

First Aid Measures of Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane:

Inhalation:
Move to fresh air.
Seek medical attention if irritation or symptoms persist.

Skin contact:
Wash immediately with soap and water.
Remove contaminated clothing.

Eye contact:
Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
Seek medical attention if irritation continues.

Ingestion:
Rinse mouth.
Do not induce vomiting.
Seek medical advice immediately.

Firefighting Measures of Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Foam.
Dry chemical.
Carbon dioxide (CO₂).
Water spray.

Hazards:
Flammable liquid.
May release ethanol vapors when heated.
Toxic fumes may be generated during combustion.

Protective equipment:
Firefighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus.
Wear full protective clothing.

Accidental Release Measures of Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane:

Personal precautions:
Ensure adequate ventilation.
Avoid inhalation and contact.
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent entry into drains and water systems.
Avoid contact with water due to hydrolysis and environmental impact.

Methods for cleaning up:
Absorb with inert materials such as sand or vermiculite.
Collect in suitable containers.
Avoid water contact during cleanup.

Exposure Controls / Personal Protection of Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane:

Engineering controls:
Provide local exhaust ventilation.
Use general ventilation if necessary.

Respiratory protection:
Use approved organic vapor respirator if ventilation is insufficient.

Hand protection:
Wear chemical-resistant gloves such as nitrile or butyl rubber.

Eye protection:
Use safety goggles or face shield.

Skin protection:
Wear protective clothing.
Use protective apron if necessary.

Hygiene measures:
Avoid eating, drinking, or smoking during use.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Identifiers of Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane:
Product Number: A0439
Purity / Analysis Method: >98.0%(GC)(T)
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C9H23NO3Si = 221.37
Physical State (20 deg.C): Liquid
Storage Temperature: Room Temperature (Recommended in a cool and dark place, <15°C)
Store Under Inert Gas: Store under inert gas
Condition to Avoid: Moisture Sensitive
CAS RN: 919-30-2
Reaxys Registry Number: 1754988
PubChem Substance ID: 87562066
SDBS (AIST Spectral DB): 6598
MDL Number: MFCD00008207

CAS: 919-30-2
IUPAC Name: (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane
Molecular Formula: C9H23NO3Si
InChI Key: WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: CCO[Si](CCCN)(OCC)OCC
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 221.37

Linear Formula: H2N(CH2)3Si(OC2H5)3
CAS Number: 919-30-2
Molecular Weight: 221.37
UNSPSC Code: 12352103
NACRES: NA.23
PubChem Substance ID: 24867571
EC Number: 213-048-4
Beilstein/REAXYS Number: 1754988
MDL number: MFCD00008207

Linear Formula: H2N(CH2)3Si(OC2H5)3
CAS Number: 919-30-2
Molecular Weight: 221.37
Beilstein: 1754988
EC Number: 213-048-4
MDL number: MFCD00008207
PubChem Substance ID: 24867571
NACRES: NA.23

CAS Number: 919-30-2
ChemSpider: 12933
ECHA InfoCard: 100.011.863
PubChem CID: 13521
UNII: L8S6UBW552
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID2027333
InChI: InChI=1S/C9H23NO3Si/c1-4-11-14(12-5-2,13-6-3)9-7-8-10/h4-10H2,1-3H3
Key: WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C9H23NO3Si/c1-4-11-14(12-5-2,13-6-3)9-7-8-10/h4-10H2,1-3H3
Key: WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYAI
SMILES: CCO[Si](CCCN)(OCC)OCC

Properties of Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane:
Chemical formula: C9H23NO3Si
Molar mass: 221.372 g·mol−1
Density: 0.946 g/mL
Melting point: −70 °C (−94 °F; 203 K)
Boiling point: 217 °C (423 °F; 490 K)

Quality Level: 200
assay: 99%
form: liquid
bp: 217 °C/760 mmHg (lit.)
density: 0.946 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: CCO[Si](CCCN)(OCC)OCC
InChI: 1S/C9H23NO3Si/c1-4-11-14(12-5-2,13-6-3)9-7-8-10/h4-10H2,1-3H3
InChI key: WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Weight: 221.37 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 9
Exact Mass: 221.14472013 Da
Monoisotopic Mass: 221.14472013 Da
Topological Polar Surface Area: 53.7 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 14
Complexity: 118
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Boiling Point: 217 °C
Flash point: 98 °C
Specific Gravity (20/20): 0.95
Refractive Index: 1.42

Specifications of Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane:
Appearance (Color): Clear colorless
Comment: May contain very small amount of sediment/precipitate
Refractive Index: 1.4190-1.4230 @20oC
Assay (GC): ≥97.5%
Identification (FTIR): Conforms
Form: Liquid

Appearance: Colorless to Almost colorless clear liquid
Purity(GC): min. 98.0 %
Purity(Neutralization titration): min. 98.0 %

Names of Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane:

Preferred IUPAC name:
3-(Triethoxysilyl)propan-1-amine