ANTIOXIDANT BHT

Antioxidant BHT, also known as dibutylhydroxytoluene, is a lipophilic organic compound, chemically a derivative of phenol, that is useful for its antioxidant properties.
Antioxidant BHT-treated moisturizing liquid oils, perfume, and flavors exhibit better shelf-life and fragrance stabilizing after the opening of the package. 
Antioxidant BHT rapidly dissolves in oils and poorly in water and can be used for essential oil caring soaps. 

CAS Number: 128-37-0
Molecular Formula: C15H24O
Molecular Weight: 220.35
EINECS Number: 204-881-4

2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 128-37-0, Butylhydroxytoluene, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, 2,6-Di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, Ionol, DBPC, Stavox, BHT, Impruvol, Ionol CP, Dalpac, Deenax, Dibunol, Ionole, Kerabit, Topanol, Vianol, Antioxidant KB, Antioxidant 4K, Sumilizer BHT, Topanol O, Topanol OC, Vanlube PC, Antioxidant 29, Antioxidant 30, Antioxidant DBPC, Sustane BHT, Tenamene 3, Vanlube PCX, Nonox TBC, Tenox BHT, Phenol, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-, Chemanox 11, Agidol, Catalin CAO-3, Ionol 1, Advastab 401, 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene, BUKS, Parabar 441, Antrancine 8, Vulkanox KB, Catalin antioxidant 1, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-cresol, 2,6-ditert-butyl-4-methylphenol, Ionol (antioxidant), Paranox 441, 2,6-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol, Antioxidant MPJ, Antioxidant 4, Alkofen BP, AO 4K, CAO 1, CAO 3, Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol, Swanox BHT, Antox QT, Tenamen 3, Agidol 1, Antioxidant 264, Bht (food grade), o-Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol, Antioxidant T 501, Ional, Nocrac 200, AO 29, NCI-C03598, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-1-hydroxy-4-methylbenzene, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol, 2,6-Di-terc.butyl-p-kresol, Dbpc (technical grade), 4-Hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butyltoluene, FEMA No. 2184, 4-Methyl-2,6-tert-butylphenol, Butylhydroxytoluenum, Di-tert-butylcresol, AOX 4K, Dibutylhydroxytoluene, 2,6-ditert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol, Ionol CP-antioxidant, P 21, 2,6-DI-T-BUTYL-P-CRESOL, 4-Methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, AOX 4, Butyl hydroxy toluene, CCRIS 103, Popol, HSDB 1147, BHT 264, Bht(food grade), NSC 6347, NSC-6347, 4-Methyl-2,6-di-terc. butylfenol, EINECS 204-881-4, Ionol BHT, Ralox BHT, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol, 1-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylbenzene, MFCD00011644, 2,6-ditertiary-butyl-p-cresol, Dbpc(technical grade), DTXSID2020216, E321, CHEBI:34247, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylhydroxybenzene, AI3-19683, p-Cresol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-, INS-321, 1P9D0Z171K, 2,6-bis(tert-butyl)-4-methylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butylcresol, CHEMBL146, Di-tert-Butyl-4-methylphenol, DTXCID20216, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol-d24, INS NO.321, E-321, FEMA 2184, NSC6347, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl phenol, NCGC00091761-03, Tonarol, Toxolan P, 1219805-92-1, 2,6-DI(TERT-BUTYL-D9)-4-METHYLPHENOL-3,5,O-D3, Caswell No. 291A, Annulex BHT, BUTYLHYDROXYTOLUENE (EP MONOGRAPH), BUTYLHYDROXYTOLUENE [EP MONOGRAPH], CAS-128-37-0, Butylohydroksytoluenu, Butylohydroksytoluenu [Polish], Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (VAN), di-tert-butyl-methylphenol, Di tert butyl methylphenol, 2,6-Di-terc.butyl-p-kresol [Czech], EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 022105, 2,6 Di tert butyl p cresol, UNII-1P9D0Z171K, 4-Methyl-2,6-di-terc. butylfenol [Czech], 2,6 Di t butyl 4 methylphenol, Lowinox BHT, Nipanox BHT, BHT Swanox, BHT, food grade, 4-Methyl-2,6-di-t-butyl-phenol, 2, food grade, 2,6 Di tert butyl 4 methylphenol, 3IM, Dibutyl-para-cresol, NAUGARD BHT, PERMANAX BHT, TOPANOL BHT, YOSHINOX BHT, ANTAGE BHT, TOPANOL OL, VANOX PC, IONOL K, Spectrum_001790, BHT FCC/NF, SpecPlus_000768, CATALIN CAO 3, Methyldi-tert-butylphenol, Spectrum3_001849, Spectrum5_001612, BHT [INCI], Hydagen DEO (Salt/Mix), BHT [FCC], LUBRIZOL 817, ULTRANOX 226, EC 204-881-4, 2,6-di-Butyl-para-cresol, 2.6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol, SCHEMBL3950, 2,6-ditert-butyl-p-cresol, p-Cresol,6-di-tert-butyl-, Di-tert-Butylparamethylphenol, BSPBio_003238, KBioSS_002281, 2,6-di-tert.butyl-p-cresol, IONOL 330, MLS000069425, BIDD:ER0031, DivK1c_006864, P 21 (PHENOL), SPECTRUM1600716, 2,6-bis-tert-butyl-p-cresol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-paracresol, 2,6-di-tert-butylmethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert. butyl-p-cresol, 2,6-di-tert.-butyl-p-cresol, T 501 (PHENOL), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-para-cresol, 2,6-di-tert-Butyl-methylphenol, 2,6-ditertbutyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-t butyl-4-methylphenol, 2.6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, KBio1_001808, KBio2_002280, KBio2_004848, KBio2_007416, KBio3_002738, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4methylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-tertbutyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-ditert.butyl-4-methylphenol, BHT1506, 2,6-Di(tert-butyl)hydroxytoluene, 18 - Anti-oxidants in copra oil, 2,6-di(t-butyl)-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-t- butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-t-butyl 4-methyl phenol, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl phenol, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl-phenol, 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene, HMS2091E21, HMS2231M22, HMS3369G17, HMS3750M21, Pharmakon1600-01600716, 2,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl 4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4 methylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl4-methyl phenol, 2,6-di-tert.butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-ditert.-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2.6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 4-methyl-2,6-di-tert.butylphenol, 2,6-di-ter-butyl-4-methyl-phenol, 2,6-Di-tert.-Butyl4-methylphenol, 2,6-ditertiarybutyl-4-methylphenol, 2.6-di- t-butyl- 4-methylphenol, AMY40200, HY-Y0172, STR04334, 2,6 -di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di(tert-butyl)-4-methylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, 8CI, 2,6-di-tert.-butyl-4-methylphenol, Tox21_113537, Tox21_201093, Tox21_303408, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (BHT), 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-para-methylphenol, BDBM50079507, NSC759563, s6202, 2,6-di-tert. butyl-4-methyl phenol, 2,6-Di-(tert-butyl)-4-methylphenol, AKOS000269037, Tox21_113537_1, CCG-207937, CS-W020053, NSC-759563, 2,6-TERT-BUTYL-4-METHYLPHENOL, Phenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl-, NCGC00091761-01, NCGC00091761-02, NCGC00091761-04, NCGC00091761-05, NCGC00091761-06, NCGC00091761-07, NCGC00257275-01, NCGC00258645-01, AC-10553, SMR000059076, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT), 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 99%, BUTYLHYDROXYTOLUENUM [WHO-IP LATIN], SBI-0052890.P002, 4-HYDROXY-3,5-DI-T-BUTYL-TOLUENE, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, >=99%, D0228, FT-0610731, Phenol,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-, T 501, 2,6-bis-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol, 4-Methyl-2,6-ditert-butylphenol, EN300-52982, PK04_181024, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-1-hydroxy-4-methylbenzene, D02413, D77866, MLS-0146297.0001, AB00053233_09, Phenol, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-, 2,6-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol, 9CI, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, puriss., 99%, A937188, AC-907/25014329, Q221945, SR-01000735918, SR-01000735918-2, W-108376, 9FC4DFC8-480D-487C-A74A-2EC9EECE92C4, BENZENE,1,3-DITERT.BUTYL,2-HYDROXY,5-METHYL, BRD-K53153417-001-01-3, BRD-K53153417-001-06-2, F0001-0395, Z764922868, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, purum, >=99.0% (GC), WLN: 1X1 & 1 & R BQ E1 CX1 & 1 & 1, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, >=99.0% (GC), powder, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, tested according to Ph.Eur., 3,5-Di-tert-4-butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), analytical standard, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol 1000 microg/mL in Acetonitrile, Butylhydroxytoluene, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R), 2,6-DI-TERT-BUTYL-P-CRESOL2,6-BIS(1,1-DIMETHYLETHYL)-4-METHYL-PHENOL, InChI=1/C15H24O/c1-10-8-11(14(2,3)4)13(16)12(9-10)15(5,6)7/h8-9,16H,1-7H

Antioxidant BHT is probably the most efficient anti-oxidant used in perfumery. 
Antioxidant BHT is almost odourless in use but as a pure white to off-white crystalline powder has a very faint musty cresylic phenolic odour. 
Antioxidant BHT is used from 0.1% in citrus oils, alipihatic aldehydes, fixed oils and many other oxygen sensitive materials, compounds and finished products it can greatly extend their shelf and odour life and also slow down, but not completely stop, colour changes.

Antioxidant BHT is a synthetic phenolic compound mainly used as an antioxidant and preservative in the food industry. 
Antioxidant BHT is used to prevent the lipid oxidation in oils and fat-containing foods.
Antioxidant BHT toxicity is generally considered as being low.

Antioxidant BHT is widely used to prevent free radical-mediated oxidation in fluids (e.g. fuels, oils) and other materials, and the regulations overseen by the U.S. F.D.A.—which considers Antioxidant BHT to be "generally recognized as safe"—allow small amounts to be added to foods. 
Despite this, and the earlier determination by the National Cancer Institute that Antioxidant BHT was noncarcinogenic in an animal model, societal concerns over its broad use have been expressed. 

Antioxidant BHT has also been postulated as an antiviral drug, but as of December 2022, use of Antioxidant BHT as a drug is not supported by the scientific literature and it has not been approved by any drug regulatory agency for use as an antiviral.
Antioxidant BHT is white or light yellow crystal. 
Antioxidant BHT has a melting point of 71°C, a boiling point of 265°C, a relative density of 1.048 (20/4°C), and a refractive index of 1.4859 (75°C). 

Solubility of Antioxidant BHT at normal temperature: methanol 25, ethanol 25-26, isopropanol 30, mineral oil 30, acetone 40, petroleum ether 50, benzene 40, lard (40-50°C ) 40-50, corn oil and soybean oil 40-50. 
Antioxidant BHT is insoluble in water, 10NaOH solution, glycerol, and propylene glycol. 
Antioxidant BHT is odorless, odorless with good thermal stability.

Antioxidant BHT is an antioxidant shown to be chemopreventive against a variety of carcinogens. 
Antioxidant BHT, acts as a free radical scavenger, binding to and neutralizing these highly reactive molecules in the body. 
By doing so, it helps protect cells from damage and reduces oxidative stress, which can otherwise lead to cell damage.

Antioxidant BHT, or butylated hydroxytoluene, is an antioxidant commonly used in the food industry to preserve the freshness and quality of fats and oils. 
Antioxidant BHT belongs to a class of compounds known as phenolic compounds. 
Antioxidants like BHT help prevent the oxidation of these fats and oils, which can lead to the development of off-flavors and odors, as well as a decrease in nutritional value.

Oxidation is a chemical reaction that involves the transfer of electrons and can result in the degradation of lipids (fats and oils). 
By inhibiting the oxidation process, Antioxidant BHT helps extend the shelf life of products that contain fats and oils. 
This makes it a popular additive in a variety of food products, including snacks, cereals, baked goods, and more.

Antioxidant BHT are monohydric phenolic antioxidants that, prior to their introduction and acceptance in the food industry, were used to protect petroleum against oxidative degumming. 
Antioxidant BHT has a very faint, musty, occasional cresylictype odor. 
BHA and Antioxidant BHT are extensively used in foods as antioxidants. 

Antioxidants like BHT act as “chain breaks” in the autooxidation processes under the usual conditions of processing, storage and use of fat-containing foods.
Antioxidant BHT may damage the protective outer layer of viral cells. 
This may keep the viruses from multiplying and/or doing more damage.

Antioxidant BHT may damage the protective outer layer of viral cells. 
This may keep the viruses from multiplying and/or doing more damage.
Antioxidant BHT is a stabiliser that can be found in cosmetic products. 

Antioxidant BHT acts as an antioxidant that helps maintain the properties and performance of a product as it is exposed to air.
Antioxidant BHT, is an organic compound that is used in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industry as an antioxidant. 
Antioxidant BHT is a substituted derivative of phenol. 

Antioxidant BHT helps to prevent the formation of free radicals and oxidation. 
When used in food products, it delays oxidative rancidity of fats and oils, and prevents loss of activity of oil-soluble vitamins. 
Antioxidant BHT may be found in pharmaceutical gels, creams and liquid or gelatin capsules, tablets and other pharmaceutical dosage forms. 

The ability of oral Antioxidant BHT to lead to cancer is a controversial topic, but most food industries have replaced it with butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). 
A large review from 2002 concluded that BHT is safe for use on the skin in cosmetics.
Antioxidant BHT is a human-made chemical used as a preservative in foods and cosmetics. 

Antioxidant BHT is regularly used to preserve fats, color, texture, and oils in these products. 
Antioxidant BHT’s also a synthetic antioxidant used in processed foods. 
Antioxidant BHT risks include potential hormone disruption and cancer. 

Million Marker believes Antioxidant BHT is dangerous and should be avoided. 
There is some controversy around Antioxidant BHT. 
Antioxidant BHT's not a new ingredient, it has been used both as a food and cosmetics additive since the 1970s. 

Plenty of studies tried to examine if it's a carcinogen or not. 
This Truth in Aging article details the situation and also writes that all these studies examine BHT when taken orally.
Antioxidant BHT works by donating hydrogen atoms to free radicals, which are highly reactive molecules that can cause oxidative damage to cells. 

By neutralizing these free radicals, Antioxidant BHT helps prevent the oxidative deterioration of fats and oils.
Apart from its use in the food industry, Antioxidant BHT is also used as an antioxidant in other products such as cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, rubber, and plastics. 
In these applications, Antioxidant BHT helps prevent the degradation of materials due to exposure to oxygen and other environmental factors.

Antioxidant BHT is sometimes used in combination with other antioxidants to enhance its effectiveness. 
This combination of antioxidants is believed to provide a broader spectrum of protection against oxidation.
Antioxidant BHT is regulated by food safety authorities around the world. 

In the United States, the FDA has established specific limits for the use of BHT in food products. 
The acceptable daily intake (ADI) has been established based on scientific assessments of its safety.
Antioxidant BHT is considered safe when used within regulatory limits, there have been some studies suggesting potential health concerns. 

Some research has linked high doses of Antioxidant BHT to adverse effects, and there are ongoing discussions about its safety. 
Antioxidant BHT's essential to note that the levels used in food are typically much lower than those used in some research studies.
Due to concerns about synthetic antioxidants like Antioxidant BHT, there is increasing interest in natural alternatives, such as tocopherols (vitamin E) and rosemary extract, which also have antioxidant properties and are used in some food products.

Antioxidant BHT These flavor grade chemicals are processed using pure and accurate ingredients that are procured from reliable and trusted vendors of the market.
Antioxidant BHT is a synthetic antioxidant commonly used in various industries for its ability to inhibit the oxidation of substances, thereby extending their shelf life and maintaining their quality.
Antioxidant BHT is added to rubber compounds to prevent oxidation and degradation of rubber materials. 

Rubber products, such as tires, belts, gaskets, and seals, are vulnerable to environmental factors like heat, oxygen, and UV radiation, which can cause them to crack and deteriorate. 
Antioxidant BHT helps protect these rubber products from premature aging and deterioration.
Antioxidant BHT is a synthetic, potent antioxidant, white crystalline oil-soluble powder that will delay the rancidity (auto-oxidation) of oils and fats (mainly containing polyunsaturated fatty acids) in food and personal care applications. 

Antioxidant BHT scavenges free oxygen radicals preventing oxidation inside the product (fat-stabilizer) and skin cell membranes and DNA after application.
Antioxidant BHT extends the shelf-life of oil-based formulations, preventing deterioration. 
Antioxidant BHT is used to help reduce the rate of rancidity in oils at the optimum level of antioxidant ranges from 0.02% to 0.1%.

Since Antioxidant BHT is used in many near consumer products population wide exposure is expected.
Antioxidant BHT is widely used in decorative cosmetics, personal care products, and fragrances.
Most fats, oils and fat-containing foods are naturally susceptible to rapid rancification and other oxidative reactions that produce compounds having objectionable taste and odor, making foods containing them unpalatable. Lipid oxidation is autocatalytic and proceeds as a complex of chain reactions, the nature and speed of which vary with the substrate, temperature, light, availability of oxygen and presence or absence of oxidation catalysts. 

Antioxidant BHT or butylated hydroxytoluene is a lipophilic chemical compound that is chemically derived from phenol and is used in various industries such as food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals due to its antioxidant properties. 
Shanghai Chemex is one of the most reputable suppliers of this chemical in the world; In the following, will get more acquainted with the physical and chemical properties and the most important applications and properties of Dibutyl hydroxytoluene.
Antioxidant BHT is a lab-made chemical that is added to foods as a preservative. People also use it as medicine.

Antioxidant BHT is commonly added to oils and fats, such as cooking oils, to prevent them from becoming rancid due to oxidation. 
Antioxidant BHT can also be found in a wide range of processed foods, including snacks, cereals, and baked goods, to prevent spoilage and maintain product freshness.
Antioxidant BHT is Butylated hydroxytoluene, a potent synthetic antioxidant sometimes used to help stabilise light- and air-sensitive cosmetic ingredients such as retinol and unsaturated fatty acids.

Antioxidant BHT is also globally approved for use as a food-grade preservative, where its antioxidant action keeps foods fresher longer. 
Amounts of 0.02% or less are considered safe for this use; however, controversial reports have been published since the 1970s that digestive metabolites of Antioxidant BHT could cause health problems.

The chemical synthesis of Antioxidant BHT in industry has involved the reaction of p-cresol (4-methylphenol) with isobutylene (2-methylpropene), catalyzed by sulfuric acid: 
CH3(C6H4)OH + 2 CH2=C(CH3)2 → ((CH3)3C)2CH3C6H2OH
Alternatively, Antioxidant BHT has been prepared from 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol by hydroxymethylation or aminomethylation followed by hydrogenolysis.

The species behaves as a synthetic analog of vitamin E, primarily acting as a terminating agent that suppresses autoxidation, a process whereby unsaturated (usually) organic compounds are attacked by atmospheric oxygen. 
Antioxidant BHT stops this autocatalytic reaction by converting peroxy radicals to hydroperoxides. 

Antioxidant BHT effects this function by donating a hydrogen atom:
RO2• + ArOH → ROOH + ArO•
RO2• + ArO• → nonradical products

where R is alkyl or aryl, and where ArOH is Antioxidant BHT or related phenolic antioxidants. 
Each Antioxidant BHT consumes two peroxy radicals.
Antioxidant BHT is insoluble in water, but can be easily dissolved in fats and non-polar solvents, chemical is a stable substance, and its use in food production can help to increase shelf life and maintain its quality; In the table below some of the chemicals and physical properties of this product are mentioned:

The main use of Antioxidant BHT in food production is as a factor to increase the shelf life of canned foods, vegetables, and other products. 
Antioxidant BHT with its antioxidant properties can prevent the spoilage of liquids and foods and helps to increase the quality of taste and color of the products. 
Antioxidants are chemicals that prevent oxidation, a chemical reaction that can result in free radicals and chain reactions that can harm the cells of an organism.

Antioxidant-rich foods may lower the risk of a variety of illnesses (including heart disease and certain cancers).
These compounds have protective effects and are still being researched all around the world.
Most people rarely pay attention to the long and confusing ingredients lists on every item, so be surprised that Antioxidant BHT is one of the most common and approved antioxidants in the world. 

From lubricants to cosmetics and medicines, Antioxidant BHT has a variety of uses and enhances many of the products encounter on an everyday basis. 
In this article, we are going to explore Antioxidant BHT and why it’s frequently used by companies, as well as the benefits of using antioxidants in lubricants within the industry.
Antioxidant BHT is a non-staining antioxidant found in green algae and derived from phenol.

Due to its antioxidant properties, Antioxidant BHT’s highly demanded in various industries, and it’s available in several physical forms, including free-flowing spherical particles. 
Antioxidant BHT is a hindered phenolic antioxidant with a low molecular weight that reduces the degradation of organic materials initiated by heat, light, and time.
Antioxidant BHT’s a fat-soluble organic compound used in plastics and petroleum products, and it’s also frequently used in vegetable oils, animal foods, and edible fats.

Antioxidant BHT is also used as a stabilizer in cosmetics to help maintain the properties and performance of products when they’re exposed to air (i.e. avoiding changes in color or texture).
Antioxidant BHT chemical is also frequently found in technical-grade products. 
Antioxidant BHT’s often seen as antioxidants in lubricants, for example, in hydraulic fluids, jet fuels, gear oils, and other metalworking fluids.

Antioxidant BHT is hydrophobic, meaning it repels water. This property makes it particularly useful in protecting fats and oils from oxidation since it tends to stay in the lipid phase, where oxidation reactions typically occur.
Antioxidant BHT helps maintain the quality and stability of food products during storage. 
By preventing oxidation, Antioxidant BHT helps preserve the color, flavor, and nutritional content of the food over an extended period.

In addition to its use in the food industry, Antioxidant BHT is a common ingredient in cosmetics and personal care products. 
Antioxidant BHT is often included in formulations such as lotions, creams, and lip balms to prevent the oxidative degradation of oils and fats in these products.
Antioxidant BHT is approved for use in many countries, there are variations in the maximum allowable concentrations and specific applications. 

Antioxidant BHT's essential for manufacturers to comply with the regulations in each region where their products are sold.
Antioxidant BHT is a synthetic compound, and there have been environmental concerns associated with its use. 
Antioxidant BHT is persistent in the environment, and there have been studies indicating its presence in water and soil. 

However, the concentrations found in the environment are generally low.
Ongoing research is conducted to assess the safety and potential health effects of Antioxidant BHT. 
Regulatory agencies continually monitor scientific studies and update safety assessments as needed.

Antioxidant BHT's important for consumers, industry professionals, and regulators to stay informed about the latest research findings.
Due to increased consumer demand for natural and clean label products, some food manufacturers are exploring alternatives to synthetic antioxidants like Antioxidant BHT. 
This includes using natural antioxidants derived from herbs, spices, and other plant sources.

The food industry is dynamic, and trends in consumer preferences, health consciousness, and sustainability practices can influence the use of food additives. 
Manufacturers may adjust formulations based on these trends, potentially impacting the use of antioxidants like Antioxidant BHT.

Melting point: 69-73 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 265 °C(lit.)
Density: 1.048
vapor density: 7.6 (vs air)
vapor pressure: <0.01 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: 1.4859
FEMA: 2184 | BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE
Flash point: 127 °C
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: methanol: 0.1 g/mL, clear, colorless
form: Crystals
pka: pKa 14(H2O t = 25 c = 0.002 to 0.01) (Uncertain)
color: white
Odor: faint characteristic odor
Odor Type: phenolic
Water Solubility: insoluble
Merck: 14,1548
BRN: 1911640
Exposure limits    ACGIH: TWA 2 mg/m3
LogP:  5.2

Butylated Hydroxytoluene is a phenolic antioxidant. 
Antioxidant BHT can inhibit lipid peroxidation and cause lung injury in mice and promote tumor growth, which may be due to the metabolites of Butylated Hydroxytoluene, 6-tert-butyl-2-[2&prime;-(2&prime;-hydroxymethyl)-propyl]-4-Methylphenol. 
Antioxidant BHT metabolites have also been reported to cause DNA strand breaks in cultured cells and DNA breaks between nucleosomes (a typical feature of apoptosis). 

A single intraperitoneal injection of Antioxidant BHT into rats caused a significant increase in nuclear DNA methyltransferase activity in the liver, kidney, heart, spleen, brain, and lung.
Antioxidant BHT, molecular formula C11H16O2, and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), molecular formula C15H24O are antioxidants. 
Antioxidant BHT is an oil-soluble waxy solid with the E number E320, and BHT is an oil-soluble white powder with the E number E321.

Fatty or oily foods treated with BHA and Antioxidant BHT taste better for longer, due to their chain-breaking antioxidants that quench free radicals. 
BHA and Antioxidant BHT are time-tested, economical, easy-to-use ingredients that prevents fats in foods from going rancid. 
BHA and BHT Antioxidant BHT primarily used as antioxidants and preservatives in food, food packaging, and animal feed, to preserve appealing food odor, color and flavor.

The food industry generally prefers Antioxidant BHT in combination with BHA due to their stability at higher temperatures than vitamin E.
Antioxidant BHT scavenges peroxide, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH; ), superoxide, and ABTS radicals in cell-free assays, as well as inhibits lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid in vitro when used at a concentration of 45 μg/ml. 
Antioxidant BHT reduces freeze-thaw-induced malondialdehyde (MDA) production and increases sperm viability in boar spermatozoa preparations. 

Formulations containing Antioxidant BHT have been used as antioxidant cosmetic and food additives.
Antioxidant BHT is produced commercially by the alkylation of para-cresol with isobutylene.
Antioxidant BHT is also produced by several western European manufacturers, production/processing plants in Germany, France, the Netherlands, United Kingdom and Spain.

Antioxidant BHT, do not behave as organic alcohols, as one might guess from the presence of a hydroxyl (-OH) group in their structure. 
Instead, they react as weak organic acids. 
Antioxidant BHTs and cresols are much weaker as acids than common carboxylic acids (phenol has Ka = 1.3 x 10^[-10]). 

Antioxidant BHT is employed as an antioxidant in the pharmaceutical industry to prevent the degradation of certain medications and drugs. 
Antioxidant BHT helps maintain the stability and efficacy of pharmaceutical formulations.
Antioxidant BHT is sometimes used in combination with another synthetic antioxidant called BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole). 

This combination is often used in food and industrial applications, and their synergistic effects can provide enhanced antioxidant activity.
The Codex Alimentarius is an international collection of food standards, guidelines, and codes of practice established by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO). 
Antioxidant BHT is included in the Codex Alimentarius as an approved food additive with specified conditions of use.

Antioxidant BHT is commonly used in the pet food industry to preserve the freshness and quality of fats and oils in pet food products. 
The same principles of antioxidant function apply to extend the shelf life of pet food.
Some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to Antioxidant BHT. 

While allergic reactions are rare, individuals with known sensitivities should be cautious and check product labels for the presence of Antioxidant BHT.
Beyond its use as an antioxidant, there has been some research exploring potential health benefits of Antioxidant BHT. 
However, more research is needed to fully understand any potential positive effects, and at this point, the primary recognized function of Antioxidant BHT is as an antioxidant in various applications.

Antioxidant BHT is sensitive to light and air, and its effectiveness as an antioxidant can be compromised under certain storage conditions. 
Therefore, manufacturers may take precautions in packaging and storage to ensure the stability of products containing Antioxidant BHT.
Antioxidant BHT has been shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation. 

Antioxidant BHT causes lung injury and promotes tumors in mice, but this may be due to a metabolite of Butylated Hydroxytoluene, 6-tert-butyl-2-[2′-(2′-hydroxymethyl)-propyl]-4-methylphenol. 
Metabolites of Antioxidant BHT have also been reported to induce DNA strand breaks and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation (a characteristic of apoptosis) in cultured cells. 
In rats, a single intraperitoneal injection of Antioxidant BHT results in a significant increase in nuclear DNA methyl transferase activity in the liver, kidneys, heart, spleen, brain and lungs. 

Incubation of alveolar macrophages with Antioxidant BHT significantly reduced the level of TNF-α which may explain the mechanism by which this antioxidant reduces inflammation. 
Preincubation of aspirin-treated platelets with Antioxidant BHT inhibits the secretion, aggregation, and protein phosphorylation induced by protein kinase C activators. 
Antioxidant BHT was also found to inhibit the initiation of hepatocarcinogenesis by aflatoxin B1.

Antioxidant BHT is phenolic and undergoes reactions characteristic of phenols. 
Antioxidant BHT is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents such as peroxides and permanganates. 
Contact with oxidizing agents may cause spontaneous combustion. 

Iron salts cause discoloration with loss of activity. 
Heating with catalytic amounts of acids causes rapid decomposition with the release of the flammable gas isobutene.
Antioxidant BHT, any of various chemical compounds added to certain foods, natural and synthetic rubbers, gasolines, and other substances to retard autoxidation, the process by which these substances combine with oxygen in the air at room temperature. 

Retarding autoxidation delays the appearance of such undesirable qualities as rancidity in foods, loss of elasticity in rubbers, and formation of gums in gasolines. 
Antioxidant BHTs most commonly used are such organic compounds as aromatic amines, phenols, and aminophenols.

Antioxidant BHT properties of BHT are also widely used in the production of cosmetics and personal care products, such as lipsticks, moisturizers, skin care creams, and sunscreens. 
The use of BHT can increase the shelf life of these products and help increase the volume of products and improve their quality.

Uses Of Antioxidant BHT:
Antioxidant BHT has wide application, such as flavors, fragrances, biochemical reagents-other chemical reagents, chemical raw materials, organic chemical raw materials, biochemical, inorganic salts, antioxidants, food additives, feed additives, feed storage additives, aromatic hydrocarbons, bulk drugs and so on. 
Antioxidant BHT can inhibit lipid peroxidation and exhibit electrophilic quinone methyl ether toxicity mediated by oxidative metabolism. 
The Antioxidant BHT metabolites, 6-tert-butyl-2- [2 ′-(2′-hydroxymethyl) -propyl] -4-methylphenol, may cause lung damage in mice and promote tumor growth.

Because they prevent rancidity, Antioxidant BHTs are of great interest to the food industry. 
For example, Antioxidant BHT, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), and EDTA are frequently used to preserve various foods, such as cheese or fried products.
Antioxidant BHT is a powerful inhibitor of lipid peroxidation, yet large doses of it can induce oxidative DNA damage and cancer development in the rat forestomach.

Antioxidant BHT as general antioxidants is used widely in polymer materials, petroleum products and food processing industries. 
Antioxidant BHT is commonly used rubber antioxidant, heat, oxygen aging have some protective effect, but also can inhibit copper harm. 
Antioxidant BHT does not change color, not pollution. 

Antioxidant BHT high solubility in oil, no precipitation, less volatile, non-toxic and non-corrosive.
Antioxidant BHT is listed by the NIH Hazardous Substances Data Bank under several categories in catalogues and databases, such as food additive, household product ingredient, industrial additive, personal care product/cosmetic ingredient, pesticide ingredient, plastic/rubber ingredient and medical/veterinary/research.
Antioxidant BHT is primarily used as an antioxidant food additive.

In the United States, Antioxidant BHT is classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) based on a National Cancer Institute study from 1979 in rats and mice.
Antioxidant BHT is approved for use in the U.S. by the Food and Drug Administration: For example, 21 CFR § 137.350(a)(4) allows Antioxidant BHT up to 0.0033% by weight in "enriched rice", while 9 CFR § 381.147](f) allows up to 0.01% in poultry "by fat content".
Antioxidant BHT is permitted in the European Union under E321.

Antioxidant BHT is used as a preservative ingredient in some foods. 
With this usage Antioxidant BHT maintains freshness or prevents spoilage; it may be used to decrease the rate at which the texture, color, or flavor of food changes.
Antioxidant BHT is added to fuels and lubricants to prevent oxidation and degradation, which can lead to the formation of harmful deposits and a decrease in performance. 

Antioxidant BHT is particularly useful in the aviation industry to maintain the quality of aviation fuels.
Antioxidant BHT metabolites causing DNA strand breaks in cultured cells and DNA breaks between nucleosomes (a typical feature of apoptosis), which result in relieving inflammation.
Inhibiting secretion, aggregation, and protein phosphorylation caused by protein kinase C activators at the process of the pre-incubation of aspirin-treated platelets.

Inhibiting liver cancer formation induced by aflatoxin B1.
As Michael receptor, Antioxidant BHT can react with uninucleophiles and proteins.
Reaction of 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol with fluorine (II) - benzophenone dianion complex.

Food additive 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol can promote acute lung toxicity and tumor growth in mice.
Antioxidant BHT can be used to prepare organoaluminum compound methylaluminum bis (2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-alkylphenol oxide).
Antioxidant BHT is commonly used as a preservative in cosmetics and foods. 

However, General Mills started removing Antioxidant BHT from their cereals over growing health concerns. 
Antioxidant BHT may act as an endocrine disruptor and damage healthy cells. 
Antioxidant BHT helps to delay oxidation, making it an advantageous choice to employ as an antioxidant in lubricants.

Oxidation is the cause of many unfavorable conditions in lubricants, such as the formation of sludge and other deposits, decreased lubricity, plugging of filters, and decreased load-bearing capacity. 
This degradation of the lubricant reduces its ability to protect mechanical equipment against wear and friction, leading to significant damage.
Antioxidant BHT chemical, the oxidative resistance of the base oil is increased, thus preventing damage and prolonging the lubricant’s life. 

Using additives for lubricants also allows them to operate at higher temperatures which wouldn’t otherwise be possible. 
This is particularly useful where large amounts of friction are concerned, such as brake fluids and hydraulics.
Antioxidant BHT is also known as butylated hydroxy toluene. 

Antioxidant BHT is an anti-oxidant that also has preservative and masking capabilities.
Antioxidant BHT is used as a food additive (E321) to extend the shelf life of various food products.
Antioxidant BHT is used to treat genital herpes and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Antioxidant BHT is used as a polymer stabilizer in the plastics industry. 
Antioxidant BHT helps prevent the degradation of plastics caused by exposure to heat and UV radiation, which can lead to discoloration and reduced mechanical properties.
Antioxidant BHT is an antioxidant that functions similarly to butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) but is less stable at high temperatures. 

Antioxidant BHT is also termed 2,6-di-tert-butyl-para-cresol.
Antioxidant BHT is used in some pharmaceutical formulations to stabilize drug compounds that are susceptible to oxidation. 
Antioxidant BHT helps maintain the efficacy and stability of certain medications.

Antioxidant BHT for food, animal feed, petroleum products, synthetic rubbers, plastics, animal and vegetable oils, soaps. 
Antioxidant BHT is used as an antioxidant in cosmetics, foods, and pharmaceuticals. 
Antioxidant BHT is mainly used to delay or prevent the oxidative rancidity of fats and oils and to prevent loss of activity of oil-soluble vitamins.

Antioxidant BHT is also used at 0.5–1.0% w/w concentration in natural or synthetic rubber to provide enhanced color stability.
Antioxidant BHT has some antiviral activity and has been used therapeutically to treat herpes simplex labialis.
Antioxidant BHT is widely used in the food industry as a synthetic antioxidant to preserve the quality of fats and oils. 

Antioxidant BHT helps prevent the oxidation of these components, which can lead to rancidity, off-flavors, and a deterioration of nutritional value in food products.
Antioxidant BHT is a common ingredient in cosmetics, skincare products, and personal care items such as lotions, creams, and lip balms. 
Antioxidant BHT helps maintain the stability and quality of oils and fats used in these formulations, preventing them from becoming rancid or deteriorating.

In the pharmaceutical industry, Antioxidant BHT is used as an antioxidant in certain medications and drugs. 
Antioxidant BHT assists in preserving the stability and efficacy of pharmaceutical formulations by preventing oxidative degradation.
Antioxidant BHT is employed in the pet food industry to extend the shelf life of products by protecting the fats and oils used in pet food from oxidation.

Antioxidant BHT is used as an antioxidant in the manufacturing of rubber and plastic products. 
Antioxidant BHT helps prevent the degradation of these materials when exposed to environmental factors such as heat and oxygen.
Antioxidant BHT is sometimes added to industrial lubricants to prevent oxidation and maintain the quality and performance of the lubricating oils.

Antioxidant BHT can be used as an additive in fuels and oils to enhance their stability and prevent oxidation, particularly in applications where long-term storage or exposure to varying environmental conditions is a concern.
Antioxidant BHT is used in the textile industry to protect fibers and fabrics from oxidative damage during processing and storage.
Antioxidant BHT is used in electrical transformer oil to inhibit oxidation and extend the lifespan of the oil, contributing to the overall longevity and reliability of transformers.

Antioxidant BHT is also used as an antioxidant in products such as metalworking fluids, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, rubber, transformer oils, and embalming fluid.
In the petroleum industry, where Antioxidant BHT is known as the fuel additive AO-29, it is used in hydraulic fluids, turbine and gear oils, and jet fuels.
Antioxidant BHT is also used to prevent peroxide formation in organic ethers and other solvents and laboratory chemicals.

Antioxidant BHT is added to certain monomers as a polymerisation inhibitor to facilitate their safe storage.
Some additive products contain Antioxidant BHT as their primary ingredient, while others contain the chemical merely as a component of their formulation, sometimes alongside butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA).
Antioxidant BHT is used in various cosmetic products, including certain formulas containing fats or in aqueous emulsions containing certain active ingredients or plant extracts. 

Antioxidant BHT is used in certain products to stabilise and protect the raw materials themselves, and less as an ingredient in and of itself. 
Antioxidant BHT can resist high temperatures (unlike some natural antioxidants): it is therefore very useful in certain raw material manufacturing processes. 
Antioxidant BHT is a phenolic antioxidant used in the preservation of a wide variety of products, including shelf-stable baked goods.

Antioxidant BHT is used in cosmetics and personal care products, such as lotions, lip balms, and creams, to prevent the oxidative degradation of oils and other sensitive ingredients. 
This helps maintain the quality and stability of these products over time.
Antioxidant BHT is commonly used as an antioxidant in various products. 

Antioxidant BHT is used by companies as an effective method of delaying oxidation, as it absorbs or traps free radicals that would otherwise result in the base oil rapidly oxidizing.
For food products or cosmetics, this could drastically alter their appearance and texture, whereas for lubricants, it could deem them ineffective.
Many companies don’t use the Antioxidant BHT chemical as an ingredient in its own regard but instead to benefit from its antioxidizing properties. 

As well as ensuring the quality and stability of raw materials and formulas, Antioxidant BHT is also able to resist high temperatures, unlike some other natural antioxidants. 
This makes it incredibly useful in various manufacturing processes.
Antioxidant BHT is used in the printing and ink industry to prevent the oxidation of oils and pigments, helping to maintain the quality and stability of inks.

Antioxidant BHT can be included in the formulation of adhesives and sealants to prevent the oxidation of certain components, ensuring the longevity and performance of these products.
In the leather industry, Antioxidant BHT is sometimes used to protect leather goods from oxidative damage during storage and processing.
Antioxidant BHT has been used in the production of certain photographic chemicals to prevent the degradation of sensitive components due to oxidation.

Antioxidant BHT is employed in some anti-icing fluids used in aviation to inhibit the oxidation of certain components and maintain the effectiveness of the fluid.
Antioxidant BHT has been explored in biomedical research for its potential health benefits, including its antioxidant properties. 
Some studies have investigated its role in addressing oxidative stress and inflammation. 

However, more research is needed to establish its efficacy and safety for therapeutic use.
Antioxidant BHT is utilized as a stabilizer in the polymerization process for certain plastics. 
Antioxidant BHT helps prevent the polymer chains from breaking down due to oxidation during manufacturing.

Antioxidant BHT has been studied for its potential use in preserving cultural heritage items such as paintings and artifacts. 
Antioxidant BHT may be applied to protect materials from deterioration caused by environmental factors.
Antioxidant BHT can be found in some fragrance formulations, where it helps maintain the stability of certain fragrance compounds.

Safety Profile Of Antioxidant BHT:
Poison by intraperitoneal andintravenous routes. 
Moderately toxic by ingestion. 
Anexperimental teratogen. 

Other experimental reproductiveeffects. 
Antioxidant BHT a human skin irritant. 
Antioxidant BHT a skin and eye irritant.

Antioxidant BHT is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is metabolized and excreted in the urine mainly as glucuronide conjugates of oxidation products. 
Although there have been some isolated reports of adverse skin reactions, Antioxidant BHT is generally regarded as nonirritant and nonsensitizing at the levels employed as an antioxidant.
The WHO has set a temporary estimated acceptable daily intake for Antioxidant BHT at up to 125 μg/kg body-weight.

Like many closely related phenol antioxidants, Antioxidant BHT has low acute toxicity (e.g., the desmethyl analog of BHT, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, has an LD50 of >9 g/kg). 
The US Food and Drug Administration classifies Antioxidant BHT as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) food preservative when used in an approved manner.
In 1979, the National Cancer Institute determined that Antioxidant BHT was noncarcinogenic in a mouse model.

Nevertheless, the World Health Organization discussed a possible link between Antioxidant BHT and cancer risk in 1986, and some primary research studies in the 1970s–1990s reported both potential for increased risk and potential for decreased risk in the area of oncology.
Because of this uncertainty, the Center for Science in the Public Interest puts BHT in its "caution" column and recommends avoiding it.
Based on various, disparate primary research reports, Antioxidant BHT has been suggested to have anti-viral activity, and the reports divide into various study types. 

First, there are studies that describe virus inactivation—where treatment with the chemical results in disrupted or otherwise inactivated virus particles.
The action of BHT in these is akin to the action of many other organic compounds, e.g., quaternary ammonium compounds, phenolics, and detergents, which disrupt viruses by insertion of the chemical into the virus membrane, coat, or other structure, which are established methods of viral disinfection secondary to methods of chemical oxidation and UV irradiation.
In addition, there is a report of Antioxidant BHT use, topically against genital herpes lesions, a report of inhibitory activity in vitro against pseudorabies (in cell culture), and two studies, in veterinary contexts, of use of BHT to attempt to protect against virus exposure (pseudorabies in mouse and swine, and Newcastle in chickens).

The relevance of other reports, regarding influenza in mice, is not easily discerned.
Notably, this series of primary research reports does not support a general conclusion of independent confirmation of the original research results,nnor are there critical reviews appearing thereafter, in secondary sources, for the various host-virus systems studied with Antioxidant BHT.
The US Food and Drug Administration believes that Antioxidant BHT is safe enough if used in limited concentrations. 

Antioxidant BHT is currently allowed to be used in concentrations of 0.01 to 0.02% in most foods. 
Antioxidant BHT is safe in amounts found in processed foods. 
But there is not enough information to know whether it is safe to take it at usually higher doses. 
There is also insufficient information to know whether BHT can be used safely on the skin.

Storage Of Antioxidant BHT:
Exposure to light, moisture, and heat causes discoloration and a loss of activity. 
Antioxidant BHT should be stored in a wellclosed container, protected from light, in a cool, dry place.

Toxicity evaluation Of Antioxidant BHT:
Antioxidant BHT is a white crystalline solid. 
Antioxidant BHT is insoluble in water and alkalies; but soluble in most common organic solvents such as alcohol and ether. 
Antioxidant BHT is melting point is 70°C, boiling point is 265°C, flash point is 127°C, and specific gravity is 1.048 at 20°C.

Health and Environmental Hazards Of Antioxidant BHT:
BHA and Antioxidant BHT can induce allergic reactions in the skin. 
The International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies BHA as a possible human carcinogen. 
The European Commission on Endocrine Disruption has also listed BHA as a Category 1 priority substance, based on evidence that it interferes with hormone function.

Long-term exposure to high doses of Antioxidant BHT is toxic in mice and rats, causing liver, thyroid and kidney problems and affecting lung function and blood coagulation. 
Antioxidant BHT can act as a tumour promoter in certain situations. 
Limited evidence suggests that high doses of Antioxidant BHT may mimic estrogen, the primary female sex hormone, and prevent expression of male sex hormones, resulting in adverse reproductive affects.

Under the Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic, BHA is listed as a chemical of potential concern, noting its toxicity to aquatic organisms and potential to bioaccumulate. 
Likewise, a United Nations Environment Program assessment noted that Antioxidant BHT had a moderate to high potential for bioaccumulation in aquatic species.