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Ammonia provides the fundamental nutrients demands for various kinds of organisms by serving as a precursor of their food and fertilizer.
Ammonia is also important for various kinds of biological processes.
Ammonia serves as a building blocks of many kinds of commercially important nitrogen compounds as well as pharmaceutical products.
CAS Number: 7664-41-7
Molecular Formula: H3N
Molecular Weight: 17.03
EINECS Number: 231-635-3
Synonyms: AQUEOUS AMMONIA;Ammonia0.5M solution in 1,4-dioxaneAcroSeal§3;Ammonia2M solution in methanolAcroSeal§3;Liguid ammonia;Ammonia (ca. 4% in Ethanol, ca. 2.0mol/L);Ammonia (ca. 4% in Isopropyl Alcohol, ca. 2.0mol/L);Ammonia,2M solution in 1,4-dioxane;Ammonia,2M solution in THF
Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen.
As a colorless pungent gas, it is highly soluble in water to become the liquid ammonia.
Ammonia is also one of the most abundant nitrogen-containing compound in the atmosphere.
The major application of ammonia is acting as the fertilizer to supply the nitrogen source of plants and animals.
Ammonia is used in the manufacture of commercial explosive such as TNT.
Ammonia is applied to textile industry for the manufacture of nylon and rayon, the dyeing and scouring of cotton and silk as well as being used as a catalyst in the production of some synthetic resins.
Ammonia also has applications in various metallurgical processes and fermentation processes.
Ammonia can even be used as a cleaner and antimicrobial reagent in the food.
Ammonia is an inorganic chemical compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3.
A stable binary hydride and the simplest pnictogen hydride, ammonia is a colourless gas with a distinctive pungent smell.
Ammonia is widely used in fertilizers, refrigerants, explosives, cleaning agents, and is a precursor for numerous chemicals.
Biologically, it is a common nitrogenous waste, and it contributes significantly to the nutritional needs of terrestrial organisms by serving as a precursor to fertilisers.
Around 70% of ammonia produced industrially is used to make fertilisers in various forms and composition, such as urea and diammonium phosphate.
Ammonia in pure form is also applied directly into the soil.
Ammonia is a simple inorganic compound composed of nitrogen and hydrogen, widely used in industrial, agricultural, and chemical applications.
Its chemical formula is NH₃.
Ammonia is one of the most important industrial chemicals.
Chemically, ammonia consists of one nitrogen atom bonded to three hydrogen atoms, forming a trigonal pyramidal structure.
Ammonia is a weak base and can accept protons to form ammonium ions (NH₄⁺).
It is highly soluble in water, forming ammonium hydroxide solution.
Physically, ammonia is a colorless gas with a strong, pungent odor.
Ammonia is lighter than air and highly volatile.
It can be liquefied under pressure for storage and transport.
Ammonia exhibits basic (alkaline) properties in aqueous solution.
Ammonia can neutralize acids and form salts.
This makes it important in many chemical processes.
Ammonia has high solubility in water, forming a strongly alkaline solution.
This solution is often referred to as ammonia water or ammonium hydroxide.
Ammonia is widely used in cleaning and chemical applications.
Ammonia is chemically reactive, especially with acids, halogens, and oxidizing agents.
It participates in many synthesis reactions.
This contributes to its industrial importance.
It is widely used as a raw material in fertilizer production, particularly for ammonium salts and urea.
It is also used in refrigeration systems and chemical manufacturing.
Ammonia is best described as a basic, volatile inorganic compound with strong reactivity and wide industrial importance, especially in fertilizers, cleaning, and chemical synthesis.
Ammonia, either directly or indirectly, is also a building block for the synthesis of many chemicals.
In many countries, it is classified as an extremely hazardous substance.
Ammonia is toxic, causing damage to cells and tissues. For this reason it is excreted by most animals in the urine, in the form of dissolved urea.
Ammonia (NH₃) is the foundation for the nitrogen (N) fertilizer industry.
It can be directly applied to soil as a plant nutrient or converted into a variety of common N fertilizers, but this requires special safety and management precautions.
Ammonia has a high affinity for water, forming hydrogen bonds with water molecules.
This contributes to its high solubility.
Ammonia also results in the formation of alkaline solutions.
The molecule exhibits a lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom, which is responsible for its basicity.
This allows ammonia to act as a Lewis base.
It can donate this electron pair in chemical reactions.
Ammonia plays a key role in acid–base equilibria.
Ammonia reacts with water to form ammonium ions and hydroxide ions.
This establishes a weak base equilibrium in solution.
The compound can act as a ligand in coordination chemistry, forming complexes with metal ions.
These complexes are important in analytical and industrial chemistry.
They influence solubility and reactivity.
Ammonia is involved in many industrial chemical processes, such as the Haber–Bosch process.
This process produces ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen gases.
Ammonia is a cornerstone of modern chemical industry.
Melting point: −78 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 60 °C
Density: 1.023 g/mL at 25 °C
Vapor density: 0.6 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 8.75 atm (21 °C)
FEMA: 4494 | ammonia (also includes ammonium chloride)
Flash point: 52 °F
Storage temperature: 0–6 °C
Solubility: miscible with ethanol (95%) and water
pKa: 38 (at 25 °C)
Form: liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: intense pungent odor detectable at 17 ppm
pH: pKa₁ = 9.461 (25 °C)
Odor threshold: 1.5 ppm
Explosive limit: 25%
Odor type: ammoniacal
Water solubility: soluble
Sensitive: hygroscopic
Merck: 14,492
BRN: 3587154
Henry’s Law constant: 1.31 (0 °C), 2.92 (20 °C)
Exposure limits: TLV-TWA 25 ppm (~18 mg/m³), STEL 35 ppm, IDLH 500 ppm
Dielectric constant: 25.0 (−59 °C)
Stability: stable; hygroscopic; flammable; incompatible with acids and strong oxidizing agents; reacts violently with many substances
Cosmetics ingredient functions: buffering, fragrance
Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR): ammonia (7664-41-7)
InChI: 1S/H₃N/h1H3
InChIKey: QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: N
LogP: 0.23 at 20 °C
Ammonia is a common chemical of production, holding a third place in world production.
The large-scale use of ammonia is facilitated by large-scale storage tanks containing millions of gallons of anhydrous ammonia with a network of piping for off-loading to train or truck.
Industrial exposures come from its use in fertilizers, explosives, intermediary in chemical productions, metallurgy, paper/pulp manufacturing, and refrigeration.
Ammonia is also a natural component of the nitrogen cycle.
Ammonia is produced by the decomposition of organic matter.
It plays an essential role in biological and environmental processes.
Because of its strong odor, ammonia can be detected at very low concentrations.
This makes it useful as a warning gas.
Ammonia helps identify leaks or exposure quickly.
Ammonia is a highly reactive, water-soluble base with a lone electron pair, important in chemical synthesis, industrial processes, and natural biological cycles.
Ammonia exhibits high diffusivity and mobility as a gas, allowing it to spread rapidly in air.
Because it is lighter than air, it tends to rise in open environments.
This affects how it behaves in leaks or industrial settings.
The compound can undergo oxidation reactions, forming nitrogen oxides under certain conditions.
These reactions are important in industrial processes such as nitric acid production.
They also play a role in environmental chemistry.
Ammonia is capable of forming ammonium salts when reacting with acids.
Examples include ammonium chloride and ammonium sulfate.
These salts are widely used in fertilizers and chemical formulations.
In aqueous systems, ammonia contributes to pH control and buffering capacity.
It can adjust alkalinity in solutions.
This is useful in water treatment and chemical processing.
Ammonia can act as a reducing agent in certain reactions, especially at elevated temperatures.
It participates in reactions with metal oxides and other compounds.
This is relevant in industrial chemistry.
The compound can interact with biological systems, where it is involved in protein metabolism and waste processing.
However, high concentrations are toxic.
This dual role is important in biology and toxicology.
Ammonia can form hydrogen bonds, which influence its physical and chemical behavior.
Ammonia or azane is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3.
Ammonia is a colorless gas with a characteristic pungent smell, which is very common in toilets sometime.
Ammonia is used in industry and commerce, and also exists naturally in humans and in the environment.
Ammonia is essential for many biological processes and serves as a precursor for amino acid and nucleotide synthesis.
In the environment, ammonia is part of the nitrogen cycle and is produced in soil from bacterial processes.
Ammonia is also produced naturally from decomposition of organic matter, including plants and animals.
Ammonia solution is a solution of ammonia in water.
Ammonia is known as ammonia water, ammonium hydroxide, ammoniacal liquor, ammonia liquor, liquid ammonia, aqua ammonia, aqueous ammonia, or (inaccurately, nevertheless commonly referred to as) simply ammonia.
Ammonia can be denoted by the symbols NH3(aq).
Although the name ammonium hydroxide suggests a salt with the composition [NH+4][OH−], it is impossible to isolate samples of NH4OH.
The ions NH+4 and OH− do not account for a significant fraction of the total amount of ammonia except in extremely dilute solutions.
Uses Of Ammonia:
Ammonia is used extensively in the fertilizer industry to produce solid material such as ammonium salts, nitrate salts, and urea.
Ammonia, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium phosphate are made directly by neutralizing the corresponding acids-sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and phosphoric acid-with ammonia.
Urea is an organic compound formed by combining ammonia and carbon dioxide.
Ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, and urea are used for direct application to the soil in dry form and in combination with other phosphate and potassium salts.
Ammonia is also used in the production of nitrogen fertilizer solutions that consist of ammonia, ammonium nitrate, urea, and water in various combinations.
Some are pressure solutions and others are not.
Nonpressure and lowpressure solutions are widely used for direct application to the soil.
Pressure solutions containing free ammonia are used in the manufacture of high-analysis mixed fertilizers.
Ammonia or dissociated ammonia is used in such metal-treating operations as nitriding, carbo-nitriding, bright annealing, furnace brazing, sintering, and other applications where protective atmospheres are required.
Fertilizer, corrosion inhibitor, purification of water supplies, component of household cleaners, as refrigerant.
Manufacture of nitric acid, explosives, synthetic fibers, fertilizers.
In pulp and paper, metallurgy, rubber, food and beverage, textile and leather industries.
Ammonia is widely used in the production of fertilizers, such as ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, and urea.
It provides a key source of nitrogen for plant growth.
This makes it essential in modern agriculture.
In chemical manufacturing, ammonia is used as a raw material for producing nitric acid, amines, and other nitrogen-containing compounds.
Ammonia participates in many industrial synthesis processes.
This supports large-scale chemical production.
Ammonia is used as a refrigerant (R-717) in industrial cooling systems.
Ammonia has high efficiency and good thermodynamic properties.
This makes it important in food processing and cold storage.
In cleaning products, ammonia solutions are used to remove grease, stains, and dirt.
They are effective in household and industrial cleaners.
This is due to their alkaline nature.
Ammonia is applied in water treatment processes to control pH and remove contaminants.
It helps maintain proper chemical balance in water systems.
This supports safe and efficient treatment.
In the textile and leather industries, ammonia is used in processing and finishing steps.
It helps modify material properties.
This improves product quality.
Ammonia is used in the production of plastics, explosives, and synthetic fibers.
It serves as a building block for many chemical compounds.
This highlights its industrial importance.
In pharmaceutical manufacturing, ammonia is used as a reagent and pH adjuster.
It helps control reaction conditions.
This supports drug production processes.
Ammonia is also used in laboratory applications for chemical analysis and synthesis.
It acts as a base and reagent.
Ammonia is used wherever nitrogen supply, alkalinity control, refrigeration, and chemical synthesis are required across agriculture, industry, and laboratory applications.
Ammonia is used in the production of explosives, such as ammonium nitrate–based materials.
It serves as a key nitrogen source in energetic compounds.
These applications are tightly controlled due to safety concerns.
In pulp and paper processing, ammonia is used to treat fibers and adjust pH.
Ammonia helps improve fiber properties and processing efficiency.
This contributes to paper quality.
Ammonia is applied in food processing in regulated forms (e.g., ammonium compounds) as acidity regulators or leavening agents.
It helps control pH and texture in certain products.
Its use is strictly regulated for safety.
In flue gas treatment and air pollution control, ammonia is used in selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems.
Ammonia helps reduce nitrogen oxide (NOₓ) emissions.
This supports environmental protection.
Ammonia is used in metal treatment and heat treatment processes, such as nitriding.
It introduces nitrogen into metal surfaces.
This improves hardness and wear resistance.
In agriculture beyond fertilizers, ammonia is used for soil treatment and pH adjustment.
It can also act as a preservative for animal feed under controlled conditions.
This supports agricultural management.
Ammonia is applied in analytical chemistry for preparing buffer solutions and complexing agents.
It helps control reaction conditions and ion interactions.
This improves analytical accuracy.
In fuel and energy research, ammonia is studied as a potential hydrogen carrier and alternative fuel.
It can store and transport hydrogen efficiently.
This supports emerging energy technologies.
Ammonia is also used in degreasing and surface preparation in industrial cleaning.
It helps remove contaminants from surfaces.
This improves processing and coating performance.
Ammonia is used wherever nitrogen chemistry, pH control, emission reduction, surface treatment, and advanced energy applications are required across diverse industries.
Safety Profile Of Ammonia:
Ingestion of strong solutions of ammonia is very harmful and causes severe pain in the mouth, throat, and gastrointestinal tract as well as severe local edema with cough, vomiting, and shock.
Burns to the esophagus and stomach may result in perforation.
Inhalation of the vapor causes sneezing, coughing, and, in high concentration, pulmonary edema, asphyxia has been reported.
The vapor is irritant to the eyes. Strong solutions are harmful when applied to the conjunctiva and mucous membranes.
Topical application of even dilute ammonia solutions, used to treat insect bites, has caused burns, particularly when used with a subsequent dressing.
Ammonia presents significant health and safety hazards, especially in concentrated or gaseous form, due to its corrosive nature, toxicity, and volatility.
Ammonia has a strong, pungent odor that can be detected at low concentrations.
Strict safety measures are required during handling.
Skin contact with ammonia or concentrated solutions can cause severe irritation or chemical burns.
It can damage skin tissue and cause redness or blistering.
Protective gloves and clothing are essential.
Eye contact can result in serious eye damage, including burns and potential loss of vision.
Symptoms include intense pain, redness, and tearing.
Immediate and prolonged rinsing with water is critical.
Inhalation of ammonia gas is highly hazardous.
Ammonia can cause respiratory irritation, coughing, and breathing difficulty.
High concentrations may lead to lung damage or be life-threatening.
Ingestion of ammonia solutions is corrosive and dangerous.
Ammonia can cause burns to the mouth, throat, and stomach.
Immediate medical attention is required.
