PRODUCTS

CALCIUM SULFATE

CAS NUMBER: 7778-18-9

EC NUMBER: 231-900-3

MOLECULAR FORMULA: CaSO4

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 136.14

IUPAC NAME: calcium;sulfate

Calcium Sulfate (or calcium sulphate) is the inorganic compound with the formula CaSO4 and related hydrates.
In the form of γ-anhydrite (the anhydrous form), Calcium Sulfate is used as a desiccant.

One particular hydrate is better known as plaster of Paris, and another occurs naturally as the mineral gypsum.
Calcium Sulfate has many uses in industry.

All forms are white solids that are poorly soluble in water.
Calcium sulfate causes permanent hardness in water.

Calcium Sulfate appears as odorless, white powder or colorless, crystalline solid.
Crystals sometimes have a blue, gray or reddish tinge or can be brick red.

Calcium Sulfate's Density is 2.96 g cm-3.
Calcium Sulfate is a calcium salt.

A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant, in dentistry as an impression material, cast, or die, and in medicine for immobilizing casts and as a tablet excipient.
Calcium Sulfate exists in various forms and states of hydration.
Plaster of Paris is a mixture of powdered and heat-treated gypsum.

Hydration states and crystallographic structures:
The compound exists in three levels of hydration corresponding to different crystallographic structures and to minerals:
*CaSO4 (anhydrite): anhydrous state.
The structure is related to that of zirconium orthosilicate (zircon): Ca2+ is 8-coordinate, SO42- is tetrahedral, O is 3-coordinate.
*CaSO4 · 2 H2O (gypsum and selenite (mineral)): dihydrate.
*CaSO4 · 1⁄2 H2O (bassanite): hemihydrate, also known as plaster of Paris.
Specific hemihydrates are sometimes distinguished: α-hemihydrate and β-hemihydrate.

USES:
The main use of calcium sulfate is to produce plaster of Paris and stucco.
These applications exploit the fact that calcium sulfate which has been powdered and calcined forms a moldable paste upon hydration and hardens as crystalline calcium sulfate dihydrate.

Calcium Sulfate is also convenient that calcium sulfate is poorly soluble in water.
And Calcium Sulfate does not readily dissolve in contact with water after its solidification.

Food Industry:
The Calcium Sulfate hydrates are used as a coagulant in products such as tofu.
For the FDA, it is permitted in:

-Cheese and Related Cheese Products

-Cereal Flours

-Bakery Products

-Frozen Desserts

-Artificial Sweeteners for Jelly & Preserves

-Condiment Vegetables

-Condiment Tomatoes

-Some candies

Calcium Sulfate is known in the E number series as E516, and the UN's FAO knows it as a firming agent, a flour treatment agent, a sequestrant, and a leavening agent

Dentistry:
Calcium Sulfate has a long history of use in dentistry.
Calcium Sulfate has been used in bone regeneration as a graft material and graft binder/extender and as a barrier in guided tissue regeneration.

Calcium Sulfate is an unusually biocompatible material and is completely resorbed following implantation.
Calcium Sulfate does not evoke a significant host response and creates a calcium-rich milieu in the area of implantation.

OTHER USES:

When sold at the anhydrous state as a desiccant with a color-indicating agent under the name Drierite, it appears blue (anhydrous) or pink (hydrated) due to impregnation with cobalt(II) chloride, which functions as a moisture indicator.
Up to the 1970s, commercial quantities of sulfuric acid were produced in Whitehaven (Cumbria, UK) from anhydrous calcium sulfate.

Upon being mixed with shale or marl, and roasted, the sulfate liberates sulfur trioxide gas, a precursor in sulfuric acid production, the reaction also produces calcium silicate, a mineral phase essential in cement clinker production.

CaSO4 + SiO2 → CaSiO3 + SO3

Production and Occurrence:
The main sources of calcium sulfate are naturally occurring gypsum and anhydrite, which occur at many locations worldwide as evaporites.
These may be extracted by open-cast quarrying or by deep mining.

World production of natural gypsum is around 127 million tonnes per annum.
In addition to natural sources, calcium sulfate is produced as a by-product in a number of processes:

-In flue-gas desulfurization, exhaust gases from fossil-fuel power stations and other processes (e.g. cement manufacture) are scrubbed to reduce their sulfur oxide content, by injecting finely ground limestone or lime.
This produces an impure calcium sulfite, which oxidizes on storage to calcium sulfate.
-In the production of phosphoric acid from phosphate rock, calcium phosphate is treated with sulfuric acid and calcium sulfate precipitates.
-In the production of hydrogen fluoride, calcium fluoride is treated with sulfuric acid, precipitating calcium sulfate.
-In the refining of zinc, solutions of zinc sulfate are treated with hydrated lime to co-precipitate heavy metals such as barium.
-Calcium sulfate can also be recovered and re-used from scrap drywall at construction sites.

These precipitation processes tend to concentrate radioactive elements in the calcium sulfate product.
This issue is particular with the phosphate by-product, since phosphate ores naturally contain uranium and its decay products such as radium-226, lead-210 and polonium-210.
Calcium Sulfate is also a common component of fouling deposits in industrial heat exchangers, because its solubility decreases with increasing temperature (see the specific section on the retrograde solubility).

Calcium Sulfate, CaSO4, is a naturally occurring calcium salt.
Calcium Sulfate is commonly known in its dihydrate form, CaSO4∙2H2O, a white or colourless powder called gypsum.
As uncalcined gypsum, the sulfate is employed as a soil conditioner.

Calcium Sulfate is used in making tile, wallboard, lath, and various plasters.
When gypsum is heated to about 120 °C (250 °F), it loses three-quarters of its water, becoming the hemihydrate CaSO4∙1/2H2O, plaster of paris.

If mixed with water, plaster of paris can be molded into shapes before it hardens by recrystallizing to dihydrate form.
Calcium Sulfate may occur in groundwater, causing hardness that cannot be removed by boiling.

Calcium Sulfate, CaSO4, is a naturally occurring calcium salt available in three forms.
This calcium compound is most recognized in its dihydrate form gypsum or calcium sulphate dihydrate (CaSO4∙2H2O).
In its anhydrous form (CaSO4), it’s used as a desiccant (dries things out).
The third form is The third form it can be found in is calcium sulphate hemihydrate (CaSO4·1/2H2O) which is known as the plaster of Paris.

Calcium Sulfate :
Gypsum and anhydrite are the biggest sources of calcium sulphate in the world.
Calcium Sulfate can also be produced as a by-product of other processes.

APPLICATIONS:
*Cement manufacturing

*Filler in paper

*Desiccant

*Firming agent in foods

*Paint pigment

*Polishing powder production

*Animal feed additive

*Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate

This is commonly used in building materials for construction such as:
-Portland cement
-Specialized wall plasters
-Wallboard production
-Cement blocks
-Mortars
-Soil conditioning agent

Is Calcium Sulfate Soluble in Water?
Calcium sulphate is insoluble or only partially soluble in water, depending on temperature conditions and which particular form of calcium sulphate we are talking about.
Because calcium sulphate anhydrite is made from dehydrating calcium sulphate dihydrate, it is insoluble at high temperatures.

At room temperature, Calcium Sulfate will dissolve very slowly at 24g per 100 g of water as well as not absorbing moisture from the air.
Finally, at temperatures below 300 degrees Celsius, soluble anhydrite will absorb water to form plaster of Paris (calcium sulphate hemihydrate

Calcium Sulfate is a white salt CaSO4 that occurs especially as anhydrite, gypsum, and plaster of paris
And that in hydrated form is used as a building material and in anhydrous form is used as a drying agent

Calcium Sulfate is a food additive used as an anticaking agent, dough conditioner and strengthener, flour treatment agent, pH regulator, thickenner and yeast food.
Calcium Sulfate is a white or white-yellow fine odorless powder.
Due to Calcium Sulfate's high calcium content (16-20%), calcium sulfate can also be used in flour fortification.

Functions:
Calcium Sulfate serves several functions in baked goods:
-Anticaking agent: Calcium Sulfate prevents powder caking, lumping or agglomeration.
-Coloring adjunct: Calcium Sulfate aids in the preservation of color in coatings.
-Dough strengthener: Calcium Sulfate modifies starch and gluten to provide a more stable dough.
-Firming agent: Calcium Sulfate prevents the collapse during processing.
-Flour bleaching treatment
-Leavening aid: Calcium Sulfate provides food for yeast improving leavening.
-Nutrient supplement: Calcium Sulfate provides calcium for nutritional value.
-Stabilizer and thickener: Calcium Sulfate provides body and improved consistency.
-Texturizer: Calcium Sulfate improves baked good texture.
-pH regulator: Calcium Sulfate works as a pH buffer and processing aid

Calcium Sulfate is used mainly in the production of bread, and in the fortification of bread flour, cookies, brownies and breads.
Calcium Sulfate is a chemical compound comprised of calcium, sulfur and oxygen, with the chemical formula CaSO4.

Calcium Sulfate is an inorganic compound with a white appearance.
Calcium Sulfate is also considered a calcium salt.

Calcium Sulfate is frequently found in its dihydrate and hemihydrate forms, where water is attached to the calcium sulfate molecule.
While the dihydrate and hemihydrate forms are slightly soluble in water, the anhydrous version of calcium sulfate is not soluble in water and many types of solvents.

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:

-Molecular Weight: 136.14

-Exact Mass: 135.9143205

-Monoisotopic Mass: 135.9143205

-Topological Polar Surface Area: 88.6 Å²

-Physical Description: Calcium sulfate appears as odorless, white powder or colorless, crystalline solid. Crystals sometimes have a blue, gray or reddish tinge or can be brick red. Density: 2.96 g cm-3.

-Color: white

-Form: powder

-Odor: odourless

-Boiling Point: Decomposes

-Melting Point: 1450 °C

-Solubility: 0.3 %

-Density: 2.9 g/cm³

-Vapor Pressure: 0 mmHg

-Decomposition: 1450 °C

Calcium Sulfate (or calcium sulphate) is the inorganic compound with the formula CaSO4 and related hydrates.
Calcium Sulfate is used as a desiccant.

One particular hydrate is better known as plaster of Paris, and another occurs naturally as the mineral gypsum.
Calcium Sulfate has many uses in industry.

All forms are white solids that are poorly soluble in water.
Calcium Sulfate causes permanent hardness in water.

Calcium Sulfate appears as odorless, white powder or colorless, crystalline solid.
Crystals sometimes have a blue, gray or reddish tinge or can be brick red.

Calcium Sulfate's Density is 2.96 g cm-3.
Calcium Sulfate is a calcium salt.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0

-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4

-Rotatable Bond Count: 0

-Heavy Atom Count: 6

-Formal Charge: 0

-Complexity: 62.2

-Isotope Atom Count: 0

-Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

-Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

-Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

-Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

-Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2

-Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Calcium Sulfate is also a common component of fouling deposits in industrial heat exchangers, because its solubility decreases with increasing temperature (see the specific section on the retrograde solubility).
The main use of Calcium Sulfate is to produce plaster of Paris and stucco.
These applications exploit the fact that Calcium Sulfate which has been powdered and calcined forms a moldable paste upon hydration and hardens as crystalline calcium sulfate dihydrate.

Calcium Sulfate is also convenient that calcium sulfate is poorly soluble in water.
And Calcium Sulfate does not readily dissolve in contact with water after its solidification.

Calcium Sulfate is a naturally occurring calcium salt.
Calcium Sulfate is commonly known in its dihydrate form, CaSO4∙2H2O, a white or colourless powder called gypsum.
As uncalcined gypsum, the sulfate is employed as a soil conditioner.

SYNONYMS:

CALCIUM SULFATE
Drierite
calcium sulphate
Anhydrous gypsum
Sulfuric acid, calcium salt (1:1)
Calcium sulfate, anhydrous
calcium;sulfate
Calcium sulfate anhydrous
CaSO4
Karstenite
Calcium Sulfate, Anhydrous, Puratronic (Metals Basis)
Calcium sulfate (NF)
Muriacite
Osteoset
Natural anhydrite
Calcium sulfuricum
Anhydrous sulfate of lime
Oparex 10
Basic calcium sulfate
Franklin Fiber H 45
SSS-A
Calcium sulphate, natural
Pigment white 25
Calcarea sulphurica 30C
Plaster of Paris, anhydrite
Kalziumsulfat
A 30
calcium sulfat
Calcium Sulfate Submicron
Calcium sulfate Nanopowder
Indicating drierite
Calcium sulfate, anhydrous, Puratronic
Drierite(R)