Quick Search
CAS NO:110-15-6
EC NO:203-740-4
Butanedioic Acid (/səkˈsɪnɪk/) is a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula (CH2)2(CO2H)2.The name derives from Latin succinum, meaning amber. In living organisms, succinic acid takes the form of an anion, succinate, which has multiple biological roles as a metabolic intermediate being converted into fumarate by the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase in complex 2 of the electron transport chain which is involved in making ATP, and as a signaling molecule reflecting the cellular metabolic state.
Butanedioic Acid is marketed as food additive E363.
Butanedioic Acid is generated in mitochondria via the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA).
Butanedioic Acid can exit the mitochondrial matrix and function in the cytoplasm as well as the extracellular space, changing gene expression patterns, modulating epigenetic landscape or demonstrating hormone-like signaling.
Properties
Chemical formula C4H6O4
Molar mass 118.088 g·mol−1
Density 1.56 g/cm3[2]
Melting point 184–190 °C (363–374 °F; 457–463 K)[2][4]
Boiling point 235 °C (455 °F; 508 K)[2]
Solubility in water 58 g/L (20 °C)[2] or 100 mg/mL[3]
Physical properties
Butanedioic Acid is a white, odorless solid with a highly acidic taste. In an aqueous solution, succinic acid readily ionizes to form its conjugate base, succinate (/ˈsʌksɪneɪt/). As a diprotic acid, succinic acid undergoes two successive deprotonation reactions:
(CH2)2(CO2H)2 → (CH2)2(CO2H)(CO2)− + H+
(CH2)2(CO2H)(CO2)− → (CH2)2(CO2)22− + H+
The pKa of these processes are 4.3 and 5.6, respectively. Both anions are colorless and can be isolated as the salts, e.g., Na(CH2)2(CO2H)(CO2) and Na2(CH2)2(CO2)2. In living organisms, primarily succinate, not succinic acid, is found.
As a radical group it is called a succinyl (/ˈsʌksɪnəl/) group.
Butanedioic Acid appears as white crystals or shiny white odorless crystalline powder. pH of 0.1 molar solution: 2.7. Very acid taste.
Butanedioic Acid is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group.
Butanedioic Acid is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.
Butanedioic Acid has a role as a nutraceutical, a radiation protective agent, an anti-ulcer drug, a micronutrient and a fundamental metabolite.
Butanedioic Acid is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid and a C4-dicarboxylic acid.
Butanedioic Acid is a conjugate acid of a succinate(1-).
A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters.
Butanedioic Acid is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent.
Industry Uses
Adsorbents and absorbents
Corrosion inhibitors and anti-scaling agents
Intermediates
Plasticizers
Processing aids, not otherwise listed
Consumer Uses
Adhesives and sealants
Water treatment products
Industry Processing Sectors
All other basic organic chemical manufacturing
Plastic material and resin manufacturing
Utilities
USES
-Organic synthesis, manufacture of lacquers, dyes esters for perfumes, photography, in foods as sequestrant, buffer, neutralizing agent
-Uses of succinic acid range from scientific applications such as radiation dosimetry and standard buffer solutions to applications in agriculture, food, medicine, plastics, cosmetics, textiles, plating, and waste-gas scrubbing
-Butanedioic Acid is used as starting material in the manufacture of alkyd resins, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides. Reaction with glycols gives polyesters; esters formed by reaction with monoalcohols are important plasticizers and lubricants.
-In the growing of food, it is a biogenic stimulant leading to faster plant growth and increased yields.
Butanedioic Acid, also called Butanedioic Acid, a dicarboxylic acid of molecular formula C4H6O4 that is widely distributed in almost all plant and animal tissues and that plays a significant role in intermediary metabolism.
Butanedioic Acid is a colourless crystalline solid, soluble in water, with a melting point of 185–187° C (365–369° F).
Succinic acid, also known as ethylenesuccinate or butanedionic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dicarboxylic acids and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing exactly two carboxylic acid groups.
Butanedioic Acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral.
Butanedioic Acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.
Butanedioic Acid is a potentially toxic compound.
Physicochemical Information
Boiling point 235 °C (1013 hPa)
Density 1.57 g/cm3 (25 °C)
Ignition temperature 470 °C
Melting Point 188 °C
pH value 2.7 (10 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Bulk density 940 kg/m3
Solubility 58 g/l
About Butanedioic Acid
Helpful information
Butanedioic Acid is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.
Butanedioic Acid is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Consumer Uses
Butanedioic Acid is used in the following products: adsorbents, fertilisers, inks and toners, washing & cleaning products, water softeners, adhesives and sealants, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, perfumes and fragrances, pharmaceuticals, polymers and cosmetics and personal care products.
Other release to the environment of Butanedioic Acid is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
Article service life
ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Butanedioic Acid is most likely to be released to the environment. ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or into which articles the substance might have been processed.
Widespread uses by professional workers
Butanedioic Acid is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, anti-freeze products, metal surface treatment products, heat transfer fluids, hydraulic fluids, washing & cleaning products, fertilisers, water softeners and cosmetics and personal care products. Butanedioic Acid is used in the following areas: printing and recorded media reproduction, health services and scientific research and development. Butanedioic Acid is used for the manufacture of: plastic products. Other release to the environment of Butanedioic Acid is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).
Formulation or re-packing
Butanedioic Acid is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, water softeners, cosmetics and personal care products, non-metal-surface treatment products, inks and toners, paper chemicals and dyes and polymers.
Release to the environment of Butanedioic Acid can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.
Uses at industrial sites
Butanedioic Acid is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, metal surface treatment products, leather treatment products, metal working fluids and laboratory chemicals.
Butanedioic Acid is used in the following areas: municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment, scientific research and development and printing and recorded media reproduction.
Butanedioic Acid is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, plastic products and textile, leather or fur.
Release to the environment of Butanedioic Acid can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), for thermoplastic manufacture, in the production of articles and as processing aid.
Manufacture
Release to the environment of Butanedioic Acid can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Butanedioic Acid (IUPAC systematic name: butanedioic acid; historically known as spirit of amber) is a dicarboxylic acid.
Butanedioic Acid plays a biochemical role in the citric acid cycle.
Physical properties
At room temperature, pure succinic acid is a solid that forms colorless, odorless crystals.
Butanedioic Acid has a melting point of 185 °C and a boiling point of 235 °C.
Butanedioic Acid is a diprotic acid. The carboxylate anion is called 'succinate and esters of succinic acid are called alkyl succinates.
Butanedioic Acid acts as a leaching agent in extracting lithium, cobalt from used Li-ion batteries and magnesium from magnesite ore.
Butanedioic Acid is used as a starting material in the synthesis of new elastic polyesters, fumaric acid, succinic anhydride and alkyd resins.
Butanedioic Acid plays an important role as an acidity regulator in the food and beverage industry, as an excipient in pharmaceutical products and acts as a cocrystallising agent in organic synthesis.
Butanedioic Acids derivative viz diethyl ester is used as a substrate in the Stobbe condensation.
Succinic acid (butanedioic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid that occurs naturally in plant and animal tissues. The chemical is also known as “Spirit of Amber.” When it was first discovered, it was extracted from amber by pulverizing and distilling it using a sand bath.
Butanedioic Acid was primarily used externally for rheumatic aches and pains.
Butanedioic Acid is a diprotic, dicarboxylic acid that readily ionizes in aqueous solutions to form succinate. In living organisms, succinate plays a key role as a metabolic intermediate that links cellular metabolism to the regulation of cellular function.
Butanedioic Acid is an acidulant that is commercially prepared by the hydrogenation of maleic or fumaric acid.
Butanedioic Acid is a nonhygroscopic acid but is more soluble in 25°c water than fumaric and adipic acid.
Butanedioic Acid has low acid strength and slow taste build-up; it is not a substitute for normal acidulants.
Butanedioic Acid combines with proteins in modifying the plasticity of bread dough.
Butanedioic Acid functions as an acidulant and flavor enhancer in relishes, beverages, and hot sausages.
General Description
White crystals or shiny white odorless crystalline powder. pH of 0.1 molar solution: 2.7. Very acid taste
Description
Succinic acid (butanedioic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid.
Butanedioic Acid is a common intermediate in the metabolic pathway of several anaerobic and facultative micro-organisms.
Butanedioic Acid is used as a dietary supplement for symptoms related to menopause such as hot flashes and irritability.
Butanedioic Acid is used as a flavoring agent for food and beverages.
Butanedioic Acid is used to manufacture polyurethanes, paints and coatings, adhesives, sealants, artificial leathers, cosmetics and personal care products, biodegradable plastics, nylons, industrial lubricants, phthalate-free plasticizers, and dyes & pigments. In the pharmaceutical industry, it is used in the preparation of active calcium succinate, as a starting material for active pharmaceutical ingredients (adipic acid, N-methyl pyrrolidinone, 2-pyrrolidinone, succinate salts, etc.), as an additive in drug formation, for medicines of sedative, antispasmer, antiplegm, antiphogistic, anrhoter, contraception and cancer curing, in the preparation of vitamin A and anti-Inflammatory, and as antidote for toxic substance.
Chemical Properties
Butanedioic Acid is a normal constituent of almost all plant and animal tissues. Butanedioic Acid anhydride is the dehydration product of the acid.
Butanedioic Acid was first obtained as the distillate from amber (Latin, Succinum) for which it is named.
Butanedioic Acid occurs in beet, brocoli, rhubarb, sauerkraut, cheese, meat, molasses, eggs, peat, coal, fruits, honey, and urine (Gardner, 1972; Winstrom, 1978; Doores, 1989).
Butanedioic Acid is formed by the chemical and biochemical oxidation of fats, by alcoholic fermentation of sugar, and in numerous catalyzed oxidation processes.
Butanedioic Acid is also a major byproduct in the manufacture of adipic acid.
Butanedioic Acid, a dicarboxylic acid, is a relatively new nonhygroscopic product approved for food uses.
Butanedioic Acids apparent taste characteristics in foods appear to be very similar to the other acidulants of this type, although pure aqueous solutions tend to have a slightly bitter taste (Monsanto Chemical Co, 1970; Gardner, 1972).
Butanedioic Acid, in contrast, is the only commercially available anhydride for food uses.
Butanedioic Acid (COOH(CH2)2COOH) is a carboxylic acid used in food (as an acidulant), pharmaceutical (as an excipient), personal care (soaps) and chemical (pesticides, dyes and lacquers) industries. Bio-based succinic acid is seen as an important platform chemical for the production of biodegradable plastics and as a substitute of several chemicals (such as adipic acid).
Butanedioic Acid is widely used in the food industry as a chelating agent and as a pH adjuster. The FDA has granted Succinic Acid with the GRAS status (Generally Recognised as Safe Substance).
Butanedioic Acid is also used as an intermediate to manufacture several chemicals, amongst which raw materials for the cosmetic and personal-care industry, e.g. emollients, surfactants and emulsifiers.
IUPAC names
1,4-Butanedioic acid
Butanedioic Acid
Butanedioic acid
butanedioic acid
Ethanedicarboxylic acid
Succinic
SUCCINIC ACID
Succinic Acid
Succinic acid
succinic acid
Succinic Acid
SYNONYMS:
1,2-Ethanedicarboxylate
1,2-Ethanedicarboxylic acid
1,4-Butanedioate
1,4-Butanedioic acid
Amber acid
Asuccin
butanedioic acid, ion(2-)
Dihydrofumarate
Dihydrofumaric acid
Katasuccin
Succinate
Wormwood acid
Acide butanedioique
Acide succinique
Acidum succinicum
Bernsteinsaeure
Butandisaeure
Butanedionic acid
e363
Ethylenesuccinic acid
HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH
Spirit OF amber
Butanedionate
Ethylenesuccinate
2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose
D-GlcNAc
N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine
N-Acetylchitosamine
N Acetyl D glucosamine
2 Acetamido 2 deoxy D glucose
2 Acetamido 2 deoxyglucose
2-Acetamido-2-deoxyglucose
Acetylglucosamine
1,2 Ethanedicarboxylic acid
1,4 Butanedioic acid
Potassium succinate
Succinate, ammonium
Butanedioic acid
Succinate, potassium
Ammonium succinate
