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EC / List no.: 201-245-8
CAS no.: 80-05-7
Mol. formula: C15H16O2
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical compound primarily used in the manufacturing of various plastics.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a colourless solid which is soluble in most common organic solvents, but has very poor solubility in water.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is produced on an industrial scale by the condensation of phenol and acetone, and has a global production scale which is expected to reach 10 million tonnes in 2022.
BPA's largest single application is as a co-monomer in the production of polycarbonates, which accounts for 65-70% of all Bisphenol A (BPA) production.
The manufacturing of epoxy resins and vinyl ester resins account for 25-30% of Bisphenol A (BPA) use.
The remaining 5% is used as a major component of several high-performance plastics, and as a minor additive in PVC, polyurethane, thermal paper, and several other materials.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is not a plasticizer, although it is often wrongly labelled as such.
The health effects of Bisphenol A (BPA) have been the subject of prolonged public and scientific debate.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a xenoestrogen, exhibiting hormone-like properties that mimic the effects of estrogen in the body.
Although the effect is very weak, the pervasiveness of BPA-containing materials raises concerns, as exposure is effectively lifelong. Many BPA-containing materials are non-obvious but commonly encountered, and include coatings for the inside of food cans, clothing, shop receipts, and dental fillings.
Bisphenol A (BPA) has been investigated by public health agencies in many countries, as well as by the World Health Organization.
While normal exposure is below the level currently associated with risk, several jurisdictions have taken steps to reduce exposure on a precautionary basis, in particular by banning Bisphenol A (BPA) from baby bottles.
There is some evidence that Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure in infants has decreased as a result of this.
BPA-free plastics have also been introduced, which are manufactured using alternative bisphenols such as bisphenol S and bisphenol F, but there is also controversy around whether these are actually safer.
History
Bisphenol A was first reported in 1891 by the Russian chemist Aleksandr Dianin.
In 1934, workers at I.G. Farbenindustrie reported the coupling of Bisphenol A (BPA) and epichlorohydrin.
Over the following decade, coatings and resins derived from similar materials were described by workers at the companies of DeTrey Freres in Switzerland and DeVoe and Raynolds in the US. This early work underpinned the development of epoxy resins, which in turn motivated production of BPA.
The utilization of Bisphenol A (BPA) further expanded with discoveries at Bayer and General Electric on polycarbonate plastics.
These plastics first appeared in 1958, being produced by Mobay, General Electric, and Bayer.
In terms of the endocrine disruption controversy, the British biochemist Edward Charles Dodds tested Bisphenol A (BPA) as an artificial estrogen in the early 1930s.
Subsequent work found that it bound to estrogen receptors tens of thousands of times more weakly than estradiol, the major natural female sex hormone.
Dodds eventually developed a structurally similar compound, diethylstilbestrol (DES), which was used as a synthetic estrogen drug in women and animals until it was banned due to its risk of causing cancer, the ban on use of DES in humans came in 1971 and in animals, in 1979.
Bisphenol A (BPA) was never used as a drug.
Production
The synthesis of Bisphenol A (BPA) still follows Dianin's general method, with the fundamentals changing little in 130 years.
The condensation of acetone (hence the suffix 'A' in the name) with two equivalents of phenol is catalyzed by a strong acid, such as concentrated hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, or a solid acid resin such as the sulfonic acid form of polystyrene sulfonate.
An excess of phenol is used to ensure full condensation and to limit the formation of by‑products, such as Dianin's compound.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is fairly cheap to produce, as the synthesis benefits from a high atom economy and large amounts of both starting materials are available from the cumene process.
As the only by-product is water, it may be considered an indusrial example of green chemistry. Global production in 2022 is expected to reach 10 million tonnes.
Usually, the addition of acetone takes place at the para position on both phenols, however minor amounts of the ortho-para (up 3%) and ortho-ortho isomers are also produced, along with several other minor by‑products.
These are not always removed and are known impurities in commercial samples of BPA.
Properties
Bisphenol A (BPA) has a fairly high melting point but can be easily dissolved in a broad range of organic solvents including toluene, ethanol and ethyl acetate.
Bisphenol A (BPA) may be purified by recrystallisation from acetic acid with water.
Crystals form in the monoclinic space group P 21/n (where n indicates the glide plane), within this individual molecules of Bisphenol A (BPA) are arraigned with a 91.5° torsion angle between the phenol rings.
Spectroscopic data is available from AIST.
Uses and applications
Major uses
Polycarbonates
Main article: Polycarbonate
About 65-70% of all bisphenol A is used to make polycarbonate plastics, which can consists of nearly 90% Bisphenol A (BPA) by mass.
Polymerisation is achieved by a reaction with phosgene, conducted under biphasic condition, the hydrochloric acid is scavenged with aqueous base.
This process converts the individual molecules of Bisphenol A (BPA) into large polymer chains, effectively trapping them.
Epoxy and vinyl ester resins
About 25-30% of all Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in the manufacture of epoxy resins and vinyl ester resins.
For epoxy resin, it is first converted to its diglycide ether (usually abbreviated BADGE or DGEBA).
This is achieved by a reaction with epichlorohydrin under basic conditions.
Some of this is further reacted with methacrylic acid to form bis-GMA, which is used to make vinyl ester resins.
Alternatively, and to a much lesser extent, Bisphenol A (BPA) may be ethoxylated and then converted to its diacrylate and dimethacrylate derivatives (bis-EMA, or EBPADMA).
These may be incorporated at low levels in vinyl ester resins to change their physical properties and see common use in dental composites and sealants.
Minor uses
The remaining 5% of Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in a wide range of applications, many of which involve plastic.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a major component of several high-performance plastics, the production of these is low compared to other plastics but still equals several thousand tons a year.
Comparatively minor amounts of Bisphenol A (BPA) are also used as additives or modifiers in some commodity plastics. These materials are much more common but their Bisphenol A (BPA) content will be low.
Plastics
As a major component
Polycyanurates can be produced from Bisphenol A (BPA) by way of its cyanate ester.
This is formed by a reaction between Bisphenol A (BPA) and cyanogen bromide.
Examples include BT-Epoxy, which is one of a number of resins used the production of printed circuit boards.
Polyetherimides can be produced from BPA.[49] These plastics have exceptional resistance to mechanical, thermal and chemical damage.
They are used in medical devices and other high performance instrumentation.
Polybenzoxazines may be produced from a number of biphenols, including BPA.
Polysulfones can be produced from Bisphenol A (BPA) and bis(4-chlorophenyl) sulfone forming poly(bisphenol-A sulfone) (PSF).
Bisphenol A (BPA) is used as a high performance alternative to polycarbonate.
Bisphenol-A formaldehyde resins are a subset of phenol formaldehyde resins.
They are used in the production of high-pressure laminates
As a minor component
Polyurethane foams, and particularly memory foams, sometimes use the bis-EMA (Bisphenol A (BPA) derivatives) as chain extenders.
PVC can contain Bisphenol A (BPA) and its derivatives through multiple routes.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is sometimes used as an antioxidant in phthalates, which are extensively used as plasticizers for PVC.
Bisphenol A (BPA) has also been used as an antioxidant to protect sensitive PVC heat stabilizers.
Historically between 5 and 10% by weight of Bisphenol A (BPA) was included in barium cadmium types, although these have largely been phased-out due health concerns surrounding the cadmium.
Bisphenol A (BPA) diglycidyl ether (BADGE) is used as an acid scavenger, particularly in PVC dispersions, such as organosols or plastisols, which are used as coatings for the inside of food cans, as well as embossed clothes designs produced using heat transfer vinyl or screen printing machines.
Bromination of Bisphenol A (BPA) froms tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), which is used as a flame retardant in plastics.
TBBPA is mainly used as a reactive component of polymers, meaning that it is incorporated into the polymer backbone.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is used to prepare fire-resistant polycarbonates by replacing some bisphenol A.
A lower grade of TBBPA is used to prepare epoxy resins, used in printed circuit boards.
Its use is diminishing due to restrictions on brominated flame retardants.
Other applications
Bisphenol A (BPA) is used as an antioxidant in several fields, particularly in brake fluids.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is used as a developing agent in thermal paper (shop receipts).
Recycled paper products can also contain BPA, although this can depend strongly on how it is recycled. Deinking can remove 95% of BPA, with the pulp produced used to make newsprint, toilet paper and facial tissues.
If deinking is not performed then the Bisphenol A (BPA) remains in the fibers, paper recycled this way is usually made into corrugated fiberboard.
Ethoxylated Bisphenol A (BPA) finds minor use as a 'levelling agent' in tin electroplating.
Several drug candidates have also been developed from bisphenol A, including Ralaniten, Ralaniten acetate, and EPI-001.
Bisphenol A (BPA) substitutes
See also: Bisphenol
Concerns about the health effects of Bisphenol A (BPA) have led some manufacturers replacing it with other bisphenols, such as bisphenol S and bisphenol F.
These are produced in a similar manner to BPA, by replacing acetone with other ketones, which undergo analogous condensation reactions.
Thus, in bisphenol F, the F signifies formaldehyde.
Health concerns have also been raised about these substitutes.
Nature
White needle crystal or flaky powder. Flammable. Micro-band phenol odor. Boiling point 250~252 deg C.
The pure product has a melting point of 155-158 °c.
Industrial melting point 150 N152.
Relative density 1.195, flash point 79.4.
Soluble in ethanol, acetone, ether, benzene and dilute alkali solution, micro-soluble in carbon tetrachloride, almost insoluble in water.
Preparation Method
phenol and acetone are condensed in the presence of a catalyst, washed with water, crystallized and filtered to obtain a crude product. ,
After recrystallization, centrifugal separation, drying, to obtain the finished product.
Uses:
used in the manufacture of a variety of polymer materials, such as epoxy resin, polycarbonate, polysulfone and phenolic unsaturated resin.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is also used in the manufacture of PVC heat stabilizer, rubber antioxidant, agricultural fungicide, paint, ink antioxidant and plasticizer.
A high-production-volume chemical used in manufacture of epoxy-phenolic resins (protective linings for food and beverage cans), monomer for polycarbonate resins (used in food contact materials such as returnable beverage bottles, infant feeding bottles, plates, and mugs), antioxidant in PVC plastics, inhibitor of end polymerization in PVC plastics.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is used as the constitutional monomer or the monomeric building block of polycarbonate plastics, either by trans-esterification with diphenyl carbonate or via the interfacial process with a monohydroxylic phenol.
Together with epichlorohydrin, Bisphenol A (BPA) is also used as a major component of epoxy resins. Bisphenol A-polycarbonate plastics are in turn used in the manufacture of plastic food containers such as reusable water bottles, while epoxy resins are used as inner linings of tin cans. In addition, Bisphenol A (BPA) is also used as an additive in other plastics and polymers, particularly as an antioxidant or stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride, printer ink, and in some other products.
A monomer used for policarbonate and epoxy resins; exhibits estrogenic activity.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is also used as a building block in polycarbonate bottles and in the epoxy-resin liners of metal cans.
Bisphenol A is used with epichlorhydrin for the synthesis of epoxy resins bisphenol-A type.
Bisphenol A (BPA) leads to bisphenol-A diglycidyl ether, which is the monomer of bisphenol-A based epoxy resins.
Reports of bisphenol- A sensitization, particularly in workers at epoxy resin plants, are controversial.
Bisphenol-A was also reported as an allergen in fiberglass, semisynthetic waxes, footwear and dental materials.
Chemical Properties Bisphenol A is a white or tan crystals or flakes with a mild phenolic odor and a very low vapor pressure.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is mildly soluble in water.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is not considered to be an explosive in the conventional sense but can pose a hazard as a finely powdered material in air .
Bisphenol A (BPA) is not considered to be a chemical oxidizer.
History
Bisphenol A (BPA) was first synthesized in 1891, but it was not used widely until applications in the plastics industry were identified in the 1950s.
While the most prominent use of Bisphenol A (BPA) is in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins, it is also used in the production and processing of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and modified polyamide and in the manufacture of carbonless and thermal paper, wood filler, adhesives, printing inks, surface coatings, polyurethane, brake fluid, resin-based dental composites and sealants, flame retardants, paints, and tires.
Preparation
Although the reaction theoretically requires the molar ratio of reactants to be 2: 1, an improved yield of bisphenol A is obtained if additional phenol is present; the optimum molar ratio is 4: 1.
In a typical process, the phenol and acetone are mixed and warmed to 50°C.
Hydrogen chloride (catalyst) is passed into the mixture for about 8 hours, during which period the temperature is kept below 70°C to suppress the formation of isomeric products.
Bisphenol A precipitates and is filtered off and washed with toluene to remove unreacted phenol (which is recovered).
The product is then recrystallized from aqueous ethanol. Since epoxy resins are oflow molecular weight and because colour is not normally particularly important, the purity of bisphenol A used in resin production is not critical.
Material with a p,p'-isomer content of 95-98% is usually satisfactory, the principal impurities in such material are o,p'- and o,o'-isomers.
Purification Methods
Crystallise bisphenol from acetic acid/water (1:1).
Bisphenol A (BPA) is used for making polycarbonate bottles and leaches out slowly on heating.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a known “estrogenic chemical” shown to disrupt chemical signaling in the complex network of glands, hormones and cell receptors which make up the endocrine system.
Bisphenol A (BPA) causes low sperm count and damages the ecosystem by the feminisation of fish, reptiles and birds.
Used as a chemical intermediate, mainly for epoxy resins and polycarbonate resins
Used with epichlorohydrin to produce epoxy resins
The largest use for bisphenol A is polycarbonate ... followed by epoxy resins.
Other uses are flame retardants, unsaturated polyester resins and polyacrylate, polyetherimide, and polysulfone resins.
Used for a wide range of products such as aromatic polyesters with phthalic acid, polysulfones, polyetherketone, unsaturated, hydrolysis-resistant polyesters, antioxidants, phenoxy resins from bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin, and phenolic resins elastified by incorporation of bisphenol A.
However, the majority is used for flame retardants, especially tetrabromobisphenol A.
Industry Uses
• Adhesives and sealant chemicals
• Flame retardants
• Intermediates
• Laboratory chemicals
• Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
• Process regulators
• Propellants and blowing agents
Consumer Uses
• Building/construction materials not covered elsewhere
• Electrical and electronic products
• Ink, toner, and colorant products
• Paints and coatings
• Plastic and rubber products not covered elsewhere
• Toys, playground, and sporting equipment
• Wax manufacturing
Methods of Manufacturing
Hydrogen chloride or sulfonated cross-linked polystyrenes are used as the catalyst which are usually arranged as a fixed bed over which the reaction mixture is passed.
The reaction of phenol with acetone takes place at 50 - 90 °C, the molar ratio phenol - acetone is up to 15:1.
Bisphenol A crystallizes as an adduct with 1 mol phenol, after separation of the hydrogen chloride by distillation or neutralization.
The use of ion exchangers is preferred to that of hydrogen chloride because they are less corrosive.
The yield is normally 80-95%.
General Manufacturing Information
Industry Processing Sectors
• All other basic organic chemical manufacturing
• All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing
• Asphalt paving, roofing, and coating materials manufacturing
• Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing
• Fabricated metal product manufacturing
• Paint and coating manufacturing
• Petrochemical manufacturing
• Plastic material and resin manufacturing
• Plastics product manufacturing
• Primary metal manufacturing
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical that is mainly used in combination with other chemicals to manufacture plastics and resins. For example, Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in polycarbonate plastics, a high-performance transparent, rigid plastic.
Polycarbonate is used to make food containers, such as reusable beverage bottles, tableware (plates and mugs) and storage containers.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is also used to produce epoxy resins found in protective coatings and linings for food and beverage cans and vats.
Bisphenol A (BPA) can migrate in small amounts to food and beverages stored in materials containing the substance.
Bisphenol A (BPA) stands for bisphenol A, an industrial chemical that has been used to make certain plastics and resins since the 1950s.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is found in polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Polycarbonate plastics are often used in containers that store food and beverages, such as water bottles.
They may also be used in other consumer goods.
Epoxy resins are used to coat the inside of metal products, such as food cans, bottle tops and water supply lines. Some dental sealants and composites also may contain BPA.
Some research has shown that Bisphenol A (BPA) can seep into food or beverages from containers that are made with BPA.
Exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA) is a concern because of the possible health effects on the brain and prostate gland of fetuses, infants and children.
Bisphenol A (BPA) can also affect children's behavior.
Additional research suggests a possible link between Bisphenol A (BPA) and increased blood pressure, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical that has been used to harden plastics for more than 40 years.
It's everywhere.
It's in medical devices, compact discs, dental sealants, water bottles, the lining of canned foods and drinks, and many other products.
More than 90% of us have Bisphenol A (BPA) in our bodies right now. We get most of it by eating foods that have been in containers made with BPA.
It's also possible to pick up Bisphenol A (BPA) through air, dust, and water.
Bisphenol A (BPA) was common in baby bottles, sippy cups, baby formula cans, and other products for babies and young children.
Controversy changed that.
Now, the six major companies that make baby bottles and cups for infants have stopped using Bisphenol A (BPA) in the products they sell in the U.S. Many manufacturers of infant formula have stopped using Bisphenol A (BPA) in their cans, as well.
According to the U.S. Department of Health, toys generally don't contain BPA.
While the hard outer shields of some pacifiers do have BPA, the nipple that the baby sucks on does not.
Bisphenol-A (BPA) is an industrial chemical used in plastics manufacturing and added to many commercial products, including food containers, baby bottles, plastic water bottles, and hygiene products.
Bisphenol A (BPA) has been used since the 1960s to produce strong and resilient plastics for food packaging and home kitchen use.
Common products that may contain BPA include:
Items packaged in plastic containers
Canned foods
Toiletries
Menstrual products
Thermal printer receipts
CDs and DVDs
Household electronics
Eyeglass lenses
Sports equipment
Dental filling sealants
Even some drinking water pipes are lined with epoxy resins containing BPA.
What is Bisphenol A?
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical used to make polycarbonate plastic.
Polycarbonate plastic is used to make hard plastic items, such as baby bottles, re-useable water bottles, food containers, pitchers, tableware and other storage containers.
You can also find polycarbonate plastic in eyeglass lenses, CDs, DVDs, computers, appliances, sports safety equipment and many other products.
Although Bisphenol A (BPA) is primarily used to make polycarbonate plastics, other plastic materials may also contain BPA.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is also used to make epoxy resins.
Epoxy resin linings coat the inside of metal products such as food cans, bottle tops and water supply pipes.
The purpose of epoxy linings is to keep the can material from corroding or reacting with the food.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is used to manufacture polycarbonate plastics.
This type of plastic is used to make some types of beverage containers, compact disks, plastic dinnerware, impact-resistant safety equipment, automobile parts, and toys.
Bisphenol A (BPA) epoxy resins are used in the protective linings of food cans, in dental sealants, and in other products.
Occurrence in packaging and food
Polycarbonate plastics containing Bisphenol A (BPA) have many food and non-food applications.
Food applications include food and drink packaging, water and infant bottles, other food and liquid containers, tableware, microwave ovenware and cookware.
Polycarbonate non-food applications include compact discs, impact resistant safety equipment and medical devices.
Epoxy resins containing Bisphenol A (BPA) are used as protective lacquers to coat metal products such as food cans, bottle tops, and water supply pipes.
Some dental sealants and composites may also contribute to Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is generally accepted that the main dietary contributor of Bisphenol A (BPA) is canned food, accounting for about 50% of the total exposure.
Of the non-canned foods examined, meat, fish and products made from meat or fish were the more important sources of BPA5,6.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical used to make plastics, including food storage containers and refillable drinks bottles.
It's also used to make some protective coatings and linings for food and drinks cans.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is mainly used as a starting substance for polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins.
Polycarbonates (PC) plastics applications include glasses, electronics and solar panels.
In food contact materials, PC plastic is used to manufacture refillable water containers for water dispensers and other PC electronic kitchen appliances.
Epoxy resins are used as coatings in lids of glass containers and in the linings of aluminum cans.
Further Bisphenol A (BPA) is used to coat thermal papers.
Bisphenol A is a synthetic chemical used for more than 50 years in many different industrial applications.
For a long time, its two main uses were for the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is also used as a component of other polymers and resins (polyester, polysulfone, vinyl ester resins, etc.).
Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in the synthesis of certain flame retardants and as a developer for thermal paper (mainly cash register receipts).
In the framework of its work on endocrine disruptors, in 2011 ANSES conducted a sector study with the aim of more systematically identifying the industry sectors using bisphenol A, and the consumer products and items concerned.
Bisphenol A (BPA) has identified nearly 60 sectors potentially using Bisphenol A (BPA) in France, and has produced a non-exhaustive list of the uses, items and preparations that may contain bisphenol A (cables, sealants, adhesives, food grade containers and other containers, headlamp inserts, sporting goods, brake fluids, heat transfer fluids, electrical installation equipment, domestic appliances, medical devices and equipment, printing inks, etc.), thus showing that a very broad range of products and items was concerned.
Bisphenol A is a carbon-based synthetic compound, belonging to the group of diphenylmethane derivatives and bisphenols.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a colourless solid that is soluble in organic solvents, but poorly soluble in water.
Bisphenol A was discovered by the Russian chemist AP Dianin in 1891.
Commercial production of Bisphenol A (BPA) requires distillation – either extraction of Bisphenol A (BPA) from many resinous byproducts under high vacuum or solvent-based extraction using additional phenol followed by distillation.
What is Bisphenol A (BPA) used for?
Bisphenol A has been in commercial use since 1957.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is used as a hardener in making polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins.
Common Bisphenol A (BPA) products include water bottles, baby bottles, food storage containers, household electronics, plastic lenses, DVDs.
Epoxy resins containing Bisphenol A (BPA) are used to line failing water pipes and as a coating inside of many food and drinks containers.
Bisphenol A can sometimes be found as an antioxidant in flexible PVC.
Bisphenol A (BPA) in the Environment
Bisphenol A (BPA) can enter the environment either directly from chemical, plastics coat and staining manufacturers, from paper or material recycling companies, foundries who use Bisphenol A (BPA) in casting sand, or indirectly leaching from plastic, paper and metal waste in landfills.
Why do we need BPA?
Bisphenol A (BPA) is used primarily in the production of epoxy resins, polycarbonate plastic and thermal paper such as the paper used to print cash register receipts.
Epoxy resins can have typical uses in tin cans, protecting the metal from corrosion (particularly when the food substance within the container is acidic) and ensuring long storage times for such foods.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an important chemical used primarily as an intermediate in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins, which are used in a wide range of consumer and industrial applications.
During the production process, the Bisphenol A (BPA) molecules are chemically bonded to one another to form the polymeric structure of the material itself.
Exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA) from polycarbonate plastic and/or epoxy resin food contact applications is minimal for consumers, ensuring the safety of these products. +
Sometimes there are mistaken claims that Bisphenol A (BPA) is in PET soft drinks bottles: it is not.
Bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS) are chemical cousins that are commonly found in plastics, food and beverage can linings, and other consumer products.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is known to mimic estrogen and, in animal studies, researchers have linked developmental exposure to it to reproductive harm, increased cancer susceptibility, and abnormalities in brain development and fat metabolism.
About Bisphenol A (BPA)
Helpful information
Bisphenol A (BPA) has not been registered under the REACH Regulation, therefore as yet ECHA has not received any data about Bisphenol A (BPA) from registration dossiers.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Consumer Uses
ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or in which chemical products the substance might be used. Other release to the environment of Bisphenol A (BPA) is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials).
Article service life
Other release to the environment of Bisphenol A (BPA) is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials).
Bisphenol A (BPA) can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines) and vehicles.
Bisphenol A (BPA) can be found in products with material based on: plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones).
Widespread uses by professional workers
Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in the following products: polymers. Bisphenol A (BPA) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates). Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging. Bisphenol A (BPA) is used for the manufacture of: plastic products and electrical, electronic and optical equipment. Other release to the environment of Bisphenol A (BPA) is likely to occur from: indoor use and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).
Formulation or re-packing
Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in the following products: polymers.
Bisphenol A (BPA) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Release to the environment of Bisphenol A (BPA) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Uses at industrial sites
Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in the following products: polymers.
Bisphenol A (BPA) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Bisphenol A (BPA) is used in the following areas: building & construction work, formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and scientific research and development.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is used for the manufacture of: plastic products, chemicals and machinery and vehicles.
Release to the environment of Bisphenol A (BPA) can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in the production of articles, for thermoplastic manufacture and in processing aids at industrial sites.
Manufacture
Release to the environment of Bisphenol A (BPA) can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
IUPAC NAMES:
2,2-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane
2,2-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane
2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane
2.2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane
4,4' isopropylidenediphenol
4,4'-(1-Methylethyliden)bisphenol
4,4'-(propane-2,2-diyl)diphenol
4,4'-dihydroxy-2,2-diphenylpropane
4,4'-Isopropylidendiphenol
4,4'-isopropylidendiphenol
4,4'-Isopropylidenebisphenol
4,4'-ISOPROPYLIDENEDIPHENOL
4,4'-Isopropylidenediphenol
4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol
4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol
4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol (Bisphenol-A)
4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol (CAS 80-05-7)
4,4'-isopropylidenediphenolbisphenol A
4,4'-Propane-2,2-diyldiphenol
4,4'-propane-2,2-diyldiphenol
4,4-isopropylidenediphenol
4,4`-isopropylidenediphenol
4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phenol
Bisphenol A
bisphenol A
Bisphenol A
bisphenol A 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol
bisphenol A; 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol
Bisphenol-A
BPA
Diphenylpropane, Bisphenol-A
Phenol, 4,4 -(1-methylethylidene)bis-
Phenol, 4,4'-(1-methylethylidene)bis-
Phenol, 4,4'-isopropylidenedi-
SYNONYMS:
Bisphenol A
80-05-7
2,2-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane
4,4'-Isopropylidenediphenol
Bisphenol
Diphenylolpropane
4,4'-Bisphenol A
Diano
Bisphenol-A
4,4'-(propane-2,2-diyl)diphenol
Biphenol A
DIAN
Parabis A
2,2-Bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)propane
Rikabanol
p,p'-Bisphenol A
p,p'-Isopropylidenebisphenol
4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phenol
2,2-Di(4-phenylol)propane
Bisferol A
Phenol, 4,4'-(1-methylethylidene)bis-
Ipognox 88
p,p'-Dihydroxydiphenylpropane
BPA
Pluracol 245
4,4'-Dihydroxydiphenylpropane
Dimethylmethylene-p,p'-diphenol
p,p'-Isopropylidenediphenol
Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane
Ucar bisphenol A
2,2-Di(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane
Ucar bisphenol HP
4,4'-Isopropylidene diphenol
2,2-Bis(hydroxyphenyl)propane
p,p'-Dihydroxydiphenyldimethylmethane
4,4'-(1-Methylethylidene)bisphenol
4,4'-propane-2,2-diyldiphenol
4,4'-Isopropylidenebisphenol
Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)dimethylmethane
Isopropylidenebis(4-hydroxybenzene)
Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) dimethylmethane
Bisphenol A.
4,4'-Dihydroxy-2,2-diphenylpropane
4,4'-Dihydroxydiphenyldimethylmethane
2,2-Bis-4'-hydroxyfenylpropan
2,2-(4,4'-Dihydroxydiphenyl)propane
Phenol, 4,4'-isopropylidenedi-
4-[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylethyl]phenol
Phenol, (1-methylethylidene)bis-
Dimethylbis(p-hydroxyphenyl)methane
NCI-C50635
2,2-Bis(4'-hydroxyphenyl)propane
4,4' Isopropylidinediphenol
Dimethyl bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)methane
2,2-Bis (4-hydroxyphenol) propane
beta-di-p-hydroxyphenylpropane
4,4'-Dihydroxydiphenyl-2,2-propane
4,4-ISOPROPYLIDENEDIPHENOL
Bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)propane
Phenol, 4,4'-dimethylmethylenedi-
4,4[-Isopropylidenediphenol
Propane, 2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-
beta,beta'-Bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)propane
UNII-MLT3645I99
4,4'-Dimethylmethylenediphenol
4,4'-Isopropylidenebis[phenol]
Bisphenol A (BPA)
2,2-bis[4-Hydroxyphenyl]propane
2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane
MFCD00002366
beta,beta-di-(p-hydroxyphenyl)propane
Phenol, 4,4'-(1-methylethylidene)bis-, homopolymer
4,4'-Dihydroxdiphenylpropane
4,4'-(1-Methylethane-1,1-diyl)diphenol
27100-33-0
DTXSID7020182
CHEBI:33216
di-2,2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)propane
MLT3645I99
2, 2-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane
4,4'-ISOPROPYLIDENEDIPHENOL (BISPHENOL A)
Polycarbonate
4,2-propane
2,2-(4,4-Dihydroxydiphenyl)propane
2,2-di-(4'-Hydroxyphenyl)-propane
4,2-diphenylpropane
2,2-Bis(4,4'-hydroxyphenyl)propane
NCGC00090952-07
.beta.,.beta.'-Bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)propane
DSSTox_CID_182
DSSTox_RID_75420
Phenol,4'-isopropylidenedi-
DSSTox_GSID_20182
Phenol,4'-dimethylmethylenedi-
2,4'-Dihydroxydiphenyl)propane
Bisferol A [Czech]
WLN: QR DX1&1&R DQ
Propane,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-
.beta.-Di-(p-hydroxyphenyl)propane
Poly(Bisphenol A carbonate)
Phenol,4'-(1-methylethylidene)bis-
CAS-80-05-7
CCRIS 95
HSDB 513
NSC 1767
bisphenol A, sodium salt
EINECS 201-245-8
bisphenol A, disodium salt
BRN 1107700
2,2-Bis-4'-hydroxyfenylpropan [Czech]
AI3-04009
bis-phenol-a
bis-phenol A
Bis Phenol A
Millad HBPA
2OH
4,4'-ISOPROPYLIDENE-DIPHENOL
bis(4-hyd roxyphenyl) dimethylmethane
4,4'-bisphenol-A
Bisphenol A, 97%
2e2r
2p7g
4, 4'-Bisphenol A
Bisphenol A-[13C2]
Bisphenol A, >=99%
Bisphenol-A-[13C12]
EC 201-245-8
Bisphenol a(ring 13c12)
BIDD:PXR0120
Oprea1_215541
p, p'-Isopropylidenediphenol
SCHEMBL15062
bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane
4-06-00-06717 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
MLS001055461
BIDD:ER0208
4,4'-Isopropylidenedi-Phenol
p, p'-Dihydroxydiphenylpropane
(1-methylethylidene)bis-Phenol
2, 2-Di(4-phenylol)propane
4,4'-Isopropylidenediphenol B
CHEMBL418971
GTPL7865
4, 4'-Dihydroxydiphenylpropane
2, 2-Bis(hydroxyphenyl)propane
.beta.-di-p-hydroxyphenylpropane
4,4'-Dimethylmethylenedi-Phenol
BDBM29608
beta-Di-(p-hydroxyphenyl)propane
ZINC56434
BPA 157
NSC1767
2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-propane
Bisphenol A -Polycarbonate Grade
HMS2866B07
HMS3749E11
KUC105370N
2,2'-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane
2,2-di(p-hydroxy-phenyl-)propane
4,4'-Isopropylidenediphenol, 8CI
2,2-bis-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-propane
CS-B1737
NSC-1767
NSC17959
2,2-bis-(4-hydroxy phenyl)propane
2,2-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane
2,2-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane
Tox21_202992
Tox21_400088
BBL010647
dimethyl bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)methane
KSC-7-199
NSC-17959
s6007
STK801675
2,2-bis-(4- hydroxyphenyl)-propane
p, p'-Dihydroxydiphenyldimethylmethane
4,4'-(1-methylethylidene)bis-phenol
4,4'-dihydroxy diphenyl-2,2-propane
AKOS000119022
4, 4'-Dihydroxydiphenyl-2,2-propane
4, 4'-Dihydroxydiphenyldimethylmethane
CCG-214370
DB06973
MCULE-1016303245
beta, beta'-Bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)propane
UPCMLD0ENAT5883875:001
NCGC00090952-01
NCGC00090952-02
NCGC00090952-03
NCGC00090952-04
NCGC00090952-05
NCGC00090952-06
NCGC00090952-08
NCGC00090952-09
NCGC00260537-01
HY-18260
O169
SMR000315090
VS-02603
4,4'-(1-Methylethylidene)bisphenol, 9CI
Bisphenol A 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
1,1'-(1-Methylethylidene)bisphenylol, 9CI
B0494
FT-0609178
FT-0663365
FT-0663366
FT-0663367
Bisphenol A 2,2-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane
D77313
4,4'-Isopropylidenediphenol, analytical standard
4,4'-ISOROPYLIDENEDIPHENOL; BISPHENOL A
A839823
AE-848/01247026
Q271980
SR-01000596928
SR-01000596928-1
BRD-K41494493-001-04-7
Bisphenol A, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
F1284-0895
Z256709694
Bisphenol A, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
25766-59-0
4,4'-(1-Methylethylidene)bisphenol
4,4’-(1-methylethylidene)bis-pheno
4,4’-(1-methylethylidene)bisphenol
4,4’-(1-methylethylidene)bis-Phenol
2,2-Bis (4-hydroxyphenol) propane
2,2-Bis(4,4'-hydroxyphenyl)propane
2,2-Bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propa
2,2-Bis(hydroxyphenyl)propane
2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-propan
2,2-bis-4’-hydroxyfenylpropan
2,2-bis-4’-hydroxyfenylpropan(czech)
2,2-Bis-4'-hydroxyfenylpropan
2,2-di-(4'-Hydroxyphenyl)-propane
2,2-Di-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane
2,2-Di(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane
2,2-Di(4-phenylol)propane
4,4’-bisphenola
4,4’-dihydroxydiphenyl-2,2-propane
4,4’-dihydroxydiphenyldimethylmethane
4,4’-dihydroxydiphenylisopropane
4,4’-dihydroxydiphenylpropane
4,4’-dimethylmethylenedi-pheno
4,4’-isopropylidenebisphenol
Bisferol A
bisferola
bisferola(czech)
bisphenola(bpa)
bis-Phenolpropane
di-2,2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)propane
Dian
Diano
Dimethyl bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)methane
dimethylbis(p-hydroxyphenyl)methane
dimethylmethylene-p,p’-diphenol
Dimethylmethylene-p,p'-diphenol
Ipognox 88
Parabis A
parabisa
Phenol, (1-methylethylidene)bis-
Phenol, 4,4'-dimethylmethylenedi-
Phenol, 4,4'-isopropylidenedi-
Pluracol 245
pluracol245
Propane, 2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-
propane,2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-
Rikabanol
ucarbisphenola
ucarbisphenolhp
4,4'-ISOPROPYLIDENEDIPHENOL, 500MG, NEAT
BISPHENOL A, 99+%
4,4'-Isopropylidenediphenol,97%
β-Di-p-hydroxyphenylpropane
Phenol, 4,4'-(1-methylethylidene)bis-
4,4'-isopropyldidenediphenol
2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-popane
DI-(PARA-HYDROXYPHENYL)DIMETHYLMETHANE
(2,2-BIS(PARA-HYDROXYPHENYL)PROPANE
Diphenylolpropan
