PRODUCTS

CALCİUM CHLORİDE

Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) is a water soluble ionic crystal with a high enthalpy change of solution.
Calcium chloride is majorly derived from limestone and is a by-product of the Solvay process.
Calcium chloride is an anhydrous salt that has a hygroscopic nature and can be used as a desiccant.

CAS No.: 10043-52-4
Chemical Name: Calcium chloride
Synonyms: CaCl2;Anhydrous calcium chloride;CalciuM Cloride;Calcium chloride fused;CALCIUM CHLORIDE 2-HYDRATE;Peladow;Calciumchlorid;CALCIUM CHLORIDE POWDER;CALCIUM CHLORIDE FLAKES;Calcium chloride pellets
CBNumber: CB3465202
Molecular Formula: CaCl2 Lewis structure
Molecular Weight: 110.98
MDL Number: MFCD00010903
MOL File: 10043-52-4.mol
MSDS File: SDS
TDS File: TDS
Last updated: 2026-05-19 21:59:04

Calcium chloride Properties
Melting point: 772 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 1935 °C/1 atm (lit.)
Density: 1.086 g/mL at 20 °C
vapor pressure: 0.01 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.358
Flash point: >1600°C
storage temp.: Store at +5°C to +30°C.
solubility: H2O: soluble
form: powder
color: White to gray
Specific Gravity: 2.15
Odor: Odorless
Flame Color: Redish
PH: 8-10 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Water Solubility: 740 g/L (20 ºC)
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
λmax: λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.04
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.02
Crystal Structure: CaCl2 type
crystal system: Nogata
Merck: 14,1659
InChI: 1S/Ca.2ClH/h;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2
InChIKey: UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L
FDA 21 CFR: 184.1193; 582.1193; 582.6193
CAS DataBase Reference: 10043-52-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: OFM21057LP
NCI Drug Dictionary: calcium chloride
ATC code: A12AA07,B05XA07,G04BA03
NIST Chemistry Reference: Calcium dichloride(10043-52-4)
EPA Substance Registry System: Calcium chloride (10043-52-4)
UNSPSC Code: 41116107
NACRES: NB.61

Chemical Properties
Calcium chloride, CaC12, is colorless deliquescent solid that is soluble in water and ethanol.
Calcium chloride is formed from the reaction of calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid or calcium hydroxide and ammonium chloride.
Calcium chloride is used in medicine, as an antifreeze, and as a coagulant.

Uses
Calcium chloride (CaCl2) has many uses.
Calcium chloride is used as a drying agent and to melt ice and snow on highways, to control dust, to thaw building materials (sand, gravel, concrete, and so on).
Calcium chloride is also used in various food and pharmaceutical industries and as a fungicide.

Description
Tumorigen,Mutagen, Human Data; Hormone.
Calcium chloride is usedas road salt for melting snow, a drying agent in desiccators,for dehydrating organic liquids and gases, in refrigerationbrines and antifreeze, as a dust-proofing agent, food additive, concrete hardening accelerator, and others.Incompatibilities: The solution in water is a weak base.
Reacts with zinc in presence of moisture, forming highly526 Calcium chlorideflammable hydrogen gas.
Dissolves violently in waterwith generation of much heat.
Incompatible with water,bromine trifluoride; 2-furan, percarboxylic acid.
Mayattack some building materials and metals in the presenceof moisture.

Physical properties
White crystal, powder or flake; highly hygroscopic; the compound and its solutions absorb moisture from the air at various rates depending on calcium chloride concentrations, relative humidity and vapor pressure of water in the air, temperature, surface area of exposed material, and the rate of air circulation; at 40% and 95% relative humidity and 25°C, one gram anhydrous calcium chloride may absorb about 1.4 g and 17 g water, respectively. (Shearer, W. L. 1978 . In Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd ed., vol. 4, pp. 432-6. New York: Wiley Interscience); density 2.15, 2.24, 1.85, 1.83 and 1.71 g/cm3 for the anhydrous salt and its mono-, di-, tetra- and hexahydrates, respectively; anhydrous salts melts at 772°C, while the mono-, di-, tetra- and hexahydrates decompose at 260°, 175°, 45.5° and 30°C, respectively; the anhydrous salt vaporizes at 1,935°C; highly soluble in water, moderate to high solubility in alcohol.
Densities and crystallizing temperatures of commercial calcium chloride solutions.

Occurrence
Calcium chloride may be found in nature as the mineral tachhydrite, CaCl22MgCl212H2O.
Calcium chloride also is found in other minerals.
Its concentration in sea water is about 0.15%.
Calcium chloride has several industrial applications. The major applications of this compound are in deicing of roads, dust control, imparting stability to roads and buildings, and to improve traction in tractor tires.
Calcium chloride is mixed with ice to make freezing mixtures.
Hexahydrate mixed with crushed ice can lower the temperature of the cooling bath to below -50°C.
Calcium chloride also is used as a desiccant for dehydrating gases and liquids.
Calcium chloride is added to cement in various proportions to manufacture different types of concrete.
Other uses are in adhesives, to lower gel temperatures, and as a calcium source in liquid feed supplements for dairy cattle.
Also, the compound is used to control particle size development and reduce coalescence in plastics.

Uses
Calcium chloride is one of the most versatile of the basic chemicals.
Calcium chloride has several common applications such as brine for refrigeration plants, ice and dust control on roads, and in concrete.
The anhydrous salt is also widely used as a desiccant, where Calcium chloride will absorb so much water that Calcium chloride will eventually dissolve in its own crystal lattice water (water of hydration).
Calcium chloride can be produced directly from limestone, but large amounts are also produced as a by-product of the “Solvay Process” (which is a process to produce soda ash from brine).
Calcium chloride is also commonly used as an additive in swimming pool water as Calcium chloride increases the “calcium hardness” value for the water.
Other industrial applications include use as an additive in plastics, as a drainage aid for wastewater treatment, as an additive in fire extinguishers, as an additive in control scaffolding in blast furnaces, and as a thinner in “fabric softeners”.
Calcium chloride is commonly used as an “electrolyte” and has an extremely salty taste, as found in sports drinks and other beverages such as Nestle bottled water.
Calcium chloride can also be used as a preservative to maintain firmness in canned vegetables or in higher concentrations in pickles to give a salty taste while not increasing the food’s sodium content.
Calcium chloride is even found in snack foods, including Cadbury chocolate bars.
In brewing beer, calcium chloride is sometimes used to correct mineral deficiencies in the brewing water.
Calcium chloride affects flavor and chemical reactions during the brewing process, and Calcium chloride can also affect yeast function during fermentation.
Calcium chloride can be injected as intravenous therapy for the treatment of “hypocalcemia” (low serum calcium).
Calcium chloride can be used for insect bites or stings (such as Black Widow spider bites), sensitivity reactions, particularly when characterized by “urticaria” (hives).
Obtained as a by-product in the manufacture of potassium chlorate.
The white crystals, soluble in water and alcohol, are deliquescent and must be kept in a well-stoppered bottle.
Calcium chloride was used in iodized collodion formulas and in collodion emulsions.
Calcium chloride was also an important desiccating substance used in tin calcium tubes designed to store presensitized platinum papers.
For the treatment of hypocalcemia in those conditions requiring a prompt increase in blood plasma calcium levels, for the treatment of magnesium intoxication due to overdosage of magnesium sulfate, and used to combat the deleterious effects of hyperkalemi.
Calcium chloride is highly hygroscopic and is often used as a desiccant.
calcium chloride is an astringent.
Calcium chloride also helps improve the reaction among certain ingredients used in cosmetic formulations.
This inorganic salt is no longer commonly used in skin care products and is being replaced with potassium chloride.
Calcium Chloride is a general purpose food additive, the anhydrous form being readily soluble in water with a solubility of 59 g in 100 ml of water at 0°c.
Calcium chloride dissolves with the liberation of heat.
Calcium chloride also exists as calcium chloride dihydrate, being very soluble in water with a solubility of 97 g in 100 ml at 0°c.
Calcium chloride is used as a firming agent for canned tomatoes, potatoes, and apple slices.
in evaporated milk, Calcium chloride is used at levels not more than 0.1% to adjust the salt balance so as to prevent coagulation of milk during sterilization.
Calcium chloride is used with disodium edta to protect the flavor in pickles and as a source of calcium ions for reaction with alginates to form gels.

Agricultural Uses
Calcium, beyond being an essential nutrient, functions as an important signaling-molecule in plant stress responses.
Research demonstrate that calcium treatments (CT) (330 and 660 mg L⁻1 Calcium chloride) is beneficial in increasing tolerance in drought-sensitive pepper varieties, highlighting the importance of calcium-mediated signal transduction.

Materials Uses
Thermal energy storage (TES) is particularly attractive due to its high energy storage density (1–3 GJ m−3), wide operating temperature range, long storage duration, and near-zero heat loss.
Among TCES materials, hydrated salts are widely studied due to their low reaction temperatures, low toxicity, and mild operating conditions.
Calcium chloride (CaCl2) is particularly attractive because of its high theoretical energy storage density, moderate dehydration temperature, chemical stability, low cost, and abundant availability.
This study develops calcium chloride–based composites with hierarchical porous architectures to enhance the thermal response of solar thermochemical energy storage (TCES) systems.

Food
In the food industry, calcium chloride is frequently employed as a firming agent in canned vegetables, particularly for canned tomatoes and cucumber pickles.
Calcium chloride is also used in firming soybean curds into tofu and in producing a caviar substitute from vegetable or fruit juices.
Calcium chloride is also used to enhance the texture of various other products, such as whole apples, whole hot peppers, whole and sliced strawberries, diced tomatoes, and whole peaches.
The firming effect of calcium chloride can be attributed to several mechanisms:Complexation, since calcium ions form coordination complexes with pectin, a polysaccharide found in the cell wall and middle lamella of plant tissues.
Membrane stabilization, since calcium ions contribute to the stabilization of the cell membrane.
Turgor pressure regulation, since calcium ions influence cell turgor pressure, which is the pressure exerted by the cell contents against the cell wall.
Calcium chloride's freezing-point depression properties are used to slow the freezing of the caramel in caramel-filled chocolate bars.
Also, Calcium chloride is frequently added to sliced apples to maintain texture.
In brewing beer, calcium chloride is sometimes used to correct mineral deficiencies in the brewing water.
Calcium chloride affects flavor and chemical reactions during the brewing process, and can also affect yeast function during fermentation.
In cheesemaking, calcium chloride is sometimes added to processed (pasteurized/homogenized) milk to restore the natural balance between calcium and protein in casein.
It is added before the coagulant.
Calcium chloride is also commonly used as an electrolyte in sports drinks and other beverages; as a food additive used in conjunction with other inorganic salts Calcium chloride adds taste to bottled water.
The average intake of calcium chloride as food additives has been estimated to be 160–345 mg/d.
Calcium chloride is permitted as a food additive in the European Union for use as a sequestrant and firming agent with the E number E509.
Calcium chloride is considered as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S.
Food and Drug Administration.
Its use in organic crop production is generally prohibited under the US National Organic Program.
Calcium chloride has a very salty taste and can cause mouth and throat irritation at high concentrations, so Calcium chloride is typically not the first choice for long-term oral supplementation (as a calcium supplement).
Calcium chloride is highly soluble in water and efficiently absorbed from the intestine.
The dissolution of calcium chloride in water is exothermic; releasing energy as heat.
If undissolved calcium chloride is ingested, this can lead to burns in the mouth, throat, esophagus, and stomach.
Ingestion of large amounts of undissolved calcium chloride has been reported to result in burns, and rarely, necrosis of the stomach.
The extremely salty taste of calcium chloride is used to flavor pickles without increasing the food's sodium content.
Calcium chloride is used to prevent cork spot and bitter pit on apples by spraying on the tree during the late growing season.

Production Methods
Calcium chloride is a principal byproduct from the Solvay process.

Definition
calcium chloride: A white deliquescentcompound, CaCl2, which issoluble in water; r.d. 2.15; m.p.782°C; b.p. >1600°C.
There are anumber of hydrated forms, includingthe monohydrate, CaCl2.H2O, the dihydrate,CaCl2.2H2O (r.d. 0.84), andthe hexahydrate, CaCl2.6H2O (trigonal;r.d. 1.71; the hexahydrate loses4H2O at 30°C and the remaining2H2O at 200°C).
Large quantities of itare formed as a byproduct of theSolvay process and Calcium chloride can be preparedby dissolving calcium carbonateor calcium oxide in hydrochloricacid.
Crystals of the anhydrous saltcan only be obtained if the hydratedsalt is heated in a stream of hydrogenchloride.
Solid calcium chloride isused in mines and on roads to reducedust problems, whilst the molten saltis the electrolyte in the extraction ofcalcium.
An aqueous solution of calciumchloride is used in refrigerationplants.

Preparation
Calcium chloride is obtained as a by-product in the manufacture of sodium carbonate (soda ash) by ammonia-soda (Solvay) process.
The process involves the reaction of sodium chloride with calcium carbonate and ammonia.
Calcium chloride is currently produced in bulk amounts by evaporation of natural underground brines. In the laboratory, calcium chloride can be prepared by treating limestone with hydrochloric acid followed by evaporation of solution to obtain crystals.
The crystals are dehydrated to obtain anhydrous salt.
Calcium oxide or hydroxide may be used instead of carbonate.

Air & Water Reactions
Deliquescent.
Water soluble.
Adding Calcium chloride to hot water caused violent boiling.

Reactivity Profile
Bromine trifluoride rapidly attacks the following salts: barium chloride, cadmium chloride, Calcium chloride, cesium chloride, lithium chloride, silver chloride, rubidium chloride, potassium bromide, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, rhodium tetrabromide, sodium bromide, sodium chloride, and sodium iodide [Mellor 2 Supp. 1:164, 165 1956].
Long term exposure of Calcium chloride solution upon a zinc coated galvanized iron vessel caused slow evolution of hydrogen which ignited and exploded [Bretherick, 5th Ed., 1995].

Health Hazard
Inhalation causes irritation of nose and throat.
Ingestion causes irritation of mouth and stomach.
Contact with eyes (particularly by dust) causes irritation and possible transient corneal injury. Contact of solid with dry skin causes mild irritation; strong solutions can cause marked irritation, even a superficial burn.

Flammability and Explosibility
Non flammable

Pharmaceutical Applications
The main applications of calcium chloride as an excipient relate to its dehydrating properties and, therefore, Calcium chloride has been used as an antimicrobial preservative, as a desiccant, and as an astringent in eye lotions.
Therapeutically, calcium chloride injection 10% (as the dihydrate form) is used to treat hypocalcemia.

Potential Exposure
Calcium chloride is used as road salt for melting snow, a drying agent in desiccators, for dehydrating organic liquids and gases, in refrigeration brines and antifreeze, as a dust-proofing agent, food additives, concrete hardening accelerator, and others.
May react with strong oxidizers.

First aid
If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove anycontact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least15 min, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids.
Seekmedical attention immediately.
If this chemical contacts theskin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediatelywith soap and water.
Seek medical attention immediately.
Ifthis chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure,begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR ifheart action has stopped.
Transfer promptly to a medicalfacility.
When this chemical has been swallowed, getmedical attention.
Give large quantities of water and inducevomiting.
Do not make an unconscious person vomit.

Incompatibilities
Calcium chloride is incompatible with soluble carbonates, phosphates, sulfates, and tartrates.
Calcium chloride reacts violently with bromine trifluoride, and a reaction with zinc releases explosive hydrogen gas.
Calcium chloride has an exothermic reaction with water, and when heated to decomposition Calcium chloride emits toxic fumes of chlorine.

Regulatory Status
GRAS listed.
Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (injections, ophthalmic preparations, suspensions, creams).
Included in medicines licensed in the UK (eye drops; intraocular irrigation; vaccines; injection powders for reconstitution; nebulizer solution; oral suspension).