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Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane is an aminosilane frequently used in the process of silanization, the functionalization of surfaces with alkoxysilane molecules.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane can also be used for covalent attaching of organic films to metal oxides such as silica and titania.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane is an organosilane compound widely used as a coupling agent, surface modifier, and adhesion promoter in materials science, coatings, and nanotechnology.
CAS Number: 919-30-2
Molecular Formula: C9H23NO3Si
Molecular Weight: 221.37
EINECS Number: 213-048-4
Synonyms: 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 919-30-2, (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, APTES, 3-(TRIETHOXYSILYL)PROPYLAMINE, 1-Propanamine, 3-(triethoxysilyl)-, Silicone A-1100, Propylamine, 3-(triethoxysilyl)-, Nuca 1100, Silane 1100, Silane amg-9, Aminopropyltriethoxysilane, Triethoxy(3-aminopropyl)silane, gamma-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-(Triethoxysilyl)-1-propanamine, (gamma-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, Uc-A 1100, Silane, (3-aminopropyl)triethoxy-, aminopropyl triethoxysilane, (aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, Hydrosil 2627, Silicone A 1100, A 1100, A 1112, Silane, gamma-aminopropyltriethoxy-, amino-propyl-triethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, gamma-triethoxysilylpropylamine, A 1102 (silane derivative), L8S6UBW552, DTXSID2027333, Silsoft A-1100, NSC-95428, DTXCID407333, Xiameter(R) OFS-6011 silane, APTES cpd, (3-aminopropyl)triethoxy silane, RefChem:496290, 213-048-4, 619-243-4, 96726-79-3, 3-(triethoxysilyl)propan-1-amine, 3-Triethoxysilylpropylamine, 3-triethoxysilylpropan-1-amine, AGM-9, AGM 9, NSC 95428, Triethoxy-3-aminopropylsilane, Triethoxyaminopropylsilane, (.gamma.-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, MFCD00008207, Silane, (.gamma.-aminopropyl)triethoxy-, Dynasylan AMEO, 3-?Aminopropyltriethoxy?silane, CAS-919-30-2, Prosil 220, HSDB 5767, EINECS 213-048-4, BRN 1754988, UNII-L8S6UBW552, (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxylsilane, 3-(Triethoxysilyl)-1-propylamine, Dynasylan AMEO-P, 3-AMINOPROPYL-TRIETHOXYSILANE, GAPS, aminopropyltriethoxy silane, Union Carbide A-1100, 3-Aminopropltriethoxysilane, aminopropyl triethoxy silane, EC 213-048-4, 3-aminopropytriethoxy silane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxylsilane, NCIOpen2_007962, 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxy-silane, C 50752, SCHEMBL18080, gamma-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 4-04-00-04273 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), SCHEMBL282464, 3-aminopropyl(triethoxy)silane, orb1909141, SCHEMBL4428369, SCHEMBL8741672, (3-aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane, gamma-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane, CHEMBL1542365, gamma-aminopropyl triethoxy silane, 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane, APTES, (C2H5O)3Si(CH2)3NH2, HY-D0175, NSC95428, WLN: Z3-SI-O2&O2&O2, Tox21_201446, Tox21_303330, BBL027698, MFCD01324904, STK802166, (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTS), (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, 99%, 3-(Triethoxysilyl)propylamine [HSDB], AKOS008901315, FA34251, .GAMMA.-AMINPROPYLTRIETHOXYSILANE, .GAMMA.-TRIETHOXYSILYLPROPYLAMINE, (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, >=98%, NCGC00090985-01, NCGC00090985-02, NCGC00090985-03, NCGC00257040-01, NCGC00258997-01, AS-14523, BP-31043, KH-550 AMEO 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane, (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, >=98.0%, DB-028361, A0439, CS-0010101, NS00042455, D72483, EN300-371067, S00800, Q4542878, 3-(Triethoxysilyl)-1-propylamine 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile, (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, packaged for use in deposition systems, >=98%, 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 98%, contained in 50 ml Swagelok cylinder for CVD/ALD, InChI=1/C9H23NO3Si/c1-4-11-14(12-5-2,13-6-3)9-7-8-10/h4-10H2,1-3H, A 1112;a1100;a1112;AGM 9;agm9;agm-9;Aktisil AM;APTES
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane is the earliest widely used coupling agent, so far has been more than 40 years of history.
One end of the structure is provided with an active group, such as amino and vinyl, which can react with synthetic resin molecules such as epoxy, phenolic, polyester.
The other end is alkoxy (such as methoxy, ethoxy etc.) or chlorine atoms which connected with silicon, and these groups.
These groups can react with the hydroxyl groups on the surface of glass, minerals, inorganic fillers and generate reactive silicon alcohol in the presence of water in the aqueous solution or air.
Therefore, silane coupling agent is often used in silicate-filled epoxy, phenolic, polyester resin and so on.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane can also be used in the production of glass fiber reinforced plastic, in order to improve its mechanical strength and resistance to wet environment.
The organic group of the silane coupling agent has selectivity to the reaction of the synthetic resin. Generally, these organic groups are insufficiently reactive with synthetic resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and so on, so that the coupling effect is poor.
In recent years, new types of silane coupling agents have been developed which have a good coupling effect on polyolefins, but it is not widely used in cost and other properties.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilanes chemical formula is C₉H₂₃NO₃Si.
It contains both organic and inorganic functional groups.
Chemically, aminopropyl triethoxysilane consists of a silane group (Si–(OEt)₃) attached to a propyl chain ending with an amino group (–NH₂).
The ethoxy groups can hydrolyze to form silanol groups.
These silanol groups can bond to inorganic surfaces such as glass, silica, and metals.
Physically, Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane appears as a colorless to pale yellow liquid.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane has a characteristic amine-like odor.
It is soluble in organic solvents and reacts with water.
Aminopropyl triethoxysilane exhibits hydrolysis and condensation behavior.
In the presence of moisture, it forms silanol groups and then polymerizes to form siloxane bonds.
This enables strong attachment to surfaces.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane acts as a coupling agent between organic and inorganic materials.
The silane end bonds to inorganic substrates.
The amino group interacts with organic polymers or molecules.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane provides improved adhesion and surface functionality.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane enhances bonding between coatings, adhesives, and substrates.
This is important in composite materials and coatings.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane is commonly used in surface functionalization, especially in nanotechnology and biomaterials.
It allows introduction of reactive amino groups on surfaces.
This enables further chemical modification.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane is best described as a bifunctional organosilane used to link organic molecules with inorganic surfaces, widely applied in coatings, composites, and surface engineering.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane can form monolayers or multilayer coatings depending on conditions such as concentration, humidity, and curing.
Controlled deposition is important for achieving uniform films.
The molecule can participate in crosslinking reactions within polymer systems.
The amino group reacts with reactive resins such as epoxies.
This improves mechanical strength and adhesion in composite materials.
In nanotechnology, Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane is used to modify nanoparticles such as silica, metal oxides, and quantum dots.
It introduces functional groups for further chemical attachment.
This enables tailored surface chemistry.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane-treated surfaces show improved compatibility between inorganic fillers and organic matrices.
This reduces phase separation.
It enhances the overall performance of composite materials.
Melting point: −70 °C
Boiling point: 217 °C (lit.)
Density: 0.946 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor pressure: 0–7910 Pa at 25 °C
Refractive index: n²⁰/D 1.422
Flash point: 205 °F
Storage temperature: room temperature
Solubility: miscible with toluene, acetone, chloroform and ethanol
Form: liquid
pKa: 10.37 ± 0.10 (predicted)
Specific gravity: 0.942
Color: APHA ≤ 25
pH: 11 (20 g/L, H₂O, 20 °C)
Odor: fishy odor
Viscosity: 1.8 mm²/s
Explosive limit: 0.8–4.5 % (V)
Water solubility: reacts
Sensitive: moisture sensitive
Hydrolytic sensitivity: 7 (reacts slowly with moisture/water)
BRN: 1754988
Stability: stable; incompatible with acids and strong oxidizing agents; decomposes upon moisture exposure
Cosmetics ingredient function: surfactant – cleansing
InChI: 1S/C9H23NO3Si/c1-4-11-14(12-5-2,13-6-3)9-7-8-10/h4-10H2,1-3H3
InChIKey: WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: CCOSi
(OCC)OCC
LogP: −4 to −0.3 at 20 °C
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane can be used to covalently bond thermoplastics to poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS).
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilanes are treated with oxygen plasma to functionalize surface molecules, and subsequently coated with an aqueous 1% by volume APTES solution. Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane is treated with oxygen plasma and placed in contact with the functionalized thermoplastic surface.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane is a multifunctional organosilane coupling agent that appears as a colorless transparent liquid at room temperature.
Its molecular structure contains both a reactive amino group and hydrolyzable ethoxy groups, providing excellent chemical reactivity and interfacial adhesion.
As a typical silane coupling agent, it forms chemical bonds with both organic and inorganic materials, significantly enhancing the interfacial bonding strength between dissimilar substrates.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane undergoes hydrolysis in the presence of moisture, converting its ethoxy groups (–OEt) into silanol groups (–Si–OH).
These silanol groups can further react through condensation reactions to form siloxane bonds (Si–O–Si).
This process enables strong anchoring to inorganic surfaces.
The molecule provides dual reactivity due to its functional groups.
The silane end bonds covalently to surfaces such as glass, silica, oxides, and metals.
The amino group can react with polymers, resins, or biomolecules.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane is widely used for surface functionalization in nanotechnology and materials science.
It introduces reactive amine groups onto surfaces.
This allows further chemical attachment of molecules such as proteins, dyes, or polymers.
The compound can form thin self-assembled layers or coatings on substrates.
These layers modify surface properties such as wettability, adhesion, and reactivity.
This is important in coatings and sensor applications.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane improves adhesion between dissimilar materials, especially in composites.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane enhances bonding between inorganic fillers and organic polymer matrices.
This increases mechanical strength and durability.
The amino group provides reactivity toward epoxy, aldehyde, and other functional groups.
This allows crosslinking and chemical bonding in formulations.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane is useful in adhesives and coatings.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane is often used in sol–gel processes, where it participates in the formation of hybrid organic–inorganic networks.
These networks are used in coatings, films, and advanced materials.
This supports material design at the molecular level.
The compound is sensitive to moisture and hydrolysis during storage.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane should be stored in dry, sealed containers.
Controlled conditions are important to maintain its reactivity.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane is a reactive organosilane that enables surface modification, adhesion enhancement, and formation of hybrid materials, making it essential in coatings, composites, and nanotechnology.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane can significantly modify surface energy and wettability.
After treatment, surfaces often become more hydrophilic due to the presence of amino groups.
This improves coating adhesion and interaction with aqueous systems.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane is frequently used to create functionalized surfaces for biomolecule immobilization.
The –NH₂ groups can bind to proteins, DNA, or enzymes through covalent or electrostatic interactions.
This is important in biosensors and biomedical devices.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane is often used in electronic and sensor applications to create functional interfaces.
It enables attachment of conductive or sensing molecules.
This supports advanced device fabrication.
Because of its reactivity, Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane requires controlled processing conditions, including pH, moisture, and curing temperature.
Improper conditions can lead to uneven coatings or polymerization.
Careful optimization is necessary.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane is a highly versatile surface-modifying agent that enables chemical bonding, functionalization, and improved interfacial properties, especially in advanced materials, nanotechnology, and coatings.
Uses Of Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane:
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane is a versatile amino-functional coupling agent used over a broad range of applications to provide superior bonds between inorganic substrates and organic polymers.
The silicon-containing portion of the molecule provides strong bonding to substrates.
The primary amine function reacts with a wide array of thermoset, thermoplastic, and elastomeric materials.
Silane coupling agent Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane is applied in plastic products (including cables, glassfiber-reinforcement plastics etc.), rubber products, adhesives, coatings, pigments dispersion, inks, magnetic materials (plastic magnet and rubber magnet), metallic casting resins and resins concrete, etc.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane maximizes the physical and electrical properties of mineral-filled phenolics, epoxies, polyamides, polybutylene terephthalate, and a host of other thermoset and thermoplastic composites. Filler wetting and dispersibility in the polymer matrix are also improved.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane improves adhesion between magnetic powder and organic resins and dispersion of magnetic powder inorganic resins.
Also these magnetic appliances attain higher magnetic orientation and excellent magnetic properties, higher mechanical strength, good processability, excellent weathering resistance.
Forms aminopropyl derivative of glass, an adsorbent for affinity chromatography. Used to prepare positively charged slides suitable for use with various immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization procedures.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane is useful in the formation of aminopropyl derivative of glass.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane acts as an adsorbent for affinity chromatography.
It is used to prepare positively charged slides suitable for use with various immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization procedures.
In addition, it is used as adhesives and sealant chemicals, paint additives and coating additives.
Further, Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane is used as a silylation reagent for coating glass and silica surfaces and to crosslink and immobilize proteins and other molecules.
Aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) is widely used as a coupling agent in composite materials.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane improves adhesion between inorganic fillers (e.g., glass, silica) and organic polymers.
This enhances mechanical strength and durability.
In coatings and adhesives, Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane acts as an adhesion promoter.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane forms strong bonds between substrates and coatings.
This improves coating stability and resistance.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane is used in surface functionalization of glass, silica, and metal oxides.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane introduces amino groups onto surfaces.
This enables further chemical modification.
In nanotechnology, Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane is applied to modify nanoparticles such as silica and metal oxides.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane provides reactive sites for attaching molecules or polymers.
This supports advanced material design.
In biosensors and biomedical applications, Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane is used for immobilizing biomolecules.
The amino groups bind proteins, enzymes, or DNA to surfaces.
This is essential for sensor functionality.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane is used in sol–gel processes to produce hybrid organic–inorganic materials.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane participates in network formation and surface modification.
This is important in coatings and thin films.
In electronics and microfabrication, Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane is used to prepare functional surfaces.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane improves adhesion and enables chemical patterning.
This supports device fabrication.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane is applied in polymer modification and crosslinking systems.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane reacts with resins such as epoxies to improve bonding.
This enhances composite and adhesive performance.
In analytical and laboratory applications, Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane is used to prepare functionalized substrates.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane helps create surfaces for chemical or biological studies.
This supports research and development.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane is used wherever surface modification, adhesion improvement, and organic–inorganic coupling are required across materials science, nanotechnology, coatings, and biomedical applications.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane presents moderate to significant hazards, mainly due to its reactivity, corrosive nature after hydrolysis, and flammability.
It can release alcohol (ethanol) during hydrolysis.
Ingestion is harmful and may cause gastrointestinal irritation.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane can also affect internal organs if large amounts are consumed.
Medical attention is required if swallowed.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane is flammable, and its vapors can form flammable mixtures with air.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane should be kept away from heat, sparks, and open flames.
Proper grounding and storage are necessary.
The compound reacts with moisture, undergoing hydrolysis and releasing ethanol.
This reaction can generate heat and vapors.
Containers should be kept tightly sealed and dry.
Thermal decomposition may produce toxic fumes, including nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, and silicon-containing compounds.
Heating should be carefully controlled.
Adequate ventilation is required.
From an environmental perspective, APTES may be harmful to aquatic organisms if released in large amounts.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane can hydrolyze and interact with environmental systems.
Waste should be disposed of according to regulations.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane requires strict safety precautions, including PPE, moisture control, proper ventilation, and fire safety measures due to its reactivity and flammability.
Safety Profile Of Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane:
Poison by intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by ingestion and skin contact.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane a skin andeye irritant when heated to decomposition it emits toxicfumes of NOx.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane presents moderate to high hazards, mainly due to its corrosive effects after hydrolysis, flammability, and vapor exposure risks.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane reacts with moisture and can release ethanol.
Careful handling under controlled conditions is required.
Skin contact may cause irritation or chemical burns, especially with prolonged exposure.
Hydrolysis products can increase skin sensitivity.
Protective gloves and suitable clothing should be used.
Eye contact can cause severe irritation or serious eye damage.
Symptoms include redness, pain, and possible injury to the eye surface.
Immediate and prolonged rinsing with water is essential.
Inhalation of vapors may cause respiratory irritation.
Symptoms can include coughing, throat irritation, and discomfort.
Use in well-ventilated areas or with respiratory protection is recommended.
Ingestion is harmful and may cause irritation to the digestive system.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane may also lead to systemic effects if large amounts are swallowed.
Medical attention should be sought immediately.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane is flammable, and its vapors can form explosive mixtures with air.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane must be kept away from heat, sparks, and open flames.
Proper storage in flammable-liquid cabinets is recommended.
Aminopropyl Triethoxysilane reacts with water through hydrolysis, producing ethanol and silanol species.
Containers should be tightly sealed and protected from moisture.
Thermal decomposition can produce toxic gases, including nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, and silicon-containing fumes.
