BENZOIC ACID

CAS NO.: 65-85-0
EC/LIST NO.:  200-618-2

Benzoic acid /bɛnˈzoʊ.ɪk/ is a white (or colorless) solid with the formula C6H5CO2H. 
Benzoic acid is the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid. 
The name is derived from gum benzoin, which was for a long time its only source. 
Benzoic acid occurs naturally in many plants and serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of many secondary metabolites. 
Salts of benzoic acid are used as food preservatives. 
Benzoic acid is an important precursor for the industrial synthesis of many other organic substances. 
The salts and esters of benzoic acid are known as benzoates 

Benzoic acid was discovered in the sixteenth century. 
The dry distillation of gum benzoin was first described by Nostradamus (1556), and then by Alexius Pedemontanus (1560) and Blaise de Vigenère (1596).

Justus von Liebig and Friedrich Wöhler determined the composition of benzoic acid.
These latter also investigated how hippuric acid is related to benzoic acid.

In 1875 Salkowski discovered the antifungal abilities of benzoic acid, which was used for a long time in the preservation of benzoate-containing cloudberry fruits.

Benzoic acid is produced commercially by partial oxidation of toluene with oxygen. 
The process is catalyzed by cobalt or manganese naphthenates. 
The process uses abundant materials, and proceeds in high yield

The first industrial process involved the reaction of benzotrichloride (trichloromethyl benzene) with calcium hydroxide in water, using iron or iron salts as catalyst. 
The resulting calcium benzoate is converted to benzoic acid with hydrochloric acid. 
The product contains significant amounts of chlorinated benzoic acid derivatives. 
For this reason, benzoic acid for human consumption was obtained by dry distillation of gum benzoin. 
Food-grade benzoic acid is now produced synthetically.

Benzoic acid is cheap and readily available, so the laboratory synthesis of benzoic acid is mainly practiced for its pedagogical value. 
Benzoic acid is a common undergraduate preparation.

Benzoic acid can be purified by recrystallization from water because of its high solubility in hot water and poor solubility in cold water. 
The avoidance of organic solvents for the recrystallization makes this experiment particularly safe. 
This process usually gives a yield of around 65%

Like other nitriles and amides, benzonitrile and benzamide can be hydrolyzed to benzoic acid or its conjugate base in acid or basic conditions.

Bromobenzene can be converted to benzoic acid by "carboxylation" of the intermediate phenylmagnesium bromide.
This synthesis offers a convenient exercise for students to carry out a Grignard reaction, an important class of carbon–carbon bond forming reaction in organic chemistry

Benzyl alcohol and benzyl chloride and virtually all benzyl derivatives are readily oxidized to benzoic acid.

Benzoic acid is mainly consumed in the production of phenol by oxidative decarboxylation at 300−400 °C:

C6H5CO2H + 1/2 O2 → C6H5OH + CO2

The temperature required can be lowered to 200 °C by the addition of catalytic amounts of copper (II) salts. 
The phenol can be converted to cyclohexanol, which is a starting material for nylon synthesis.

Benzoate plasticizers, such as the glycol-, diethyleneglycol-, and triethyleneglycol esters, are obtained by transesterification of methyl benzoate with the corresponding diol.
These plasticizers, which are used similarly to those derived from terephthalic acid ester, represent alternatives to phthalates.

Benzoic acid and its salts are used as a food preservatives, represented by the E numbers E210, E211, E212, and E213. 
Benzoic acid inhibits the growth of mold, yeast and some bacteria. 
Benzoic acid is either added directly or created from reactions with its sodium, potassium, or calcium salt. 
The mechanism starts with the absorption of benzoic acid into the cell. 
If the intracellular pH changes to 5 or lower, the anaerobic fermentation of glucose through phosphofructokinase is decreased by 95%. 
The efficacy of benzoic acid and benzoate is thus dependent on the pH of the food.
Acidic food and beverage like fruit juice (citric acid), sparkling drinks (carbon dioxide), soft drinks (phosphoric acid), pickles (vinegar) or other acidified food are preserved with benzoic acid and benzoates.

Typical levels of use for benzoic acid as a preservative in food are between 0.05 and 0.1%. 
Foods in which benzoic acid may be used and maximum levels for its application are controlled by local food laws.

Concern has been expressed that benzoic acid and its salts may react with ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in some soft drinks, forming small quantities of carcinogenic benzene

Benzoic acid is a constituent of Whitfield's ointment which is used for the treatment of fungal skin diseases such as tinea, ringworm, and athlete's foot.
As the principal component of gum benzoin, benzoic acid is also a major ingredient in both tincture of benzoin and Friar's balsam. 
Such products have a long history of use as topical antiseptics and inhalant decongestants.

Benzoic acid was used as an expectorant, analgesic, and antiseptic in the early 20th century.

Benzoic acid is the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid.
Benzoic acid is used in the production of numerous industrial additives such as the Benzoate plasticizers, Together with several of its salts, are used as food&feed preservatives. 
Benzoic acid’s esters are common fragrances. 
In recent years, Benzoic acid is also found to be effective against piglets’ post-weaning diarrhea when administered as a feed additive.

Benzoic Acid is the ingredient needed in the production of Benzoate and Dibenzoate plasticizers. 
These plasticizers are mainly used in flooring, film, adhesives, and sealants.

Typical Benzoate plasticizers include Isodecyl Benzoate (IDB) and Isononyl Benzoate (INB). 
Common Dibenzoate plasticizers include Dipropylene Glycol Dibenzoate and Neopentylglycol Dibenzoate.

Although Phthalate plasticizers have been the most commonly used plasticizers in past decades, non-Phthalate plasticizers such as the Benzoates have been on the rise in recent years as regulatory bodies around the globe have come to realize the potential danger of Phthalates to human health.

Benzoic acid used as preservatives in food and drinks to prevent the growth of mold, yeast and fungi. In general the salts are preferred over the acid form because they are more soluble in water. The optimal pH for the antimicrobial activity is below pH 6.5 and sorbates are generally used at concentrations of 0.025% to 0.10%. Adding sorbate salts to food will however raise the pH of the food slightly so the pH may need to be adjusted to assure safety.

Benzoic acid appears as a white crystalline solid. 
Slightly soluble in water. 
The primary hazard is the potential for environmental damage if released. 
Immediate steps should be taken to limit spread to the environment.
Used to make other chemicals, as a food preservative, and for other uses.

Benzoic acid is an organic acid first used in foods almost 100 years ago. 
Benzoic acid occurs naturally in prunes, cinnamon, and cloves. 
The free acid form is poorly soluble in water and the sodium salt (sodium benzoate) is often used because of its greater solubility . 
Benzoic acid's antimicrobial activity is primarily against yeasts and molds. 
As mentioned for other organic acids, antimicrobial activity is greatest at low pH. 
The effect results from greater permeability of the unionized form into microorganisms. 
Benzoic acid's most common uses are in carbonated beverages, pickles, sauces, and jelly. 
Non-food applications for benzoic acid's antibacterial function are found in cosmetics. 
Benzoic acid itself has low toxicity, but there has been concern because of a potential reaction that converts it to benzene. 
Although benzene is a toxic and carcinogenic compound, the reaction causing this change has a very low chance of occurring in food. 
Typically, benzene is rapidly converted to hippuric acid in the body and excreted in the urine. 
Parabens are antimicrobial compounds chemically derived from benzoic acid. 
Chemically, parabens are esters made by combining benzoic acid and alcohols such as methanol or propanol. 
Paraben esters have antimicrobial activity against molds and yeasts and are used in beer, soft drinks, and olives. 
Cosmetics and pharmaceuticals represent the largest use of parabens.

Although it’s not the most-dangerous chemical you might find in the workplace, proper handling of benzoic acid is a must to avoid injuries and health risks while on the job.Benzoic acid is a white, crystalline powder with a faint, non-offensive odor. 
Benzoic acid is a compound naturally found in many plants and is an important precursor for the synthesis of many other organic substances.

Benzoic acid is most commonly found in industrial settings to manufacture a wide variety of products such as perfumes, dyes, topical medications and insect repellents.

Benzoic acid’s salt (sodium benzoate) is commonly used as a pH adjustor and preservative in food, preventing the growth of microbes to keep food safe. 
Benzoic acid works by changing the internal pH of microorganisms to an acidic state that is incompatible with their growth and survival.

Benzoic acid is an organic aromatic monocarboxylic acid. 
Benzoic acid can be synthesized by the cobalt or manganese catalyzed atmospheric oxidation of toluene. 
Recently, benzoic acid has been prepared from toluene by employing TiO2 nanotubes electrode.
Benzoic acid reacts with hydrogenating reagents to afford hexahydrobenzoic acid. 
The thermal decomposition of the product in the presence of lime or alkali produces benzene and carbon dioxide

Benzoic acid has been used in the preparation of vials for the HPLC analysis of various polyamines in biological fluids, tissues and isolated/cultured cells.
Benzoic acid may be employed as an intermediate in the synthesis of the following:

paints

pigments

varnish

wetting agents

aroma compounds

benzoyl chloride

benzotrichloride

Benzoic acid may also be used to investigate the mechanism of complex addition reaction of hydroxyl radicals with various aromatic compounds.

Benzoic acid, C6H5COOH, is a colourless crystalline solid and the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid. 
Benzoic acid occurs naturally free and bound as benzoic acid esters in many plant and animal species. 
Appreciable amounts have been found in most berries (around 0.05%). 
Cranberries contain as much as 300-1300 mg free benzoic acid per kg fruit. 
Benzoic acid is a fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative.
Benzoic acid often is conjugated to glycine in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid. 
Benzoic acid is a byproduct of phenylalanine metabolism in bacteria. 
Benzoic acid is also produced when gut bacteria process polyphenols (from ingested fruits or beverages).

Benzoic acid is an organic compound which is described by the chemical formula C6H5COOH. 
Benzoic acid consists of a carboxyl group attached to a benzene ring. 
Therefore, benzoic acid is said to be an aromatic carboxylic acid. 
This compound exists as a crystalline, colorless solid under normal conditions. 
The term ‘benzoate’ refers to the esters and salts of C6H5COOH.

The commercial production of benzoic acid is done via the partial oxidation of toluene with oxygen, catalyzed by manganese or cobalt naphthenates. 
This chemical reaction is illustrated below.

Benzoic acid has a colourless appearance in its solid state, which is of a crystalline nature.
The crystal structure is monoclinic.
The presence of the aromatic ring gives this compound a faintly pleasant odour.
At a temperature of 130oC, the density of this compound reduces to 1.075 grams per cubic centimetre

Benzoic acid is soluble in water, and the solubility at 25oC and 100oC is 3.44 g/L and 56.31 g/L respectively.
Benzoic acid is soluble in benzene, carbon tetrachloride, acetone, and alcohols.
TBenzoic acid dissociation constant (pKa) of benzoic acid corresponds to 4.2
Benzoic acids reactions can occur at the carboxyl group or even at the aromatic ring.

Benzoic acid of phenol involves the use of benzoic acid.
Benzoic acid is used in ointments that prevent or treat fungal skin diseases.
C6H5COOH is used as a preservative in the food industry.
Benzoic acid is an ingredient in many cosmetic products, such as lipsticks.
Benzoic acid is also a precursor to benzoyl chloride.
One of the components of toothpaste, mouthwash, and face wash creams is C6H5
This compound is also used in the manufacture of dyes and in insect repellants.

The primary use of benzoic acid is in the industrial production of the aromatic compound phenol. 
This is done via a process known as oxidative decarboxylation. 
Benzoic acid can be noted that the ideal temperature under which this process can be carried out is in the range of 300 to 400 degrees celsius. 
Also, benzoic acid and its salts are widely used in the food industry as food preservatives.

Benzoic acid is not very soluble in water. 
However, the solubility of this compound in water increases when the temperature is increased (as is the case with most compounds). 
At a temperature of 0 degrees celsius, the solubility of benzoic acid in water corresponds to 1.7 grams per litre. 
When heated to 100 degrees celsius, the solubility of this compound in water increases to 56.31 grams per litre

Industrially, benzoic acid can be prepared by employing oxygen gas for the partial oxidation of toluene. 
Benzoic acid can be noted that this process usually employs manganese or cobalt naphthenate as catalysts. 
This compound can also be prepared via the hydrolysis of benzamide and benzonitrile. 
Benzoic acid can also be prepared by oxidizing benzyl chloride or benzyl alcohol, or any other derivative of the benzyl group.

To learn more about this compound and other aromatic compounds, such as pyridine, register with BYJU’S and download the mobile application on your smartphone.

Benzoic acid and its salts (Na or K salts) is a bacteriostatic antiseptic that is only active in an acidic environment (pH 2.5 to 4.5).
In mammals, benzoic acid is primarily metabolized to its glycine conjugate, hippuric acid, which is readily excreted via the renal organic anion transport system. 
Moreover, benzoic acid is also found as a metabolite of benzyl alcohol (for more information on benzyl alcohol see the dedicated questions and answers document ).
Benzoic acid is mainly used as preservative at levels from 0.01 to 0.2%

Benzoic acid is rarely used as such in medicines whereas its salts (benzoates) are more commonly used. 
Sodium benzoate is found as excipients in some medicinal products administered orally, topically (e.g. antifungals) or injected.
Benzoic acid has a long history of use as an antifungal agent in topical therapeutic preparations such as Whitfield's ointment (benzoic acid 6% and salicylic acid 3%). 
Sodium benzoate is also administered intravenously and orally as an active substance to infants and children for the treatment of hyperammonaemia related to urea cycle disorders. 
However, such uses will not be discussed in this document (not in the scope).

Benzoic Acid is a white (or colorless) solid with the formula C6H5CO2H. 
Benzoic acid is the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid. 
The name is derived from gum benzoin, which was for a long time its only source. 
Benzoic acid occurs naturally in many plants and serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of many secondary metabolites. 
Salts of benzoic acid are used as food preservatives. 
Benzoic acid is an important precursor for the industrial synthesis of many other organic substances.
The salts and esters of benzoic acid are known as benzoates.

Benzoic acid is used in the production of medicine, dye carrier, plasticizer, spice and food preservatives, and is also used to improve the performance of alkyd resin coatings.

CAS NO: 65-85-0
HS CODE: 2916310000
Formula: C7H6O2 
Molecular Weight: 122.12100
Structural Formula: benzenecarboxylic acid

Synonyms:

benzenecarboxylic acid
Acide benzoique
Benzyl acid

Benzoic acid is used in the production of medicine, dye carrier, plasticizer, spice and food preservatives, and is also used to improve the performance of alkyd resin coatings.

Item of inspetion : Index
Shape and property : White crystalline flake
Content% ≥ : 99.5
Melting point ℃ ≤ : 121-123
Readily oxidisable substances ≤ :  Passed test
Heavy metals(Pb)% ≤ : 0.001
Arsenic(AS) mg/kg ≤ : 2
Chloride(CL) ≤ : 0.014
Loss on drying% ≤ : 0.5
Phthalic acid mg/kg ≤ : 100
Biphenyls mg/kg ≤ : 100

Boiling Point: 249.2 ℃, 370 ℃
Flash Point: 250 °F
Water Solubility : 1.7 g/L (0 °C), 2.7 g/L (18 °C), 3.44 g/L (25 °C), 5.51 g/L (40 °C), 21.45 g/L (75 °C), 56.31 g/L (100 °C)Stability: Stable. 
Combustible. 
Incompatible with strong bases, strong oxidizing agents, alkalies.
Storage Condition: The ventilation is dry at low temperature and stored separately from the oxidizing agent

WGK Germany： 1
Safety instructions： S26-S45-S37/39-S24-S22-S36/37-S24/25-S23-S53
UN Number： UN 3077 9/PG 3 
RTECS Number： DG0875000
Dangerous Mark:  Xn
MSDS : TDS

ITEM : LIMIT
APPEARANCE : FREE FLOWING WHITE POWDER
CONTENT    : 99.0% ~ 100.5%
LOSS ON DRYING    : ≤ 1.5%
ACIDITY & ALKALINITY : 0.2 ml
WATER SOLUTION TEST : CLEAR
HEAVY METALS (AS PB) : ≤ 10 PPM
ARSENIC    : ≤ 3 PPM
CHLORIDES : ≤ 200 PPM
SULFATE    : ≤ 0.10%
CARBURET : MEETS THE REQUIREMENT
OXIDE : MEETS THE REQUIREMENT
TOTAL CHLORIDE    : ≤ 300 PPM
COLOUR OF SOLUTION : Y6
PHTHALIC ACID : MEETS THE REQUIREMENT

Benzoic acid, a white, crystalline organic compound belonging to the family of carboxylic acids, widely used as a food preservative and in the manufacture of various cosmetics, dyes, plastics, and insect repellents. 
First described in the 16th century, benzoic acid exists in many plants; it makes up about 20 percent of gum benzoin, a vegetable resin. 
Benzoic acid was first prepared synthetically about 1860 from compounds derived from coal tar.

Benzoic acid is an aromatic alcohol existing naturally in many plants and is a common additive to food, drinks, cosmetics and other products. 
Benzoic acid acts as preservatives through inhibiting both bacteria and fungi.

Benzoic acid is usually used as a drug or preservative, and has the effect of inhibiting the growth of fungi, bacteria and molds. 
When used as medicine, it is usually applied on the skin to treat tinea skin diseases. 
Used in synthetic fiber, resin, coating, rubber, tobacco industry. 
At first, benzoic acid was prepared by retorting benzoin gum or hydrolyzing in alkaline water, or hydrolyzed by hippuric acid. 
In industry, benzoic acid is prepared by oxidation of toluene with air in the presence of cobalt and manganese catalysts, or by hydrolysis and decarboxylation of phthalic anhydride. 
Benzoic acid and its sodium salt can be used as antibacterial agents for latex, toothpaste, jam or other food, and also as mordant for dyeing and printing.

Benzoic acid is an important precursor for the preparation of many other organic substances viz. 
benzoyl chloride, benylbenzoate, phenol, sodium benzoate, benzyl alcohol as well as benzoate plasticizers such as glycol-, diethhyleneglycol- and triethyleneglycol esters. 
Benzoic acid and its salts are used as food preservatives. 
Benzoic acid is involved in rubber polymerization as an activator and a retardant. 
Benzoic acid is the main component of benzoin resin and is a constituent of Whitfield’s ointment, which is used for the treatment of fungal skin diseases such as tinea, ringworm and athlete’s foot. 
Benzoic acid is widely used in cosmetics, dyes, plastics and insect repellents

Benzoic acid is the chemical benzenecarboxylic acid (C7H6O2), occurring in nature in free and combined forms. 
Among the foods in which benzoic acid occurs naturally are cranberries, prunes, plums, cinnamon, ripe cloves, and most berries. 
Benzoic acid is manufactured by treating molten phthalic anhydride with steam in the presence of a zinc oxide catalyst, by the hydrolysis of benzotrichloride, or by the oxidation of toluene with nitric acid or sodium bichromate or with air in the presence of a transition metal salt catalyst.

Benzoic acid is used for microbial degradation in foods.
The most appreciated fruit juice, fruit juice, fruit juice, carbonated, pickles, ketchup and similar products.
Benzoic acid velar is used as acid and weakly acid supporting additives and is an important precursor to most organic gourds.
90% of commercially available benzoic acids are converted directly to phenol and caprolactam.
In cosmetics, benzoic acid is also found in the ingredients of shampoos, perfumes, shaving products, hair sprays and hair dyes.
They participate in the foreground of users who come to yourselves in car antifreezes.
Benzoic acid is included in tobacco spraying and other lethal drug ingredients.
Benzoic acid is used as a standard reference in analytical chemistry laboratories.
Merda is used for cork in Whitfield shaped leather.

Benzoic acid is the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid.
Benzoic acid is used in the production of numerous industrial additives such as the Benzoate plasticizers, Together with several of its salts, are used as food&feed preservatives. 
Benzoic acid’s esters are common fragrances. 
In recent years, Benzoic acid is also found to be effective against piglets’ post-weaning diarrhea when administered as a feed additive.

Benzoic Acid is found naturally in many foods such as apples, apricots, snap beans, cranberries and cinnamon leaf/bark.  
Benzoic acids name comes from gum benzoin which was a long-time source of the material, however today it is most often commercially available in synthetic forms processed from toluene as a product/byproduct of petrochemical processing.   

Benzoic acid is used as a pH adjuster and food preservative.  
Benzoic acid, it serves to inhibit the growth of mold and also helps prevent the growth of microbes in our products to keep them safe for our consumers. 
Benzoic acid functions by changing the internal pH of microorganisms to an acidic state that is incompatible with their growth and survival.

Our Stewardship Model guides us to select ingredients which have been processed in a manner that supports our philosophy of human and environmental health.

Benzoic acid is typically synthetic and is produced commercially by partial oxidation of toluene from petrochemical processing.

In both cases, benzoic acid is naturally present in these source materials and can be extracted, concentrated and purified.

The preservative ingredient used in some of our formulations is benzoic acid. 
This is a naturally occurring compound found in many fruits including cherries, cranberries and raspberries. 
At the level used in cosmetics (or food), the benzoic acid and its salts are totally safe and has no adverse health implications.

Benzoic acid is not the same as Benzene. 
Benzene or Benzol is the aromatic ring-molecule that is at the base of thousands and thousands of organic molecules. 
This includes benzoic acid, all human steroids etc. etc. etc. 
Pure, isolated Benzene itself is a highly volatile and hazardous liquid. 
However, when Benzene is incorporated into more complex molecules it generally loses its reactivity and does not have the same harmful properties. 
Benzene forms part of many fragrance molecules including those found in many essential oils.

Therefore, whilst Benzoic acid contains benzene as part of its molecule, it does not have any of the adverse effects associated with this reactive gas.

 
Benzoic acid is a solid, white crystalline substance that is chemically classified as an aromatic carboxylic acid. 
Benzoic acids molecular formula may be written as C7H6O2. 
Benzoic acids chemical properties are based on the fact that each molecule consists of an acidic carboxyl group attached to an aromatic ring structure. 
The carboxyl group can undergo reactions to form products such as salts, esters, and acid halides. 
The aromatic ring can undergo reactions such as sulfonation, nitration and halogenation.

Among aromatic carboxylic acids, benzoic acid has the simplest molecular structure, in which a single carboxyl group (COOH) is directly attached to a carbon atom of a benzene ring. 
The benzene molecule (molecular formula C6H6) is made up of an aromatic ring of six carbon atoms, with a hydrogen atom attached to each carbon atom. 
In the benzoic acid molecule, the COOH group replaces one of the H atoms on the aromatic ring. 
To indicate this structure, the molecular formula of benzoic acid (C7H6O2) is often written as C6H5COOH.

The chemical properties of benzoic acid are based on this molecular structure. 
In particular, the reactions of benzoic acid can involve modifications of the carboxyl group or the aromatic ring.

The acidic portion of benzoic acid is the carboxyl group, and it reacts with a base to form a salt. 
For example, it reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to produce sodium benzoate, an ionic compound (C6H5COO- Na+). 
Both benzoic acid and sodium benzoate are used as food preservatives.

Benzoic acid reacts with alcohols to produce esters. 
For example, with ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH), benzoic acid forms ethyl benzoate, an ester (C6H5CO-O-C2H5). 
Some esters of benzoic acid are plasticizers.

With phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5) or thionyl chloride (SOCl2), benzoic acid reacts to form benzoyl chloride (C6H5COCl), which is classified as an acid (or acyl) halide. 
Benzoyl chloride is highly reactive and is used to form other products. 
For example, it reacts with ammonia (NH3) or an amine (such as methylamine, CH3-NH2) to form an amide (benzamide, C6H5CONH2).

Reaction of benzoic acid with fuming sulfuric acid (H2SO4) leads to sulfonation of the aromatic ring, in which the functional group SO3H replaces a hydrogen atom on the aromatic ring. 
The product is mostly meta-sulfobenzoic acid (SO3H-C6H4-COOH). 
The prefix "meta" indicates that the functional group is attached to the third carbon atom relative to the point of attachment of the carboxyl group.

Benzoic acid reacts with concentrated nitric acid (HNO3), in the presence of sulfuric acid as catalyst, leading to nitration of the ring. 
The initial product is mostly meta-nitrobenzoic acid (NO2-C6H4-COOH), in which the functional group NO2 is attached to the ring at the meta position relative to the carboxyl group

In the presence of a catalyst such as ferric chloride (FeCl3), benzoic acid reacts with a halogen such as chlorine (Cl2) to form a halogenated molecule such as meta-chlorobenzoic acid (Cl-C6H4-COOH). 
In this case, a chlorine atom is attached to the ring at the meta position relative to the carboxyl group.

When we buy pickles or juice from the store, why do you think these items last very long without going bad? 
When we buy personal care products like lipstick or powder, which ingredient helps to make these products last very long? 
The answer to both questions is that these products contain benzoic acid, which acts as a preservative.

What exactly is benzoic acid and what does it look like? Benzoic acid is a solid that is crystalline in appearance, similar to white needles. 
A natural source of benzoic acid is gum benzoin, which comes from certain tree barks; however, benzoic acid can also be made by synthetic means.

The chemical formula of benzoic acid is C7H6O2: 
it has seven carbon (C) atoms, six hydrogen (H) atoms and two oxygen (O) atoms. 
This chemical formula can also be written as C6H5COOH. 
The chemical structure of carboxylic acid is shown here. 
On the left, we see that all the carbon and hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring are drawn out, and on the right, we see the shorthand way to draw a benzene ring (in blue).

Benzoic acid is an organic compound because it contains carbon, and it is also an aromatic carboxylic acid.
Benzoic acid is aromatic because it has a benzene ring in its chemical structure. 
Benzene is aromatic because it has alternating double bonds between each carbon. 
Benzoic acid's classified as a carboxylic acid because it has a carboxyl group in its structure, which is the COOH group boxed in red.

Benzoic acid is very useful in the food industry, personal care industry and in medicine as well. 
First, let's talk about its use as a preservative. 
Preservatives are very important; 
they make products last longer, and they help eliminate harmful yeast and bacteria. 
Benzoic acid is an ingredient in cosmetic products, dyes and insect repellents. 
Because of benzoic acid's anti-fungal nature, Benzoic acid acts as a preservative in these products by inhibiting the growth of mold, yeast, and bacteria. 
Benzoic acid is present in various products, including sauces, jams, jellies and candied fruits. 
In personal care products, Benzoic acid's found in mouthwash, toothpaste, powder, lipstick and facial cleanser.

Benzoic acid is a white, crystalline acid used in preserving food, as a cosmetic, and in medicine.
Benzoic acid consists of a benzene ring with a carboxyl group (COOH) attached. 
Benzoic acid occurs naturally in many plants and it serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of many secondary metabolites. 
Salts of benzoic acid are used as food preservatives and benzoic acid is an important precursor for the industrial synthesis of many other organic substances.

Benzoic acid is a byproduct of phenylalanine metabolism in bacteria. 
Benzoic acid is also produced when gut bacteria process polyphenols, from ingested fruits or beverages. 
The formula for benzoic acid is: C7H6O2 or C6H5COOH. 
Benzoic acid was discovered in the sixteenth century. 
The dry distillation of gum benzoin was first described by Nostradamus (1556), and then by Alexius Pedemontanus (1560) and Blaise de Vigenère (1596). 
Benzoic acid is also one of the chemical compounds found in castoreum. This compound is gathered from the castor sacs of the North American beaver.

Benzoic acid is commercially manufactured by the chemical reaction of toluene (a hydrocarbon obtained from petroleum) with oxygen at temperatures around 200° C (about 400° F) in the presence of cobalt and manganese salts as catalysts. 
Pure benzoic acid melts at 122° C (252° F) and is very slightly soluble in water.

 
Benzoic acid is a solid that is crystalline in appearance, similar to white needles. 
A natural source of benzoic acid is gum benzoin, which comes from certain tree barks; however, benzoic acid can also be made by synthetic means. 
The chemical formula of benzoic acid is C7H6O2: 
Benzoic acid has seven carbon (C) atoms, six hydrogen (H) atoms and two oxygen (O) atoms. 
This chemical formula can also be written as C6H5COOH. 
The chemical structure of carboxylic acid is shown here. 
On the left, we see that all the carbon and hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring are drawn out, and on the right, we see the shorthand way to draw a benzene ring (in blue).

The process for the production of benzoic acid by the liquid phase oxidation of toluene with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a heavy metal oxidation catalyst wherein benzoic acid and benzaledehyde are separated from a process residue that comprises benzoic acid, benzyl banzoate, reaction by-products having boiling points higher than the boiling point of benzaldehyde, and spent catalyst.

A benzyl benzoate-rich fraction is separated from the spent catalyst and high-boiling reaction by-products in the process residue;
The benzyl benzoate-rich fraction is contacted with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of an oxidation catalyst at 130°-200° C./1-10 atmospheres until 25% to 60% of the benzyl benzoate has been oxidized to benzoic acid, and
Benzoic acid is recovered from the oxidation product mixture.

Benzoic acid is very useful in the food industry, personal care industry and in medicine as well. 
Benzoic acid inhibits the growth of mold, yeast and some bacteria. 
Benzoic acid is either added directly or created from reactions with its sodium, potassium, or calcium salt. 
The mechanism starts with the absorption of benzoic acid into the cell.

Benzoic acid is an ingredient in cosmetic products, dyes and insect repellents. 
Because of benzoic acid’s anti-fungal nature, it acts as a preservative in these products by inhibiting the growth of mold, yeast, and bacteria. 
Benzoic acid is present in various products, including sauces, jams, jellies and candied fruits. 
In personal care products, it’s found in mouthwash, toothpaste, powder, lipstick and facial cleanser.

Benzoic acid is a precursor to benzoyl chloride, C6H5C(O)Cl by treatment with thionyl chloride, phosgene or one of the chlorides of phosphorus. 
Benzoyl chloride is an important starting material for several benzoic acid derivates like benzyl benzoate, which is used in artificial flavours and insect repellents.

Benzoic acid is used as a food preservative. 
Benzoic acid inhibits the growth of yeast, mold, and other bacteria. 
Acidic food and fruit juices, sparkling drinks, and pickles are preserved with benzoic acid. 
Benzoic acid is also used as a preservative in cosmetics.

Benzoic Acid is found naturally in many foods such as apples, apricots, snap beans, cranberries and cinnamon leaf/bark.  
Benzoic acids name comes from gum benzoin which was a long-time source of the material, however today it is most often commercially available in synthetic forms processed from toluene as a product/byproduct of petrochemical processing.

Benzoic acid is used as a pH adjuster and food preservative.  
Benzoic acid products, it serves to inhibit the growth of mold and also helps prevent the growth of microbes in our products to keep them safe for our consumers. 
Benzoic acid functions by changing the internal pH of microorganisms to an acidic state that is incompatible with their growth and survival.

Benzoic acid is a chemical involved in the simplest aromatic carboxylic acidity.
Benzoic acid is found in free form in nature.

Benzoic acid binds to plants and animals as an ester type.
Benzoic acid is described as a carboxylic acid structurally bound to Benzene.

An important part of organic matter is used as a supplement.

Salts and esters of this chemical are called benzoates.

Benzoic Acid system toluene chemical is used as the basis.
Toluene's manganese or cobalt naphthanets can be easily made by application development.

This is Chemical cleaner;

C7H8 +O2 – (H2O) 》C7H6O2

Benzoic acid has a white crystalline liquid.
The smell is almost nonexistent.
Or it has an odor similar to that of benzaldehyde.

Benzoic acid has a bitter taste.

Benzoic acids melting point is 122.4 °C.

Benzoic acids boiling point is 249 °C.

Benzoic Acid is very low in water.
Benzoic acid is approximately 0.29 g/100 mlt water at 20 °C.
Benzoic acid is curable in ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol and acetone.

Benzoic acids density is 1.3 g/cm3.

Benzoic acid is used in the production of phenol and caprolactam.
Benzoic acid acts as polymerization activator and retarder of rubbers.
With its use in rubber production, it provides the rubber with a very good feature in terms of cutting resistance and chipping resistance.
In this way, it is used to prevent rubber crumbling and to contribute to rubber cutting.
Benzoic acid is the intermediate used in the production of Sodium Benzoate and Potassium Benzoate.
Benzoic acid is used as a food preservative in juices and oils.
Benzoic acid is used as an ultraviolet light absorber in plastics.
Benzoic acid is used as a preservative by being modified with sorbic acid or its salts while producing wet wipes with antimicrobial properties.

Benzoic acid is used to create temporary blockage in downhole drilling in underground sources.
A disease called beriberi occurs in tools and in the feet of some people.
This discomfort occurs in the presence of certain bacteria.
In order to prevent the formation of such bacteria, Salicylic Acid and benzoic acid are used together with some active substances.
Benzoic acid has long been used as a food preservative.
Sodium salt is used in this field.
This is due to the high solubility of sodium salt.
Benzoic acid is used to prevent fruits or juices such as pineapple from experiencing black rot.
Before use, it should be mixed with some ethyl alcohol and hot water.
The reason for this is to increase the resolution.
The t-butyl form is used as a corrosion inhibitor in the cooling fluids used in vehicle engines.

Salts of benzoic acid are called Benzoates.

Benzoic acid is a white flake and crystalline solid and sparingly soluble in water.
Benzoic acid is also a rubber polymerization activator substance.
Benzoic acid is an important precursor for the synthesis of organic substances.
Benzoic acid is the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid that is in a solid form.
Benzoic acid occurs naturally in many plants.
Benzoic acid takes place as an intermediate in the synthesis of many metabolites.
Benzoic acid is widely used in cosmetics, automotive and textile fields, especially in the food sector.
Benzoic acid is also used in pesticides and pesticides due to its chemical protective effect.
 

 

IUPAC NAME : 

benzene carboxylic acid

Benzenecarboxylic acid

Benzoesäure

BENZOIC ACID

Benzoic Acid

Benzoic acid

SYNONYMS:

200-618-2 
636131 
65-85-0 
Acide benzoique 
Acide benzoïque 
Acido benzoico
Acidum benzoicum 
Alcohol bencílico 
Benzenecarboxylic acid
benzeneformic acid