PRODUCTS

BUTYL RUBBER

BUTYL RUBBER = IIR = ISOBUTYLENE ISOPRENE RUBBER

CAS Number: 9010-85-9
Molecular Formula: (C4H8)m(C4H8)n

Butyl rubber, sometimes just called "butyl", is a synthetic rubber, a copolymer of isobutylene with isoprene.
Butyl rubber is a copolymer of isobutylene with a small amount of isoprene.
Butyl rubber have relatively low strength and tend to exhibit creep under load.

Butyl rubber is poly(methylpropene-co-2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) or poly(isobutylene-co-isoprene).
Butyl rubber (IIR), also called isobutylene-isoprene rubber, a synthetic rubber produced by copolymerizing isobutylene with small amounts of isoprene.

Valued for Butyl rubber's chemical inertness, impermeability to gases, and weatherability, butyl rubber is employed in the inner linings of automobile tires and in other specialty applications.

Butyl rubber shows an unusually low rate of molecular motion well above the glass transition temperature (the temperature above which the molecules are no longer frozen in a rigid, glassy state).

Bromine or chlorine can be added to the small isoprene fraction of Butyl rubber to make BIIR or CIIR (known as halobutyls).
The properties of these polymers are similar to those of IIR, but they can be cured more rapidly and with different and smaller amounts of curative agents.

As a result, BIIR and CIIR can be cocured more readily in contact with other elastomers making up a rubber product.
Butyl rubber is a synthetic polymer, a copolymer of isobutylene with isoprene.
The key advantages butyl rubber offers is superlative air-barrier performance with superior flex properties.

Butyl rubber offers matchless ozone & weather resistance along with heat stability.
Butyl rubber is a product, which is maintaned after copolymerization of isobutylene and isoprene.
Butyl rubber has milk-white color.

Butyl rubber's key features are high impermeability, resistance to heat and ozone and energy absorption.
butyl rubber is a copolymer of isobutylene and a small amount of isoprene, providing for a highly saturated backbone.

Butyl rubber is easily processed with a high performance in sealing, low wear resistance, good bending properties, and good ozone resistance.

Natural rubber and synthetic rubber are used in quite a lot of fields with different products.
Sealing properties against gases are high as well as its resistance to air and ozone.
The butyl rubber, which is resistant to chemicals and high temperature, has good booling properties.

Butyl rubber also gives good booling results with unsaturated rubber varieties.
Permeability, vibration resistance, and wear resistance are high.
Butyl rubber is classified into three groups: X_Butyl TM BB 2030, X_Butyl TM BB 2040 and X_Butyl TM BB X2.

Butyl rubber is caused by the reaction of the butyl rubber with the bromine.
Butyl rubber mainly consists of saturated polyisobutylene.
Butyl rubber has a perfect aging balance.

Rubber tubes are ideal for gas and liquid permeability in tubes, hoses, seals, and membranes.
Butyl rubber has a high resistance against the heat.
The typical working temperature range of butyl rubber products is -50°C (-25°C) to +120°C.

Butyl rubber, also known as Isobutylene-isoprene (IIR), is a synthetic elastomer produced by low temperature cationic copolymerization of 1,1-dimethylethylene (isobutylene) with about 0.5 to 2 percent 1-methyl-1-butenylene (isoprene) using Lewis catalysts in chlorocarbon solvents.

The isoprene provides the necessary unsaturation sites for crosslinking (vulcanization).
Butyl rubber can be vulcanized with sulfur. However, the low level of unsaturation requires more acitve accelerators such as dithocarbamate and thiuram.

Butyl rubber can also be vulcanized by quinone dioxime and related compounds.
Butyl rubbers are sometimes blended with other ingredients such as oils, fillers, and antioxidants, which allows for a versatile variation of the thermophysical and mechanical properties.

Butyl rubber (IIR) has outstanding resistance to attack by oxygen and ozone, and good chemical resistance to a large number of organic and inorganic media.
Due to the absence of double bonds in the backbone, Butyl rubber products can withstand prolonged exposure to heat, and are usually stable in dilute acids and alkalis.

Butyl rubber has exceptional low gas and moisture permeability which makes it ideal for inner tubes and high pressure/vacuum applications under demanding conditions.
Butyl rubber elastomers are sometimes halogenated with chlorine or bromine to improve their resistance to certain chemical media, but at the expense of electrical insulation and moisture resistance.

The introduction of halogen also increases the reactivity of the unvulcanized rubber and improves adhesion to other unsaturated rubbers.
Butyl rubber is a synthetic elastomer made by combining isobutylene and isoprene.

Butyl rubber was the first rubber to be synthesized.
Butyl rubber has good shock absorption characteristics and low moisture and gas permeability and is used in many commercial applications.

Butyl rubber, or polyisobutylene, is a vinyl elastomer very similar to polyethylene and polypropylene in its structure, except that every other carbon atom is substituted with two methyl groups rather than one.
Butyl rubber is made by a process called cationic vinyl polymerization from the monomer isobutylene.

Usually, 1-2% isoprene is added to the isobutylene.
The reaction is very fast so Butyl rubber is usually synthesized at very low temperatures.
The addition of isoprene creates double bonds that allow the material to be crosslinked by vulcanization, just like natural rubber.

This was an important step in making the original material useful during World War II as a substitute for natural rubber in the manufacturing of tires and tank treads.
Polyisobutylene was first synthesized in 1931 and developed into butyl rubber in 1937.

Curing rates improved in the 1960s with the development of halogenated, chlorinated, and brominated forms.
These forms are often abbreviated as CIIR (for chlorinated isobutylene isoprene rubber) and BIIR (for brominated isobutylene isoprene rubber).

Butyl rubber is available as slabs, sheets, and tapes, and as an adhesive/sealant in tubes.
Butyl rubber can be molded (by transfer, injection, and compression molding processes) and extruded.
Compared with natural rubber, butyl rubber is costlier due to more complex processing requirements.

Some anecdotal discussion exists regarding natural vs. butyl rubber motorcycle tire tubes, as the natural rubber is said to have better puncture resistance and tear strength but butyl rubber tubes can go longer between airings.
Butyl rubber is a vinyl elastomer.

Butyl rubber has a similar structure to polypropylene and polyethylene.
The process of Butyl rubber's formation is called cationic vinyl polymerization and is formed from the monomer of isobutylene.

The reaction is usually carried out under low temperatures, the reason being that Butyl rubber's process is very fast.
The double bonds are created through the addition of isoprene making it crosslinked through vulcanization, and further exhibiting a nature similar to natural rubber.

With the development of its halogenated, chlorinated and brominated forms, the curing rates were improved in the 1960s.
Charles Goodyear did the invention of the process of vulcanization in 1839.
It is a process for thermosetting, which allows vulcanization after product formation.

The element, which is used in making the inner tubes of balls, gloves and other such elements, is butyl rubber.
Butyl rubber is formed with the combination of isoprene and isobutylene.
Another name for Butyl rubber is IIR which means Isobutylene Isoprene Rubber.

Butyl rubber's commercialization took place in 1943, making it the first rubber that was synthesized.
Butyl rubber also serves the use as a sealant to insulate the windows.
Butyl rubber has all but replaced the gum of the Chicle tree except in a few specialty, natural products.

There have been some efforts to collect used chewing gum and recycle it into new products.
Definition of butyl rubber is any of a class of synthetic rubbers that are made by copolymerizing isobutylene with a small amount usually of isoprene at low temperature

Butyl rubber is a copolymer of isoprene (minor) and isobutylene.
Chlorobutyl (CIIR) and Bromobutyl (BIIR) contains 1.2% of the halogen.
The halogen addition changes the cure characteristics and can improve adhesion.

Butyl rubber resists degradation by fats/oils/greases and ozone and other strong oxidizing chemicals.
Butyl rubber is attacked by petrochemical solvents including aromatics.
A synthetic rubber made by the polymerization of isobutene and isoprenesynthetic rubber made by polymerizing isobutylene.

A synthetic rubber produced by copolymerization of a butylene with isoprene, nearly impermeable to air and used in tires, inner tubes, and insulation.
Butyl rubber sheeting (IIR) is a high performing, synthetic elastomer manufactured from a blend of isobutylene and isoprene.

Butyl rubber offers excellent thermal stability along with resistance to ageing, ultra-violet light and weathering, making Butyl rubber suitable for a range of indoor and outdoor applications.

The highly impermeable structure of Butyl rubber makes the material a popular option in applications that require air retention or the sealing of gas and compressed air.
Available to purchase in rolls, strips or cut to size sheets, Butyl rubber sheet is commonly manufactured into gaskets and seals due to the specific properties it provides.

Butyl rubber offers some special capabilities to make it a potential option for applications that need quality sealing, lining, mounting, or more.
Butyl rubber is both incredibly durable and flexible, making it a natural solution for anyone in need of rubber parts that can endure regular agitation while maintaining seals, support, and other key tasks.

In addition to tremendous shock absorption, Butyl rubber features exceptionally low gas and moisture permeability and outstanding resistance to heat, aging, weather, ozone, chemical attack, flexing, abrasion, and tearing.
Butyl rubber is resistant to phosphate ester based hydraulic fluids, is puncture resistant, and has excellent electrical insulation performance.

Butyl rubber, also known as isobutylene isoprene, resists sunlight, ozone, and water.
Butyl rubber is among the most widely used commercially available synthetic elastomers in use today.
Butyl rubber offers a multitude of solutions and is used in a variety of industry applications.

Butyl rubber offers excellent weathering, UV and aging resistance.
Butyl rubber is suitable for both indoor and outdoor applications.
Butyl rubber also provides excellent sealing against air, water and dust migration.

Butyl rubber has a shore hardness of 65° ± 5° and consists of a smooth finish on both sides.
Butyl rubber is a highly resistant material and is used within a number of key industries, including industrial, commercial vehicle and construction, for a variety of solutions.

Providing excellent sealing (gas/compressed air) and anti-vibration/NVH solution for a number of key applications.
However, Butyl rubber is not recommended for use with oils, petroleum and a variety of mineral solvents.
Butyl Rubber (IIR) is a synthetic rubber, a copolymer of isobutylene (98%) with isoprene.

The abbreviation IIR stands for Isobutylene Isoprene Rubber (IIR). Butyl rubber (IIR) is characterized by its excellent resistance to ozone.
Butyl rubber can be compounded with fillers and other modifiers and then vulcanized into practical rubber products.

Butyl rubber (IIR) is highly resistant to oxygen, ozone, and solutions of acids, alkalis and salt.
The typical working temperature range of Butyl rubber (IIR) products is -50°C / -25°C to +120°C.
Also called isobutylene-isoprene rubber (IIR), Butyl Rubber is impermeable to gases, resistant to water, steam and weathering.

Butyl rubber was commercialised in the early 1940s with its first ever application being the construction of tyre inner tubes.
Butyl Rubber has excellent resistance to oxygenated solvents such as Ketones and alcohols.
Butyl rubber is also able counteract the effects of alkalis, flexing and abrasion.

Butyl rubber is also able to withstand exposure to oxygen/ ozone and chemicals.
A typical working temperature range for this material would be between -50 and 120º
Butyl rubber is a synthetic rubber valued for Butyl rubber's low gas and moisture permeability and vibration dampening.

Molded butyl rubber also has good resistance to heat aging, abrasion and tearing, and can be a good electrical insulator.
Butyl rubber is chemical-based, meaning Butyl rubber is a synthetic polymer.
Butyl rubber in particular is produced by reacting bromine and chlorine.

Butyl rubber is one of many different types of synthetic rubbers.
Both are synthetic rubbers, but the difference between butyl rubber and EPDM rubber is the polymers used to create both.
Butyl rubber is produced by reacting bromine and chlorine while EPDM rubber is produced using ethylene.

Butyl rubber has exceptionally low permeability, but no, this does not make it fully impermeable.
Like most synthetic rubbers, there are two kinds of butyl rubber, regular and halogenated.
Regular butyl rubber is prepared using a standard formula “polymerizing isobutylene and a conjugated diolefin.”

Tweaking the formula to create halogenated butyl rubber improves heat resistance and some chemical resistance.
Butyl rubber also increases the price of the rubber and makes processing more challenging.
Butyl rubber can be as hard as you want when it is created.

Butyl rubber can burn if conditions are hot enough.
However, you can formulate a butyl that does not burn if you add flame retardant elements to the formula.
Butyl rubber does stretch.

The degree to which it stretches depends on formulation.
You can change up the recipe to make butyl rubber as elastic or inelastic as is necessary.
The lifespan of butyl rubber depends on where Butyl rubber is stored and used with time.

If Butyl rubber is used for a dynamic application where Butyl rubber is often used or shaken around, Butyl rubber will not last as long as a static application.
Butyl rubber stored in a cool, dry place will also last longer than the same material that is exposed to elements like sunlight, varying temperatures, moisture, etc.

Butyl rubber —also known as polyisobutylene and PIB (C4H8)n is a synthetic rubber, a homopolymer of 2-methyl-1-propene.
Butyl rubber is produced by polymerization of about 98% of isobutylene with about 2% of isoprene.
Structurally, Butyl rubber resembles polypropylene, having two methyl groups substituted on every other carbon atom.

Butyl rubber has excellent impermeability, and the long polyisobutylene segments of its polymer chains give it good flex properties.
Butyl rubber is a colorless to light yellow viscoelastic material.

Butyl rubber is generally odorless and tasteless, though it may exhibit a slight characteristic odor.
The formula is: -(-CH2-C(CH3)2-)n-
Butyl rubber can be made from the monomer isobutylene or CH2=C(CH3)2 via radical polymerization, cationic addition polymerization & anionic addition polymerization routes.

A synthetic rubber, or elastomer, polyisobutylene is impermeable to air and used in many applications requiring an airtight rubber.
Butyl rubber is one of the most robust elastomers when subjected to chemical warfare agents and decontamination materials.
Butyl rubber is a harder and less porous material than other elastomers, such as natural rubber or silicone, but still has enough elasticity to form an airtight seal.

Many varieties of chewing gum utilize food-grade butyl rubber as the central gum base.
Butyl Rubber typically contains about 98% polyisobutylene with 2% isoprene distributed randomly in the polymer chain.
To achieve high molecular weight, the reaction must be controlled at low temperatures (-90 to -100 deg C).

The reaction is highly exothermic.
The most commonly used polymerization process uses methyl chloride as the reaction diluent and boiling liquid ethylene to remove the heat of reaction and maintain the needed temperature.

It is also possible to polymerize butyl in alkane solutions and in bulk reaction.
Butyl rubber is a synthetic rubber, a copolymer of isobutylene with isoprene.
The abbreviation IIR stands for Isobutylene Isoprene Rubber.

Butyl rubber , also known as "PIB" or polyisobutene, (C4H8)n, is the homopolymer of isobutylene, or 2-methyl-1-propene, on which butyl rubber is based.
Structurally, Butyl rubber resembles polypropylene, having two methyl groups substituted on every other carbon atom.

Butyl rubber is a colourless to light yellow viscoelastic material.
Butyl rubber is generally odorless and tasteless, though it may exhibit a slight characteristic odor.
A synthetic rubber, or elastomer, butyl rubber is impermeable to air and used in many applications requiring an airtight rubber.

Butyl rubber was first developed by the BASF unit of IG Farben in 1931 and sold under the trade name Oppanol B.
Butyl rubber was later developed into butyl rubber in 1937, by researchers William J. Sparks and Robert M. Thomas, at Standard Oil of New Jersey's Linden, N.J., laboratory.

In 1950s and 1960s, halogenated butyl rubber (halobutyl) was developed, in its chlorinated (chlorobutyl) and brominated (bromobutyl) variants, providing significantly higher curing rates and allowing covulcanization with other rubbers such as natural rubber and styrene-butadiene rubber.

First commercialized in 1943, the primary attributes of butyl rubber are excellent - impermeability/air retention and good flex properties, resulting from low levels of unsaturation between long polyisobutylene segments.
Tyre innertubes were the first major use of butyl rubber, and this continues to be a significant market today.

Butyl rubber is a copolymer of isobutene and a small proportion of isoprene (0,5-3%).
This provides a double-bond to the polymer and permits curing with sulfur and other curing systems.
Butyl rubber is not cured with peroxide since this tends to break down the rubber.

Like EPDM Butyl rubber possess good resistance to chemicals, polar fluids and ozone as well as good electrical insulation.
Other special properties of Butyl rubber are low gas and moisture permeability and high shock absorption.
These properties have made butyl rubber the polymer choice in a variety of applications.

When butyl rubber was first introduced, Butyl rubber was predominately used for tire inner tubes, but today the possibilities for this elastomer material have expanded to an assortment of industrial and commercial applications.
Butyl rubber is one of many rubber materials available at Atlantic Gasket Corporation.

Properties unique to butyl include air tight and gas impermeable sealing, while more general properties include excellent resistance to acid and alkali, good weathering and ozone resistance.
Butyl rubber is a synthetic rubber, a copolymer of isobutylene with isoprene.

The abbreviation IIR stands for Isobutylene Isoprene Rubber.
A synthetic rubber, or elastomer, butyl rubber is impermeable to air and used in many applications requiring an airtight rubber.

The first major application of butyl rubber was tire inner tubes and is used in lining tubeless tires.
Butyl rubber is a good general purpose rubber for low gas and moisture permeability, resistance to ozone, weather, abrasion, tear, flexing, heat aging, and chemical attack.

Butyl rubber also has good electrical insulation performance and high shock absorption characteristics.
These properties have made butyl rubber the polymer choice in a variety of applications.
Butyl rubber (isobutylene, isoprene rubber, IIR) has a very low permeability rate and good electrical properties.

A synthetic rubber made by polymerizing isobutylene and isoprene.
Gloves made of butyl rubber, nitrile, and fluoride-containing hydrocarbon polymer have been shown to provide adequate protection from glutaraldehyde.

Butyl Rubber is an elastomer-based sealant for use on many dissimilar building surfaces.
Butyl rubber has exceptional adhesion to common construction surfaces such as metal, glass, wood, brick, stone and paint.
Butyl rubber, also known as polyisobutylene is a synthetic rubber or elastomer.

Butyl rubber was first developed in the 1940’s by German chemists and commercialised in 1943.
The typical composition of butyl rubber is approximately 98% polyisobutylene, with the balance being isoprene.
The isoprene units contain a double bond that provides a site for crosslinking during vulcanisation and are located randomly in the polymer chain.

Butyl rubber has a structure similar to polyetyhylene, except that each second carbon atom in the polymer chain is bonded to two methyl (CH3) groups.
Butyl rubber is derived from the monomer isobutylene.

Butyl rubber is a synthetic rubber, a copolymer of isobutylene with isoprene.
Butyl rubber is a good choice for shock absorption and has exceptionally low gas and moisture permeability and outstanding resistance to heat, aging, weather, ozone, chemical attack, flexing, abrasion, and tearing.

Butyl rubber is resistant to phosphate ester based hydraulic fluids, and has excellent electrical insulation performance.
Butyl rubber (IIR), the chemical name of which is Isobutylene-isoprene copolymer is actually the copolymer of isobutylene and a small amount of isoprene.

Also known as polyisobutylene, Butyl rubber was first commercialized in 1943.
Resulting from low levels of unsaturation between long polyisobutylene segments, the primary quialities of butyl rubber are excellent impermeability or air retention and good flexible properties.

The first major use of butyl rubber was Tire innertubes, and this continues to be a significant market today.
A copolymer of isobutene and isoprene, used in tyres and as a waterproofing material
Butyl rubber manufactures high grade commercial butyl rubber available in .019 – .5” thicknesses and conforming to Type BA.

Made from a blend of isobutylene with isoprene polymers, butyl rubber is an excellent general purpose material that can be used for many applications.
Butyl rubber is a great option for shock absorption applications. Butyl rubber offers exceptionally low gas and moisture permeability in addition to outstanding heat, weather, ozone and age resistance.

Butyl rubber also protects against chemical attack, flexing, abrasion and tearing.
Butyl rubber provides good chemical resistance and holds up in most industrial applications.
Butyl rubber is known for Butyl rubber's excellent shock dampening ability and commonly used in applications that require gas permeability and high temperature tolerances.

Butyl rubber also offers excellent electrical insulation performance properties.
Provides an insulated, watertight seal for areas exposed to the elements.
Butyl Rubber is a synthetic rubber, a copolymer of isobutylene with isoprene.

Butyl rubber is impermeable to air and used in many applications requiring an airtight rubber.
Butyl Rubber has good flex properties, resulting from low levels of unsaturation between long poly isobutylene segments.
Butyl rubber also has a high level of heat resistance and excellent low-temperature flexibility.

Butyl rubber is obtained by co-polymerization of isobutylene and isoprene which come from petroleum.
Butyl rubber has a very good impermeability to gas and steam, good resistance to oxidization, ozone, acid and base but poor mechanical properties.

Butyl rubber are therefore used for packing very high hygroscopic powders or lyophilized products or highly oxidizable items.
Butyl rubber, also known as IIR (isobutylene-isoprene rubber), refers to a versatile synthetic rubber, produced by the polymerization of over 98% of isobutylene with 2% of isoprene.

The versatile material is ideal for shock absorption, offers low moisture and gas permeability, and is highly resistant to weather, ozone, tearing, and chemical corrosion.
Butyl rubber’s primary properties are excellent air-barrier performance, good flex fatigue and vibration damping.

Butyl rubber properties are valued across a range of rubber products.
Butyl rubbers have outstanding impermeability to gases and excellent oxidation and ozone resistance.
The chemical inertness is further reflected in lack of molecular-weight breakdown during processing, thus permitting the use of hot-mixing techniques for better polymer/filler interaction.

Flex, tear, and abrasion resistance approach those of natural rubber, and moderate-strength (14.3 MPa) unreinforced compounds can be made at a competitive cost.
Butyl rubber is superior to natural rubber and sty-rene-butadiene resin (SBR) in resistance to aging and weathering, sunlight, heat, air, ozone and O2, chemicals, flexing and cut-growth, and in impermeability to gases and moisture.

Butyl rubber also has excellent dielectric properties.
In many of its performance properties butyl corresponds to the more expensive synthetics such as the polychloroprenes (neo-prene), the polysulfides, and the various nitrile copolymers, although like natural rubber and SBR, butyl alone is neither oil and grease nor flame resistant.

In common with other synthetics, Butyl rubber has advantages of uniformity and freedom from foreign matter, as compared with natural rubber.
Butyl rubber has relatively high hysteresis loss, and thus unique dynamic properties that make it the preferred rubber in applications requiring shock, vibration, and sound absorption.

The resistance of Butyl rubber to weathering and to cutting and chipping has been demonstrated in off-the-road machinery and farm tractor tires.
Butyl rubber's resistance weathering, sunlight, and ozone has opened many applications in automotive weatherstrips, windshield gaskets, curtain-wall gaskets and scalers, caulking compounds, and the like.

Butyl rubber (also known as Isobutylene-isoprene) is impermeable to air and used in many applications requiring airtight rubber.
Butyl rubber has outstanding resistance to gases, vapors, heat aging, oxygen, ozone, sunlight, abrasion and tearing.

Butyl rubber has excellent resistance to alkalis and acids and is good for electrical insulation.
A synthetic rubber made by the polymerization of isobutene and isoprene.
Synthetic rubber made by polymerizing isobutylene.

Butyl rubber, sometimes just called "butyl", is a synthetic rubber, a copolymer of isobutylene with isoprene.
The abbreviation IIR stands for isobutylene isoprene rubber.
Butyl rubber , also known as "PIB" or polyisobutene, (C4H8)n, is the homopolymer of isobutylene, or 2-methyl-1-propene, on which butyl rubber is based.

Butyl rubber is produced by polymerization of about 98% of isobutylene with about 2% of isoprene.
Structurally, polyisobutylene resembles polypropylene, but has two methyl groups substituted on every other carbon atom, rather than one.

Butyl rubber is a colorless to light yellow viscoelastic material. It is generally odorless and tasteless, though it may exhibit a slight characteristic odor.
Butyl rubber has excellent impermeability, and the long polyisobutylene segments of its polymer chains give Butyl rubber good flex properties.

Butyl rubber is a synthetic rubber, a copolymer of isobutylene with isoprene.
Butyl rubber is a colorless to light yellow viscoelastic material. It is generally odorless and tasteless, though it may exhibit a slight characteristic odor.

Butyl rubber has excellent impermeability, and the long polyisobutylene segments of its polymer chains give it good flex properties.
A synthetic rubber, or elastomer, butyl rubber is impermeable to air and used in many applications requiring an airtight rubber.

The first major application of butyl rubber was tire inner tubes.
Butyl rubber is a synthetic rubber compound or copolymer composed of isobutylene and isoprene.
Butyl rubber is a chemical compound consisting of methyl and propylene while isoprene, consisting of menthyl and butadiene, makes the rubber unsaturated and able to vulcanize.

Butyl rubber is one of the commonly-used synthetic rubber compounds on the market.
Butyl rubber resists abrasion, oxidation, corrosion, and gas permeation, which allows Butyl rubber to prevent the leakage of gas.

Butyl rubber has a high dielectric strength.
Butyl rubber is a copolymer or isobutylene and a small percentage of isoprene and has a very low permeability to air and other gases.

Butyl rubber has excellent resistance to ozone, oxidation and sunlight, with an excellent temperature range of -45° C to + 130° C.
Butyl rubber has a very low resilience, which makes it ideal for vibration damping and shock absorption applications but offer a moderate resistance to abrasion and compression set.

With careful compounding, Butyl rubber compound can be made to acquire really good tensile strength.
Butyl rubber is resistant to most inorganic products and highly resistant to mineral acids, alkaline and aqueous acids.
Butyl rubber is impermeable to air, moisture, and gas.

A common name for isobutylene-isoprene elastomer.
Butyl rubber was originally the trademark [Standard Oil Co.] for a rubber developed in the 1930s.
Butyl rubber was made by the polymerization of butylene and isoprene.

Butyl rubbers are less permeable to air and gas than natural rubber.
Butyl rubber are more resistant to sunlight and weathering but will dissolve in oils and hydrocarbon solvents.
Butyl Rubber is a synthetic rubber, a copolymer of isobutylene with isoprene.

Butyl rubber (IIR) is the copolymer of isobutylene and a small amount of isoprene.
First commercialized in 1943, the primary attributes of butyl rubber are excellent impermeability/air retention and good flex properties, resulting from low levels of unsaturation between long polyisobutylene segments.

Tire innertubes were the first major use of butyl rubber, and this continues to be a significant market today.
The development of halogenated butyl rubber (halobutyl) in the 1950’s and 1960’s greatly extended the usefulness of butyl by providing much higher curing rates and enabling co-vulcanization with general purpose rubbers such as natural rubber and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR).

These properties permitted development of more durable tubeless tires with the air retaining innerliner chemically bonded to the body of the tire.
Butyl rubber is typically produced by the cationic copolymerization of isobutylene with isoprene in the presence of a

Friedel-Crafts catalyst at low temperature, around -100°C.
Reacting a hexane solution of butyl rubber with elemental bromine or chlorine produces halogenated butyl rubber.
In 2009, ExxonMobil announced the development of new breakthrough technology that enables a higher reaction temperature and other improvements for the efficient production of IIR.

The bulk of butyl rubber is made by a slurry process using aluminum chloride at 98–99°C and methyl chloride as a diluent.
The extremely rapid reaction is unique, and proceeds via cationic polymerization to completion at 100°C in less than a second.

Butyl rubber may be vulcanized by three basic methods: accelerated sulfur vulcanization, cross-linking with dioxime and related dinitroso compounds, and polymethylol– phenol resin cure.
Butyl rubber, also known as IIR (isobutylene isoprene rubber), is produced by polymerization of 98 wt% isobutylene (IB) with
about 2 wt% isoprene (IP).

A synthetic copolymer containing from 0.5 to 2.0 molar percent of isoprene, the remainder, respectively, consisting of isobutylene.
Butyl rubber is prepared by copolymerization of isobutylene and isoprene in methyl chloride solution, using aluminum chloride as the catalyst.

After completion of polymerization, the rubber particles aretreated with hot water containing a suitable food-grade deagglomerating agent, such as stearic acid.
Finally, the coagulum is dried to remove residual volatiles.

Butyl rubber has the chemical resistance characteristic of saturated hydrocarbons.
Oxidative degradation is slow, and Butyl rubber may be further protected by incorporating antioxidants.
Butyl rubber is the major component of bulk rubber.
Butyl rubber provides good aging resistance and low gas permeability.

USES and APPLICATIONS of BUTYL RUBBER:
-As a fuel additive, Butyl rubber has detergent properties. When added to diesel fuel, Butyl rubber resists fouling of fuel injectors, leading to reduced hydrocarbon and particulate emissions.

-Butyl rubber is blended with other detergents and additives to make a "detergent package" that is added to gasoline and diesel fuel to resist buildup of deposits and engine knock.
-Butyl rubber is used in some formulations as a thickening agent.

-Explosives:
Butyl rubber is often used by the explosives industry as a binding agent in plastic explosives such as C-4.
Butyl rubber is used because it makes the explosive more insensitive to premature detonation as well as making it easier to handle and mold.

-Speakers and audio equipment:
Butyl rubber is generally used in speakers, specifically the surrounds.
The majority of modern speakers use butyl rubber, while most vintage speakers use foam.

-Sporting equipment:
Butyl rubber is used for the bladders in sporting balls (e.g. Rugby balls, footballs, basketballs, netballs) and to make bicycle inner tubes to provide a tough, airtight inner compartment.

-Damp proofing and roof repair:
Butyl rubber sealant is used for damp proofing, rubber roof repair and for maintenance of roof membranes (especially around the edges).
Butyl rubber is important to have the roof membrane fixed, as a lot of fixtures (e.g., air conditioner vents, plumbing, and other pipes) can considerably loosen it.

Rubber roofing typically refers to a specific type of roofing materials that are made of ethylene propylene diene monomers (EPDM rubber).
Butyl rubber is crucial to the integrity of such roofs to avoid using harsh abrasive materials and petroleum-based solvents for their maintenance.

-Butyl rubber is used for repairing and waterproofing metal roofs.
Polyester fabric laminated to butyl rubber binder provides a single-sided waterproof tape that can be used on metal, PVC, and cement joints.

-Gas masks and chemical agent protection:
Butyl rubber is one of the most robust elastomers when subjected to chemical warfare agents and decontamination materials.
Butyl rubber is a harder and less porous material than other elastomers, such as natural rubber or silicone, but still has enough elasticity to form an airtight seal.

While butyl rubber will break down when exposed to agents such as NH3 (ammonia) or certain solvents, Butyl rubber breaks down more slowly than comparable elastomers.
Butyl rubber is therefore used to create seals in gas masks and other protective clothing.

-Pharmaceutical stoppers:
Butyl and bromobutyl rubber are commonly used for manufacturing rubber stoppers used for sealing medicine vials and bottles.
-Recycled chewing gum has also been used as a source of recovered polyisobutylene.

-Gumdrop chewing gum collecting bin:
Most modern chewing gum uses food-grade butyl rubber as the central gum base, which contributes not only the gum's elasticity but also gives it a stubborn, sticky quality which has led some municipalities to propose taxation to cover costs of its removal.

-Tires:
Butyl rubber and halogenated rubber are used for the inner tube that holds air inside most tires.
-Insulating windows:
Butyl rubber is used as the primary seal in an insulating glass unit for commercial and residential construction providing the air and moisture seal for the unit.

Polyisobutylene can be reacted with maleic anhydride to make polyisobutenylsuccinic anhydride (PIBSA), which can then be converted into polyisobutenylsuccinimides (PIBSI) by reacting it with various ethyleneamines.
When used as an additive in lubricating oils and motor fuels, they can have a substantial effect on the properties of the oil or fuel.

Polyisobutylene added in small amounts to the lubricating oils used in machining results in a significant reduction in the generation of oil mist and thus reduces the operator's inhalation of oil mist.

-Butyl rubber is also used to clean up waterborne oil spills as part of the commercial product Elastol.
When added to crude oil it increases the oil's viscoelasticity when pulled, causing the oil to resist breakup when it is vacuumed from the surface of the water.

-Polyisobutylene and butyl rubber are used in the manufacture of adhesives, agricultural chemicals, fiber optic compounds, ball bladders, O-rings, caulks and sealants, cling film, electrical fluids, lubricants (2 stroke engine oil), paper and pulp, personal care products, pigment concentrates, for rubber and polymer modification, for protecting and sealing certain equipment for use in areas where chemical weapons are present, as a gasoline/diesel fuel additive, and chewing gum.

-A synthetic rubber, or elastomer, butyl rubber is impermeable to air and used in many applications requiring an airtight rubber.
-The first major application of butyl rubber was tire inner tubes.
This remains an important segment of Butyl rubber's market even today.

-Wallpaper, artificial leather, floor mat, anti-skid mat, yoga mat and other foaming products.
-Underbody coating, gloves, spread and dip coating, conveyor belt, florring and toy ball.
-Butyl rubber is widely used in tank linings, conveyor belts, and protective clothing and in drug locks.

-Used on tire linings and side walls
-Used in hoses, Chewing gum, Fuel and lubricant additive
-Used in tire cooking and bladders

-Used in anti-vibration and damping components
-Used in undercoat and lining
-Used in shoe and ball bladders

-Used in the pharmaceutical industry.
-Butyl rubber , identified as Brominated X-Butyl provides faster and better adhesion of the brominated butyl rubber
-Butyl rubber is used in rubber sides and inner tubes, in roof products, as fuel and lubricant additive.

-Thanks to excellent air-barrier performance, aging resistance, flex fatigue resistance and vibration damping, butyl rubber plays a crucial role across different applications, such as tire innertubes, curing bladders and envelopes, hoses, adhesives & sealants and many other rubber goods suitable for industrial and consumers applications.

-Provides consistent inflation pressure, reduction in tire Rolling resistance due to the better inflation pressure retention, leading to the potential for less fuel consumption, longer tire life and more-even wear performance, longer inner tube life due to better heat stability, enhanced tire durability, a tough, airtight inner compartment in sporting equipments.

-Tire industry, inner tubes, curing bladders, rubber-fabric materials, lining shafts, chemical equipments, heat resistant conveyor belts and hoses, seals for use in aggresive environments and high temperatures, cable industry for wire and cables, sporting equipment (bladders in sporting balls, damp proofing, roof repair, roof membranes (especially around the edges), medical stoppers (used for sealing medicine vials and bottles), food industry, conveyor belts, hoses, chewing gum.

-Butyl Rubber abbreviated as IIR (Isobutylene-Isoprene copolymer) is extensively used to manufacture tire’s Inner Tube.
-Butyl rubber, particularly known for Butyl rubber's impermeability, is produced by polymerizing isobutylene (98%) and isoprene (2%); used as tire inner tubes.

-Owing to Butyl rubber's excellent air retention, butyl rubber is the preferred material for inner tubes in all but the largest sizes.
-Butyl rubber is an elastomeric polymer used widely in adhesives and sealants, both as primary binders and as tackifiers and modifiers.

-Butyl rubber also plays an important part in the inner liners of tubeless tires.
-Butyl rubber is also used for many other automobile components, including window strips, because of its resistance to oxidation.

-Butyl rubber resistance to heat has made Butyl rubber indispensable in tire manufacture, where Butyl rubber forms the bladders that retain the steam or hot water used to vulcanize tires.
-Butyl rubber is an elastomeric polymer used widely in adhesives and sealants, both as primary binders and as tackifiers and modifiers.

-Butyl rubber's low gas permeability together with its flexibility makes Butyl rubber the ideal material for inner tubes of tires and other high pressure tubes.
-Applications of Butyl rubber include diaphragms, gaskets, wire and cable insulations, liners, O-rings, seals, weather stripping, and bottle closures.

-Butyl rubber's very low resilience makes Butyl rubber also suitable for shock absorption, vibration damping and insolation applications.
Products formulated with butyl rubber have improved chemical and heat resistance.

-Butyl rubber can be used for the same applications as EPDM elastomers because Butyl rubber has similar resistance to the same fluids as EPDM.
-Butyl rubber is used to make gaskets, hoses, O-rings, etc.

-Due to Butyl rubber's low gas and vapor permeability, butyl rubber is an important material in the manufacturing of tubeless tires, inner tubes, sports-ball bladders, glove-box gloves, etc.
-As a waterproofing material, Butyl rubber is applied as a liner in tanks and ponds.

-Butyl rubber is used as a patching material for membrane roofs and as a sealant for insulated windows.
-Combined with other chemicals, Butyl rubber makes oil and fuel additives and demisting agents for machining lubricants.
-As a vibration dampener, butyl rubber is used for shock mounts, suspension bushings, and car- and truck-body mounts.
-Speaker cone edges are often made from butyl rubber today where once they were commonly made of foam.

-Stoppers for labware and medical equipment are manufactured from the material.
-Owing to its low permeability, Butyl rubber is used in making gas masks.
-Though not as soft and compliant as silicone rubber, butyl rubber is flexible enough that Butyl rubber can achieve a good face seal.

-The Butyl rubber strip is used for car and truck body mounts, suspension bushings, and others.
-The stoppers utilized in labs and equipment are also made of Butyl rubber.
-The Butyl rubber sheet is also used for making gas masks, considering its low permeability.

-Shock mounts, Tubeless tire liners, Inner tubes, Stoppers, Sealants and adhesives, O-rings, Pond Liners, Tank Liners
-Butyl rubbers are used for numerous applications including rubber products, tire inner tubes, curing bladders, and protective clothing.

-Butyl rubbers are used for o-ring seals where low permeation rates are important for long-term aging of high-reliability devices.
-Butyl rubber, in Butyl rubber's food-grade form, is used to make chewing gum.

-Butyl rubber is used in making adhesives, agricultural chemicals, fiber optic compounds, caulks and sealants, cling film, electrical fluids, lubricants (2 cycle engine oil), paper and pulp, personal care products, pigment concentrates, for rubber and polymer modification, as a gasoline/diesel fuel additive, and even in chewing gum.

-Butyl rubber is used for several applications such as butyl rubber adhesive, the key reason being Butyl rubber's gas permeability, low moisture and shock absorption.

-Butyl rubber is used to clean up waterborne oil spills as part of the commercial product Elastol.
When added to crude oil it increases the oil's viscoelasticity when pulled; causing the oil to resist breakup when it is vacuumed from the surface of the water.

-As a fuel additive, Butyl rubber has detergent properties.
When added to diesel fuel, Butyl rubber resists fouling of fuel injectors, leading to reduced hydrocarbon and particulate emissions.

-Butyl rubber is used in some formulations as a thickening agent.
Butyl rubber is impermeable to air and Butyl rubber is normally put on the inside of basketballs to stop them deflating.

-In commercial applications, butyl rubber is commonly used for making products filled with air, like innertubes and basketball bladders.
Butyl rubber has very low gas permeability, meaning Butyl rubber does not leak air.

-Butyl rubber is often used for products that need shock or vibration absorption.
Butyl rubber is excellent for dampening vibration on a machine or engine mount.

-Butyl rubber can also be found in the pharmaceutical industry in objects like syringe stoppers.
The molecular structure of butyl rubber means the material is inert and won’t leech contaminates into delicate medical objects like syringes.

-A copolymer of isobutylene and a small amount of isoprene, Butyl rubber is regularly used in precision engineering as rubber sealants and in the industrial sector for everything from damp proofing and roofing to tyre inners and protective clothing.
-Inner-tubes, Adhesives, Caulks and sealants, lubricants, Chewing gum.

-Tires, vulcanization diaphragms, steam hoses, rubber rings, gaskets, sealants and waterproof coatings.
-Butyl rubber's wide-ranging applications include tire inner liners, medical and pharmaceutical stoppers, chewing gum, adhesives, sealants, vehicle body mounts, acid-resistant tank linings, and reservoir membranes.

-Often used as inner tubes, butyl rubber won’t allow air, fumes, or gases to pass through.
-Butyl rubber can be applied on fibre concrete, PVC, and on other types of nonporous materials.

-Thanks to Butyl rubber's versatility can be used for:
*Repairing drainpipes and joints.
*Sealing stained-glass windows, clerestories and chimney.
*Waterproofing covers and terraces.

-Liners for tubeless tyres, Inner tubes, Inner tubes for footballs, basketballs etc, Stoppers for medicine bottles and pharmaceuticals, In sealants and adhesives, O-rings, Joint replacements (biomedical), Chewing gum, Tank and pond liners, Speaker surrounds.

-Used Fuel and lubricant additive, Basketballs, Covering, electrical cord protection.
-Butyl rubber is ideal for sealing narrow openings in mobile homes, skylights and application of vapor barrier.

-Polyisobutylene and butyl rubber are used in the manufacture of adhesives, agricultural chemicals, fiber optic compounds, ball bladders, caulks and sealants, cling film, electrical fluids, lubricants (2 cycle engine oil), paper and pulp, personal care products, pigment concentrates, for rubber and polymer modification, for protecting and sealing certain equipment for use in areas where chemical weapons are present, as a gasoline/diesel fuel additive, and even in chewing gum.

-Butyl rubber is used for the bladders in basketballs, footballs, soccer balls and other inflatable balls to provide a tough, airtight inner compartment.
-Butyl rubber is used for rubber roof repair and for maintenance of roof membranes (especially around the edges).

-Butyl rubber is important to have the roof membrane fixed, as a lot of fixtures (i.e., air conditioner vents, plumbing and other pipes, etc.) can considerably loosen it.
-Butyl rubber-coated fabrics are extensively used as convertible tops, tarpaulins, outdoor furniture covers, etc.

-Butyl rubber has become the preferred material for curing bags and bladders used in the vulcanization of tires.
-Butyl rubber is also used as the inner liner in many tubeless tires, particularly truck tires, because butyl liners remain impermeable even after exposure to the heat of several successive recapping operations.

-The outstanding electrical properties of Butyl rubber, coupled with its age, ozone, and moisture resistance, have made Butyl rubber useful in many electrical applications.

-Butyl rubber's resistance to corona and tracking makes Butyl rubber a preferred insulation material for power cable, and because of its heat resistance, Butyl rubber-insulated cable can be used to carry more current than cable of equal diameter insulated with SBR or other rubbers.

-Butyl rubber is also used in electrical encapsulation compounds, as bus-way, factory wire, and communications wire insulation, and in other miscellaneous electrical applications.
-Butyl rubber has found a great many applications in the automotive transport, mechanical goods, electrical, chemical, proffed-fabric, building, and consumer-goods fields.

-The attribute responsible for the high-volume use of butyl rubber in automotive inner tubes and tubeless tire interliners is Butyl rubber's excellent permeability to air.
-Butyl rubber is used for some applications such as syringe plungers and droppers.

-Butyl Rubber is used in the manufacture of tyre inner liners, automotive tubes, pharmaceutical closures, ball bladders, adhesives, sealants, vibration mounts, electrical fluids and lubricants among others.
-Butyl rubber is widely-used in diaphragms for fluid and air sealing and liquid retention.

-Butyl rubber is also used in applications requiring ozone, oxidation, and sunlight resistance.
-Butyl Rubber is a high performance product that is ideal for sealing exterior gutters, corrugated roofing, pipes, aluminum and vinyl siding, lap joints, flashing, roof vents and drain spouts.

-Butyl rubber is highly impervious to gases, which makes Butyl rubber the rubber best suited for inner tubes and tires, air chambers, adhesives, and dielectrics.
-Butyl rubber is used mainly for tires, tubes, and tire products.

-Butyl Rubber is used in the manufacture of tyre inner liners, automotive tubes, pharmaceutical closures, ball bladders, adhesives, sealants, vibration mounts, electrical fluids and lubricants among others.
-Butyl rubbers are used in tires, inner tubes, hoses, gaskets and diaphragms.

-Butyl rubber are also used for paper coating, waterproofing textiles and as adhesives.
-Common applications include inner tubes, o-rings, stoppers for medical bottles, and pharmaceutical supplies.

-Also known as Isobutylene Isoprene, Butyl rubber are often used to make liners in tires and also fabricated into gaskets and seals for airtight containers used in the food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries.

ADVANTAGES of BUTYL RUBBER:
-One of the main advantages of butyl rubber is its excellent gas and moisture permeability.
-Excellent gas and moisture permeability
-Excellent vibration dampening / shock absorption

-Resistance to heat, UV and ozone
-Chemical/biological inertness
-Non toxic vulcanization systems

-Butyl rubber is the only known elastomer that is impervious to gases.
-Butyl rubber is flexible, with good room temperature damping characteristics.

-Butyl rubber is biocompatible, resists many acidic and alkaline chemicals, ozone, heat, and weathering, and has good aging properties.

-Butyl rubber resists attack by phosphate ester hydraulic fluids and ketones but does not do well in the presence of mineral or petroleum-based fluids, hydrocarbons, or flame.

-Butyl rubber has good electrical insulating properties. Butyl rubber is usable between -50 and 250°F but its damping characteristics diminish at higher temperatures.

-Butyl rubber remains flexible at lower temperatures.
Durometers range between 40 and 80 Shore A.

-Among all elastomers, Butyl rubber is the only one known which is impervious to gases.

-Flexibility in the material
Butyl rubber is biocompatible.
This makes it resistant to alkaline and acidic chemicals, weathering and Butyl rubber has good ageing properties.
The performance of Butyl rubber is reduced in the presence of petroleum-based fluids, minerals, hydrocarbons, and others.

-Butyl rubber offers good insulation.
The usability temperature of the Butyl rubber is between -50 to 250℉.

-Butyl rubber offers excellent flex cracking resistance
-Butyl rubber has good abrasion resistance

-The tear resistance is good
-Butyl rubber has excellent resistance towards weather and sunlight

-Butyl rubber has poor resistance to flame
-The oxidation, water, steam and ozone resistance are excellent

-The Butyl rubber tube can be formed through this easily.
The key reason for this is low gas and vapour permeability. Alongside, Butyl rubber is also used to manufacture inner tubes, gloves, ball bladders, etc.

-Excellent impermeability to most gasses, compressed air and moisture.
-Offers outstanding resistance to UV and ageing.

-Smooth plate finish on both sides as standard.
-Airtight and gas impermeable (a property unique to butyl rubbers)

-Low glass transition temperature
-Good ozone resistance

-Displays high damping at ambient temperatures
-Good weathering, heat, and chemical resistance

-Good damping capabilities
-Low permeability to gas and moisture

-High damping of low frequency vibrations
-Good ageing, heat and ozone resistance

-Resistance to acids, bases and other chemicals
-Good low temperature performance

-A low level of impurities
-Excellent sealing properties (air, dust and water migration)

-Good temperature range (- 40°C to +140°C)
-Good UV and o-zone resistance

-Good thermal insulation
-Good ageing resistance

BENEFITS of BUTYL RUBBER:
-Flexibility
-Air tight and gas impermeable (a property unique to butyl rubbers)
-Low glass transition temperature

-Good ozone resistance
-Displays high damping at ambient temperatures
-Good weathering, heat, and chemical resistance

-Good vibration damper
-Biocompatible
-Age resistance

-Low permeability to air, gases and moisture
-Vibration damping
-Low glass transition temperature

-Low modulus elastomer
-Low compression set
-Resistance to aging and to weathering from atmospheric exposure

-Wide vulcanization versatility
-Fast cure rates
-Processing safety: no nitrosamines or nitrosamines precursors

-Broad range of durometer and tensile strength properties
-Low filler content for specific gravity, cost-effective compounding

PROCESSING AND VULCANIZATION of BUTYL RUBBER:
For most applications, butyl rubber must be compounded and vulcanized to yield useful, durable end use products.
This is same for all other rubbers as well.
Grades of Butyl are developed to meet specific processing and property needs, and hence a range of molecular weights, unsaturation, and cure rates are available commercially.

Both the end use properties and the processing equipment are important in determining the right grade of Butyl to be used in a specific application.
The selection and ratios of the proper fillers, stabilizers, processing aids and curatives play vital roles in both how the compound will process and how the end product will behave.

Butyl rubber is formed by a process called cationic vinyl polymerisation and is highly exothermic.
It involved the use of an initiator or cation, which attracts a pair of electrons from the carbon-carbon double bond, thus forming a single bond with the initiator.

One of the carbons, previously double bonded is now positively charged and will react with another monomer, similarly to the initiator.
The process is repeated the polymer is formed.

The polymerisation reaction is usually carried out at temperatures in the range –100°C to control the reaction rate.
At higher temperatures, the reaction proceeds too fast to control.

HISTORY of BUTYL RUBBER:
Isobutylene was discovered by Michael Faraday in 1825.
Polyisobutylene (PIB) was first developed by the BASF unit of IG Farben in 1931 using a boron trifluoride catalyst at low temperatures and sold under the trade name Oppanol B.

PIB remains a core business for BASF to this day.
It was later developed into butyl rubber in 1937, by researchers William J. Sparks and Robert M. Thomas, at Standard Oil of New Jersey's Linden, N.J., laboratory.

Today, the majority of the global supply of butyl rubber is produced by two companies, ExxonMobil (one of the descendants of Standard Oil) and Polymer Corporation, a Canadian federal crown corporation established in 1942 to produce artificial rubber to substitute for overseas supply cut off by World War II.

It was renamed Polysar in 1976 and the rubber component became a subsidiary, Polysar Rubber Corp.
The company was privatized in 1988 with its sale to NOVA Corp which, in turn, sold Polysar Rubber in 1990 to Bayer AG of Germany.
In 2005 Bayer AG spun off chemical divisions, including most of the Sarnia site, creating LANXESS AG, also of Germany.

PIB homopolymers of high molecular weight (100,000–400,000 or more) are polyolefin elastomers: tough extensible rubber-like materials over a wide temperature range; with low density (0.913–0.920), low permeability and excellent electrical properties.

In the 1950s and 1960s, halogenated butyl rubber (halobutyl) was developed, in its chlorinated (chlorobutyl) and brominated (bromobutyl) variants, providing significantly higher curing rates and allowing covulcanization with other rubbers such as natural rubber and styrene-butadiene rubber.

Halobutyl is today the most important material for the inner linings of tubeless tires.
Francis P. Baldwin received the 1979 Charles Goodyear Medal for the many patents he held for these developments.

Butyl rubber was first produced by American chemists William Sparks and Robert Thomas at the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey (now Exxon Corporation) in 1937.
Earlier attempts to produce synthetic rubbers had involved the polymerization of dienes (hydrocarbon molecules containing two
carbon-carbon double bonds) such as isoprene and butadiene.

Sparks and Thomas defied convention by copolymerizing isobutylene, an olefin (hydrocarbon molecules containing only one carbon-carbon double bond) with small amounts—e.g., less than 2 percent—of isoprene.
As a diene, isoprene provided the extra double bond required to cross-link the otherwise inert polymer chains, which were essentially polyisobutylene.

Before experimental difficulties were resolved, butyl rubber was called “futile butyl,” but with improvements it enjoyed wide acceptance for its low permeability to gases and its excellent resistance to oxygen and ozone at normal temperatures.

The first production of Butyl rubber was carried out by two American chemists, Robert Thomas and William Sparks.
This took place at Standard Oil Company in New Jersey in the year 1937.
They copolymerized isobutylene with isoprene present in less than 2%.

Earlier, Butyl Rubber was called ‘Futile Butyl’.
During the time of world war-2, this was called GR-2. It stood for Government Rubber-Isobutylene.

Butyl rubber was first developed in 1937, by researchers William J. Sparks and Robert M. Thomas, at Standard Oil's (which became Exxon in 1972) Linden, N.J. laboratory. Texas Petrochemicals and Lubrizol Corporation are one of the largest manufacturers of PIB in North America.

In 1950s and 1960s, halogenated butyl rubber (halobutyl) was developed, in its chlorinated (chlorobutyl) and brominated (bromobutyl) variant, providing significantly higher curing rates and allowing covulcanization with other rubbers like natural rubber and styrene-butadiene rubber.

Halobutyl is today the most important material for inner tubes.
The butyl rubber is vulcanized by elemental sulfur.
Zinc oxide can be also used to vulcanize halobutyl.

PRODUCTION of BUTYL RUBBER:
The abbreviation IIR stands for isobutylene isoprene rubber.
Polyisobutylene, also known as "PIB" or polyisobutene, (C4H8)n, is the homopolymer of isobutylene, or 2-methyl-1-propene, on which butyl rubber is based.

Polyisobutylene is a colorless to light yellow viscoelastic material.
It is generally odorless and tasteless, though it may exhibit a slight characteristic odor.
Butyl rubber has excellent impermeability to gas diffusion, and the long polyisobutylene segments of its polymer chains give it good flex properties.

The formula for PIB is: –(–CH2–C(CH3)2–)n–
Butyl rubber can be made from the monomer isobutylene (CH2=C(CH3)2) only via cationic addition polymerization.

The production of both isoprene and isobutylene is carried out through thermal cracking of the natural gas.
Or it is even done through lighter fractions of the gas oil. Under normal temperature and pressure conditions, physically, isobutylene is obtained in a gaseous form while isoprene occurs as a volatile liquid.

To convert isobutylene into butyl rubber, it is stored under very low temperatures and is further diluted with methyl chloride.
Following this, the addition of isoprene is done in the presence of aluminium chloride.

This initiates the reaction leading to copolymerization of these elements.
This makes isoprene gain good strength, just like natural rubber.
Further, the presence of unsaturated groups makes it resistant to oxidation.
In the case of temperature above glass transition, butyl rubber exhibits an unusually slow molecular motion rate.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of BUTYL RUBBER:
Mooney Viscosity @125˚C: 46-56
Unsaturation (% mole): 1.4-1.8
Mass Fraction of Calcium Stearate (%): 1.2
Volatile (%): 0.3
Non-standing Antioxidant Content (%): 0.02-0.08
Ash Content (%): 0.4

Tensile Strength @%300 tensile (MPa): 6
Tensile Strength @%100 tensile (MPa): 13
Relative Elongation At Break (%): 450
Minimum Torque (dNm): 2.7-3.7
Maximum Torque (dNm): 13.0-18.5
Prevulcanization Start Time: 1.7-3.4
%50 Vulcanization Time: 5-8
%90 Vulcanization Time: 16-22

Compression set: fair
Rebound rating: poor
Flex cracking resistance: good to excellent
Abrasion resistance: good to excellent
Tear resistance: good
Impact resistance: good
Flame resistance: poor

Weather resistance: excellent
Sunlight resistance: excellent
Ozone resistance: excellent
Oxidation resistance: excellent
Water resistance: very good
Steam resistance: excellent
Gas permeability: good

Specific Gravity: 1.20
Hardness 65 Shore: A ± 5 Degrees
Tensile Strength: 5.0 MPa
Elongation @ Break: 350
Minimum Temperature: -40 °C
Maximum Temperature: 140 °C
Abrasion Resistance: 190 mm³
Tear Resistance: N/A kg/cm

Petroleum: Poor
Lubricating Oils: Poor
Acid: Excellent
Alkali: Excellent
Impermeable to Gases: Excellent
Ozone & Weathering: Excellent
Oxidation: Good
Water Resistance: Good

Durometer or Hardness Range: 40 – 90 Shore A
Tensile Strength Range: 500 – 3,000 PSI
Elongation (Range %): 300% – 850%
Abrasion Resistance: Fair to Good
Adhesion to Metal: Good
Adhesion to Rigid Materials: Fair to Good
Compression Set: Fair to Good
Flex Cracking Resistance: Good to Excellent

Impact Resistance: Good
Resilience / Rebound: Fair to Good
Tear Resistance: Good
Vibration Dampening: Excellent
Acids, Dilute: Good to Excellent
Acids, Concentrated: Fair to Excellent
Acids, Organic (Dilute): Good
Acids, Organic (Concentrated): Fair to Good
Acids, Inorganic: Good

Alcohol’s: Good to Excellent
Aldehydes: Good
Alkalies, Dilute: Good to Excellent
Alkalies, Concentrated: Good to Excellent
Amines: Good
Animal & Vegetable Oils: Good to Excellent
Brake Fluids, Non-Petroleum Based: Good
Diester Oils: Poor to Good

Esters, Alkyl Phosphate: Good to Excellent
Esters, Aryl Phosphate: Excellent
Ethers: Poor to Fair
Fuel, Aliphatic Hydrocarbon: Poor
Fuel, Aromatic Hydrocarbon: Poor
Fuel, Extended (Oxygenated): Poor
Halogenated Solvents: Poor
Hydrocarbon, Halogenated: Poor
Ketones: Poor to Excellent

Lacquer Solvents: Fair to Good
LP Gases & Fuel Oils: Poor
Mineral Oils: Poor
Oil Resistance: Poor
Petroleum Aromatic: Poor
Petroleum Non-Aromatic: Poor
Refrigerant Ammonia: Good
Refrigerant Halofluorocarbons: R-12, R-13
Refrigerant Halofluorocarbons w/ Oil: Poor
Silicone Oil: Poor

Solvent Resistance: Poor
Low Temperature Range: -70º F to -40º F
Minimum for Continuous Use (Static): -60º F
Brittle Point: -90º F to -50° F
High Temperature Range: +250º F to +300º F
Maximum for Continuous Use (Static): +300º F
Colorability: Good
Flame Resistance: Poor

Gas Permeability: Good
Odor: Good
Ozone Resistance: Excellent
Oxidation Resistance: Excellent
Radiation Resistance: Poor to Good
Steam Resistance: Good to Excellent
Sunlight Resistance: Excellent
Taste Retention: Fair to Good

Weather Resistance: Excellent
Water Resistance: Good to Excellent
Appearance: No data available
Odour: No data available
Odour Threshold: No data available
pH: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available

Flash point: No data available
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapour pressure: No data available
Vapour density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Water solubility: No data available

FIRST AID MEASURES of BUTYL RUBBER:
-Description of first aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.

*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.

*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water.

-If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.

-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of BUTYL RUBBER:
-Environmental precautions:
No special environmental precautions required.

-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Clean up promptly by sweeping or vacuum.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of BUTYL RUBBER:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

-Further information:
No data available

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of BUTYL RUBBER:
-Control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
*Appropriate engineering controls:
General industrial hygiene practice.

--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use safety glasses.

*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.

-Control of environmental exposure:
No special environmental precautions required.

HANDLING and STORAGE of BUTYL RUBBER:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.

-Specific end use(s):
No other specific uses are stipulated

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of BUTYL RUBBER:
-Reactivity:
No data available

-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.

SYNONYMS:
1,3-Butadiene,2-methyl-,polymerwith2-methyl-1-propene
3-butadiene,2-methyl-polymerwith2-methyl-1-propene
Butylrubber
Exxon Butyl Rubber
LANXESS BUTYL 100
LANXESS BUTYL 101-3
LANXESS BUTYL 301
LANXESS BUTYL 402
Isobutylene-isoprene