BENZOPHENONE-1

Benzophenone-1 is used as a photo initiator in UV hardening applications (such as inks and coatings in the printing industry)
Benzophenone-1 is used in the formulation of enamels and nail polish.
Benzophenone-1 is used as a UV absorber to protect cosmetics and personal care products from deterioration by absorbing, reflecting, or scattering UV rays. 

CAS Number: 131-56-6
EC Number: 205-029-4
Molecular Formula: C13H10O3
Molecular Weight: 214.22 g/mol

SYNONYMS:
2,4-Dihydroxybenzophenone, BP-1, UV-0, Benzoresorcinol, 2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl phenyl methanone, 4-Benzoylresorcinol, 2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl phenyl ketone, 2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl phenylmethanone, 2,4-Dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,4-Dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,4-DIHYDROXYBENZOPHENONE, 131-56-6, Benzophenone-1, Benzoresorcinol, (2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)(phenyl)methanone, Resbenzophenone, Inhibitor DHBP, Uvinul 400, Methanone, (2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)phenyl-, Advastab 48, Uvistat 12, Uvinol 400, Quinsorb 010, Syntase 100, 4-Benzoyl resorcinol, Dastib 263, Eastman Inhibitor DHPB, 4-Benzoylresorcinol, Benzophenone, 2,4-dihydroxy-, USAF DO-28, USAF ND-54, UV 12, benzophenone 1, 2,4-Dihydroxybenzofenon, UF 1, (2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-phenyl-methanone, 2,4-Dihydroxybenzofenon [Czech], (2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)phenylmethanone, NSC 38555, DTXSID8022406, HSDB 5617, EINECS 205-029-4, (2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-phenylmethanone, UNII-LJ54R4Z029, BRN 1311566, 2,4-DHB, Eastman inhibitor DHBP, MFCD00002277, NSC-38555, 2,4-dihydroxy benzophenone, BENZORESORCINOL [MI], MLS000774789, DTXCID402406, [2,4-bis(oxidanyl)phenyl]-phenyl-methanone, CHEBI:34240, EC 205-029-4, LJ54R4Z029, 4-08-00-02442 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), HHB, 2,4-DIHYDROXYBENZOPHENONE [HSDB], SMR000365551, Benzophenone,4-dihydroxy-, WLN: QR CQ DVR, 2,4 inverted exclamation marka-Dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,4-Dihydroxybenzofenon (Czech), Methanone,4-dihydroxyphenyl)phenyl-, DHBP cpd, CAS-131-56-6, (2,4-Dihydroxy-phenyl)-phenyl-methanone, 4-benzoylbenzene-1,3-diol, Benzophenone1, CUT, 4Benzoyl Resorcinol, (2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)phenyl-methanon, 2,4Dihydroxybenzofenon, 2,4dihydroxybenzophenone, Enamine_001926, OXYBENZONE_met023, 4,6-Dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,4-dihydroxy-benzophenone, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophe none, Benzophenone, 2,4dihydroxy, cid_8572, CHEMBL1392, 2,4-dihydroxybenzo- phenone, Oprea1_840620, SCHEMBL39681, hsp90_163, BIDD:ER0039, BENZOPHENONE-1 [INCI], UV-0, BDBM51223, MSK3447, NSC5358, 2,4-Dihydroxybenzophenone, 99%, HMS1399H12, HMS2771P10, BCP25883, NSC-5358, NSC38555, Tox21_201285, Tox21_302865, BBL013153, STL163951, AKOS001019876, Methanone, (2,4dihydroxyphenyl)phenyl, 1ST3447, CS-W014939, FD40440, HY-W014223, NCGC00246026-01, NCGC00246026-02, NCGC00256606-01, NCGC00258837-01, 92092-63-2, AC-11241, DS-15473, MSK3447-1000, D0573, NS00001568, EN300-16886, 1ST3447-1000, AE-641/01968047, Q209209, SR-01000388910, SR-01000388910-1, Benzoresorcinol;(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)phenyl-methanone, Z56812729, 2,4-Dihydroxybenzophenone Solution in Acetonitrile, 1000?g/mL, 2,4-Dihydroxybenzophenone Solution in Acetonitrile, 1000mug/mL, DHB, 2,4-Dihydroxybenzophenone, BP-1, UV-0, Benzophenone-1, Benzoresorcinol, Resbenzophenone, 4-benzoylresorcinol, Ultraviolet absorber UV-0, 2,4-Dihydroxybenzophenone, Ultraviolet absorbent UV-0, 2,4-Dihydroxy Benzophenone, (2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)phenyl-methanone, 2,4-Dihydroxybenzophenone(Benzophenone-1), aduvex 12, advastab 48, benzophenone, 2,4-dihydroxy-, 4- benzoyl resorcinol, 4- benzoylresorcinol, dastib 263, 2,4- dihydroxy benzophenone, 2,4- dihydroxy-benzophenone, (2,4- dihydroxy-phenyl)-phenyl-methanone, 2,4- dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,4- dihydroxyphenyl phenyl ketone, (2,4- dihydroxyphenyl)(phenyl)methanone, (2,4- dihydroxyphenyl)phenylmethanone, eastman Inhibitor DHPB, inhibitor DHBP, methanone, (2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)phenyl-, quinsorb 010, seesorb 100, sumisorb 100, syntase 100, ultrafast 800, uvinol 400, uvinul 400, uvistat 12, viosorb 100, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone

Benzophenone-1, also known as 2,4-Dihydroxybenzophenone, is an organic compound commonly used as a UV light absorber in various products. 
Benzophenone-1 is part of a larger class of chemicals known as benzophenones, which are characterized by their ability to absorb UV radiation, helping to protect skin and products from the damaging effects of sun exposure. 

Benzophenone-1 is a synthetic compound used primarily in cosmetics and personal care products as a UV filter and stabilizer.
Benzophenone-1 is responsible for stabilizing formulations by preventing degradation of other ingredients, in turn, maintaining the product’s efficacy and extending their shelf life. 

In its raw form, Benzophenone-1 typically appears as a white to pale yellow crystalline powder with a sweet odor. 
The chemical formula of Benzophenone-1 is C13H10O.
Benzophenone-1 is a benzene-based UV absorber.

Benzophenone-1 is a member of benzophenones.
Benzophenone-1 is a benzene-based UV Absorber. 
Benzophenone-1 is an excellent UVB protector, and it also has a certain UVA blocking ability. 

Benzophenone-1 is currently one of the best UV absorbers in the UVA band. 
Compared with UV1789 (Avobenzone), Benzophenone-1 has better light stability. 
For high ultraviolet absorption efficiency, Benzophenone-1 is often used as an auxiliary ingredient to be added to sunscreen products. 

Benzophenone-1  can be added as a sunscreen to products with sunscreen function.
Benzophenone-1 is a white or light yellow powder compound made from 2-hydroxybenzophenone. 
Benzophenone-1 is a synthetic substance produced from 2-hydroxybenzophenone. 

Benzophenone-1 is in the form of a light powder, soluble in water and alcohol. 
Benzophenone-1 functions as a UV absorber, protects cosmetic products from damage and extends their shelf life. 
Benzophenone-1 has an acidic pH, which must be neutralized with sodium hydroxide or triethanolamine before being added to cosmetics. 

Benzophenone-1 can be found in sunscreen cosmetics, nail polishes, makeup, hair products, skin care and lip balms.
Benzophenone-1 serves as an ultraviolet (UV) stabilizer, helping to prevent the nail polish from changing color or degrading when exposed to UV light, such as sunlight or artificial UV sources.

Benzophenone-1 is an essential component in nail polish to maintain the color integrity of the polish. 
Benzophenone-1 acts as a protective shield against the potentially damaging effects of UV light, ensuring that your manicure retains its vibrant appearance.

With the inclusion of benzophenone-1, this nail polish not only offers stunning colors but also provides UV protection, keeping your nails looking vibrant and beautiful even in sunlight.
Benzophenone-1 is a common ingredient in nail polish formulations. 

USES and APPLICATIONS of BENZOPHENONE-1:
Occurrence in cosmetics: Benzophenone-1 is used as a UV absorber for the protection of eg fragrances, colourants and light-sensitive ingredients in products such as perfumes and soaps and for the protection of plastics packaging against UV radiation
Occurrence in other products: Benzophenone-1 is used as a photo initiator in UV hardening applications (such as inks and coatings in the printing industry)

Benzophenone-1 is mainly used in plastic as a light stabilizer, can effectively protect the organic glass and cloth, to prevent information and other deterioration due to light, also used as an intermediate for the synthesis of other UV absorbers.
Commercial use of Benzophenone-1: Tanning products, Nail polishes, Hair cosmetics, Make-ups, and Lip balms.

Benzophenone-1 is used in the formulation of enamels and nail polish.
Benzophenone-1 is used as a UV absorber to protect cosmetics and personal care products from deterioration by absorbing, reflecting, or scattering UV rays. 

In cosmetics and personal care products, Benzophenone-1 is used mostly in the formulation of nail polishes and enamels, but can also be used in bath products, makeup products, hair products, and skin care products.

USES AND BENEFITS OF BENZOPHENONE-1:
Benzophenone-1 is primarily used for its ultraviolet (UV) absorbing properties:

*UV Stabilizer: 
Benzophenone-1 is incorporated into plastics, coatings, and adhesives to prevent UV-induced degradation, thereby extending the lifespan of these materials.

*Photostabilizer in Cosmetics: 
Benzophenone-1 is used in products like nail polishes and hair sprays to protect colors and fragrances from UV light, maintaining product integrity.

*Sunscreen Agent: 
Although less common now, Benzophenone-1 has been used in sunscreen formulations to protect the skin from harmful UV radiation.

*Photoinitiator: 
Benzophenone-1 is employed in photopolymerization processes, such as UV-curable inks and coatings, to initiate polymerization upon exposure to UV light.

USES AND SYNTHESIS METHODS OF BENZOPHENONE-1:
Ultraviolet absorber is a light stabilizer, which can absorb the ultraviolet part of sunlight and fluorescent light source without changing itself. 
Plastics and other polymer materials under sunlight and fluorescence, due to the action of ultraviolet rays, produce an automatic oxidation reaction, which leads to the degradation of the polymer and the deterioration of the appearance and mechanical properties. 

After adding the ultraviolet absorber, the high-energy ultraviolet rays can be selectively absorbed, so that it becomes harmless energy and is released or consumed. 
Due to the different types of polymers, the ultraviolet wavelengths that deteriorate are also different. 

Different ultraviolet absorbers can absorb ultraviolet rays of different wavelengths. 
When using, ultraviolet absorbers should be selected according to the types of polymers.

The ultraviolet absorber should meet the following conditions: 
①It can strongly absorb ultraviolet rays (especially the wavelength is 290-400nm); 
②It has good thermal stability, will not change due to heat even during processing, and has low thermal volatility; 
③Good chemical stability, no adverse reaction with the material components in the product; 
④Good miscibility, can be evenly dispersed in the material, no frost, no exudation; 
⑤ The absorbent itself has good photochemical stability, does not de compose, and does not change color; 
⑥ Colorless, non-toxic, and odorless; 
⑦ resistant to immersion; 
⑧ Cheap and easy to obtain; 
⑨ Insoluble or insoluble in water.
Ultraviolet absorbers are used in plastics, coatings, dyes, car windshields, cosmetics, medicines, sunscreens, etc.

WHAT IS BENZOPHENONE-1 USED FOR?
Benzophenone-1 is an effective UV filter and stabilizer. Its primary function is to absorb harmful ultraviolet radiation, protecting the skin from sunburn and photoaging. 
Benzophenone-1 is commonly found in sunscreens, moisturizers, and makeup products such as foundations and powders, enhancing their stability against UV-induced degradation. 

Additionally, Benzophenone-1 helps maintain the integrity of fragrances and colorants, preventing them from breaking down in sunlight. 
Its lightweight nature makes Benzophenone-1 suitable for a variety of formulations, ensuring effective sun protection while contributing to the overall performance of cosmetic products.

ORIGIN OF BENZOPHENONE-1:
Benzophenone-1 is synthesized through a Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction, where benzoyl chloride reacts with phenol in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst, typically aluminum chloride. 

This reaction forms a benzophenone structure by introducing a carbonyl group to the phenolic ring. 
The resulting product is then purified through recrystallization or distillation to obtain high-purity Benzophenone-1.

WHAT DOES BENZOPHENONE-1 DO IN A FORMULATION?
Skin protecting
Stabilising
Uv absorber

SAFETY PROFILE OF BENZOPHENONE-1:
Safety profilBenzophenone-1 is generally considered non-toxic for cosmetic use when applied at recommended concentrations - ranging from 0.5% to 10%. 
However, patch tests must be performed before use. 

ALTERNATIVES OF BENZOPHENONE-1:
*OCTOCRYLENE, 
*BUTYL METHOXYDIBENZOYLMETHANE, 
*ZINC OXIDE

FUNCTIONS OF BENZOPHENONE-1 IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
*FRAGRANCE FUNCTIONAL
Functional ingredient (excipient) of perfume oils and / or flavours

*LIGHT STABILIZER
Protecting the cosmetic product from deterioration effects of light

*UV ABSORBER
Benzophenone-1 protects the cosmetic product from damage caused by UV light

FUNCTIONS OF BENZOPHENONE-1:
*Stabilising : 
Benzophenone-1 improves ingredients or stability of the formula and shelf life

*Uv absorber : 
Benzophenone-1 protects the cosmetic product from UV-light effects

BENZOPHENONE-1 IS PRESENT:
Benzophenone-1 is present in 0.77% of cosmetics;
*Nail polish (42.05%)
*Top coat (21.6%)
*Varnish base (17.15%)
*Nail care and treatments (14.97%)
*Nail polish remover (5.47%)

CHARACTERISTICS OF BENZOPHENONE-1:
*UV Absorption: 
Effectively absorbs UV radiation, particularly in the UV-B region, making Benzophenone-1 valuable in protecting materials and products from UV damage.

*Chemical Stability: 
Benzophenone-1 exhibits good stability under UV exposure, ensuring long-term effectiveness in applications.

*Compatibility: 
Benzophenone-1 is compatible with various polymers and cosmetic ingredients, allowing for versatile application across different industries.
These properties make Benzophenone-1 a valuable additive in industries requiring UV protection, enhancing the durability and stability of products exposed to sunlight or other UV sources.

BENZOPHENONE-1 BELONGS:
Benzophenone-1 belongs to the following substance groups;
*Perfume / Fragrances
*Stabilisers
*Sunscreens / UV filters

WHY ARE WE TALKING ABOUT BENZOPHENONE-1?
Benzophenone-1 and benzophenone-2 are suspected of being endocrine disruptors. 
They are also suspected of polluting surface waters and of endangering aquatic organisms.

The facts: 
According to in vitro studies, benzophenone-1 and benzophenone-2 could have some effects on oestrogens and androgens. 
Benzophenone-2 is also believed to have effects on the thyroid axis. However, in vivo data are insufficient to confirm or refute their endocrine disrupting activity. 

New evaluations are underway. 
A balanced scientific assessment should not only be based on the in vitro evidence of an ebndocrine activity, but should rather also consider potency and human exposure under cosmetic use conditions.

It should be mentioned, that sufficiently sensitive in vitro assays have identified endocrine activity of e. g. soybean ingredients (isoflavones), whereas scientific and regulatory experts have not expressed safety concerns with regard to ingestion of soybean based food.

Key points to take away: 
These substances are rarely, if ever, used in cosmetics. 

Further studies are needed for a scientifically sound assessment of a possible endocrine disrupting potential of benzophenone-1 and benzophenone-2. 

With regard to environmental effects, benzophenone-1 is biodegradable and accumulates only insignificantly in aquatic organisms. 
No environmental data are available for benzophenone-2.

WHAT IS IT?
Benzophenone-1, -3, -4, -5, -9 and-11 are compounds made from 2-hydroxybenzophenone. 
These compounds are powders. 
In cosmetics and personal care products, Benzophenone-1 and Benzophenone-3 are used mostly in the formulation of nail polishes and enamels. 
These Benzophenone ingredients are also used in bath products, makeup products, hair products, sunscreens and skin care products.

WHY IS IT USED?
Benzophenone-1, Benzophenone-3, Benzophenone-4, Benzophenone-5, Benzophenone-9 and Benzophenone-11 protect cosmetics and personal care products from deterioration by absorbing, reflecting, or scattering UV rays. 
When used as sunscreen ingredients, Benzophenone-3 and Benzophenone-4 protect the skin from UV rays.

SCIENTIFIC FACTS:
Benzophenone ingredients absorb and dissipate UV radiation, which serves to protect cosmetics and personal care products. 
As part of sunscreen products, which are OTC drugs in the United States, Benzophenone-3 (Oxybenzone) and Benzophenone-4 (Sulisobenzone) protect the skin from the harmful effects of the sun.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BENZOPHENONE-1:
CAS Number: 131-56-6
EC Number: 205-029-4
Molecular Formula: C13H10O3
Molecular Weight: 214.22 g/mol
Appearance: Light yellow crystalline powder
Melting Point: 144-147 °C
Boiling Point: Not available
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water; soluble in organic solvents like ethanol and acetone
Boiling Point: 305.4°C
Melting Point: 48.5°C

Solubility: Sparingly soluble in water; soluble in organic solvents
Viscosity: Low
Molecular Weight: 214.22 g/mol
XLogP3: 3.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 214.062994177 Da
Monoisotopic Mass: 214.062994177 Da

Topological Polar Surface Area: 57.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 16
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 246
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1

Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Physical State: Crystalline
Color: Light yellow
Odor: Odorless
Melting Point/Freezing Point: Melting point/range: 144.5 - 147 °C - lit.
Initial Boiling Point and Boiling Range: 194 °C at 1.33 hPa
Flammability (Solid, Gas): No data available
Upper/Lower Flammability or Explosive Limits: No data available
Flash Point: 125 °C - open cup
Autoignition Temperature: ca. 449 °C at 1.013,25 hPa

Decomposition Temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity: Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water Solubility: No data available
Partition Coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor Pressure: No data available

Density: 1.32 g/cm³ at 20 °C
Relative Density: No data available
Relative Vapor Density: No data available
Particle Characteristics: No data available
Explosive Properties: No data available
Oxidizing Properties: None
Other Safety Information: No data available
CAS: 131-56-6

EINECS: 205-029-4
InChI: InChI=1/C13H10O3/c14-10-6-7-11(12(15)8-10)13(16)9-4-2-1-3-5-9/h1-8,14-15H
InChIKey: ZXDDPOHVAMWLBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula: C13H10O3
Molar Mass: 214.22
Density: 1.302 g/cm³
Melting Point: 142-147℃
Boiling Point: 409°C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 215.3°C
Water Solubility: Insoluble

Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol, ether, 
glacial acetic acid, slightly soluble in cold benzene, 
soluble in methanol, isopropanol, acetone and ethyl acetate.
Vapor Pressure: 2.84E-07 mmHg at 25°C
Appearance: Form Crystalline Powder, color Yellow
pKa: 7.72±0.35 (Predicted)
pH: 5 (10g/l, H2O, 20℃) (slurry)
Storage Condition: Store below +30°C.
Refractive Index: 1.647
MDL: MFCD00002277

Melting point 142-147°C
Boiling Point: 194°C (1 mmHg)
Flash Point: 125°C
Water-Soluble: Insoluble
Appearance: White to pale yellow powder (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 144.00 °C @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 408.99 °C @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Flash Point: 420.00 °F TCC (215.30 °C) (est)
logP (o/w): 3.152 (est)
Soluble in: Water, 413.4 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)

FIRST AID MEASURES of BENZOPHENONE-1:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation: 
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact: 
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. 
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact: 
Rinse out with plenty of water. 
Call in ophthalmologist. 
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing: 
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most). 
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of BENZOPHENONE-1:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains. 
Collect, bind, and pump off spills. 
Observe possible material restrictions. 
Take up dry. 
Dispose of properly. 
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of BENZOPHENONE-1:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) 
Foam 
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of BENZOPHENONE-1:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection. 
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A 
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of BENZOPHENONE-1:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed. 
Dry.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of BENZOPHENONE-1:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available