CARBOHYDRAZIDE

Carbohydrazide is an inorganic–organic nitrogen compound commonly used as an oxygen scavenger, reducing agent, and chemical intermediate.
Carbohydrazides chemical formula is CH₆N₄O.
Carbohydrazide is also known as carbonic dihydrazide.

CAS Number: 497-18-7
Molecular Formula: CH6N4O
Molecular Weight: 90.08
EINECS Number: 207-837-2

Synonyms:Carbohydrazide, 497-18-7, Carbonic dihydrazide, 1,3-Diaminourea, Carbonohydrazide, Carbazide, Carbodihydrazide, Carbazic acid, hydrazide, Karbazid, Carbonic acid, dihydrazide, Hydrazinecarboxylic acid, hydrazide, W8V7FYY4WH, DTXSID5038757, NSC-1934, RefChem:574291, DTXCID3018757, CHEBI:35363, 207-837-2, Hydrazine, carbonyldi-, Hydrazine, carbonylbis-, carbonyl dihydrazine, Semicarbazide, 4-amino-, Cabazide, Hydrazinecarboxamide, N-amino-, Urea, 1,3-diamino-, Urea, N,N'-diamino-, CH6N4O, 1,3-Diaminomocovina, hydrazinecarbohydrazide, Carbonohydrazid, carbonodihydrazide, NSC 1934, N,N'-diaminourea, 4-aminosemicarbazide, carbonylbis-hydrazine, MFCD00007591, N-aminohydrazinecarboxamide, N-aminohydrazine carboxamide, hydrazide hydrazinecarboxylic acid, Karbazid [Czech], carbonyldihydrazide, 1,3-Diaminomocovina [Czech], EINECS 207-837-2, UNII-W8V7FYY4WH, BRN 1747069, AI3-52397, Urea,3-diamino-, Urea,N'-diamino-, Carbohydrazide, 98%, 1,3-bis(azanyl)urea, WLN: ZMVMZ, CARBOHYDRAZIDE [MI], EC 207-837-2, SCHEMBL64716, 4-03-00-00240 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), SCHEMBL4402071, SCHEMBL30197644, CHEBI:61308, NSC1934, O C (N H N H2)2, AKOS003193931, FD16432, DB-029568, CS-0149890, NS00001612, EN300-20051, E77171, A827826, F544433 1,3-Diaminomocovina;1,3-diamino-ure;4-amino-semicarbazid;Cabazide;1,3-DIAMINOUREA;Carbohydrazide58%;CHZ Oxygen Scavenger;4-Aminoisosemicarbazide

Carbohydrazide is derived from carbonic acid in which the hydroxyl groups are replaced by hydrazide groups (–NHNH₂).
This structure contains multiple nitrogen atoms capable of participating in redox and condensation reactions.
Carbohydrazide is closely related to hydrazine derivatives.

Physically, carbohydrazide appears as a white crystalline solid.
Carbohydrazide is odorless and highly soluble in water.
Aqueous solutions are typically clear and stable under neutral conditions.

Carbohydrazide exhibits strong reducing properties.
It can react with oxygen and oxidizing agents.
This makes it useful in applications where removal of dissolved oxygen is required.

The compound is thermally stable under moderate conditions, but it decomposes at high temperatures.
Decomposition may release nitrogen-containing gases.
Proper storage away from heat and oxidizers is recommended.

Functionally, carbohydrazide acts as an oxygen scavenger.
It reacts with dissolved oxygen to prevent oxidation and corrosion.
This property is important in boiler and water-treatment systems.

Carbohydrazide also serves as a chemical intermediate in synthesis.
Its reactive hydrazide groups allow formation of polymers, resins, and specialty chemicals.
It is used in both industrial and laboratory chemistry.

In materials processing, carbohydrazide can function as a crosslinking or curing agent.
Carbohydrazide reacts with carbonyl-containing compounds to form stable networks.
This supports applications in coatings and resins.

Carbohydrazide is best described as a water-soluble reducing agent and oxygen scavenger with multiple reactive nitrogen groups, widely used in water treatment, chemical synthesis, and industrial processing.
Carbohydrazide is a white crystalline thin and short columnar crystal or white powder at room temperature. 
It is insoluble in alcohol, easily soluble in water with dissolution absorbing heat. 

Carbohydrazide is insoluble in alcohol, ether, and benzene. 
Owing to that, it is a kind of derivative of hydrazine and thus having strong reduction ability. 
It is non-toxic, and can replace hydrazine and oximes. 

Carbohydrazide has a broad range of application in industry. 
For example, it can be used as the oxygen scavenging agent of boiler water in the field of water treatment and is regarded as most advanced materials for oxygen scavenging of boiler water. 
Carbohydrazide has a low toxicity and high melting point with its deoxidizing efficiency being far greater than the current materials used and is a idea product for both safety and environmental protection; it can also be used as a rocket propellant components; moreover, owing to that its hydrogen atoms attached to the nitrogen atom is easily substituted by other groups, it can be used as the cross-linking agents of elastic fibers in the textile field, the formaldehyde scavenger, as well as the antioxidant of carotene pigment. 

In addition, adding an appropriate amount of carbohydrazide to the phenol fungicides containing can play a role on preventing discoloration and rancidity. 
As a chemical raw material and chemical industry intermediates, it is widely used in medicine, herbicides, plant growth regulators, dyes and other industries.
Carbohydrazide is the chemical compound with the formula OC(N2H3)2. 

Carbohydrazide appears as a white solid that is soluble in water, but not in many organic solvents, such as ethanol, ether or benzene. 
It decomposes upon melting, a number of carbazides are known where one or more N-H groups are replaced by other substituents. 
They occur widely in the drugs, herbicides, plant growth regulators, and dyestuffs.

Melting point: 150–153 °C
Boiling point: 167.26 °C (estimate)
Density: 1.02 g/cm3
Vapor pressure: 0 Pa (25 °C)
Refractive index: 1.4164 (estimate)
Storage temperature: Keep in a dark place; under inert atmosphere; 2–8 °C
Solubility: Slightly soluble in DMSO; slightly soluble in water
Water solubility: Soluble
Form: Crystalline powder
Color: White
pKa: 11.81 ± 0.20 (predicted)
Merck index: 14,1804
BRN: 1747069
Stability: Stable; may explode if heated; incompatible with strong acids and strong oxidizing agents
InChI: 1S/CH6N4O/c2-4-1(6)5-3/h2-3H2,(H2,4,5,6)
InChIKey: XEVRDFDBXJMZFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: NNC(=O)NN
LogP: −2.94 (21.6 °C)

Carbohydrazide contains two hydrazide groups attached to a carbonyl center, giving the molecule high nitrogen content.
This structure makes it reactive toward oxidizing agents and carbonyl compounds.
Carbohydrazides multiple –NH–NH₂ groups allow formation of hydrogen bonds.

The compound is known for its high efficiency as an oxygen scavenger in aqueous systems.
Carbohydrazide reacts with dissolved oxygen without producing large amounts of solid byproducts.
This makes it advantageous compared with some traditional scavengers.

Carbohydrazide is often preferred over hydrazine because it is less volatile and easier to handle.
It provides similar reducing performance with lower vapor toxicity.
This improves safety in industrial applications.

In water-treatment systems, carbohydrazide remains stable over a wide pH range.
Carbohydrazide performs well in both neutral and alkaline conditions.
This stability supports use in boiler and cooling-water systems.

The compound can undergo condensation reactions with aldehydes and ketones.
These reactions form hydrazone-type structures.
Such reactivity is useful in polymer and resin chemistry.

Carbohydrazide shows good compatibility with many metal surfaces.
It helps protect steel and other metals from oxidative corrosion.
This makes it valuable in high-temperature water systems.

Under strong heating, carbohydrazide may decompose to produce nitrogen, ammonia, and carbon dioxide.
These gases are generally less corrosive than oxygen.
This decomposition behavior is important in boiler chemistry.

Carbohydrazide is also used as a stabilizer in certain formulations.
Its reducing action prevents unwanted oxidation during storage.
This improves product shelf life.

Carbohydrazide is regarded as a stable, high-nitrogen reducing compound with important roles in corrosion control, synthesis, and industrial chemistry.
Carbohydrazide is valued for its clean reaction products when used as an oxygen scavenger.
Unlike some other reducing agents, it does not introduce significant dissolved solids into the system.

This helps maintain water purity in closed-loop systems.
The compound shows low volatility, which reduces the risk of vapor exposure during handling.

This makes it easier to store and transport compared with more reactive hydrazine-based chemicals.
Its solid form also allows accurate dosing.

Carbohydrazide can participate in redox reactions with metal ions, helping to maintain metals in reduced states.
This behavior contributes to corrosion inhibition.
It is particularly useful in systems containing iron or steel.

In polymer chemistry, carbohydrazide acts as a chain extender or crosslinking agent.
It reacts with carbonyl-containing polymers to form strong linkages.
This improves mechanical strength and chemical resistance.

The compound has been studied in energetic and propellant-related chemistry because of its high nitrogen content.
Nitrogen-rich compounds can release large amounts of gas upon decomposition.
These applications are specialized and controlled.

Carbohydrazide is compatible with many alkaline treatment chemicals.
It can be used together with phosphates, amines, and other corrosion-control agents.
This makes it suitable for complex water-treatment formulations.

Because of its strong reducing ability, carbohydrazide can also act as an antioxidant stabilizer.
Carbohydrazide prevents oxidation of sensitive components during storage.
This is useful in coatings, resins, and specialty chemicals.

Uses Of Carbohydrazide:
Carbohydrazide is widely used as an oxygen scavenger in boiler and water-treatment systems.
Carbohydrazide reacts with dissolved oxygen to prevent corrosion of metal surfaces.
This application is common in high-pressure boilers and closed water circuits.

In industrial water treatment, carbohydrazide is used to protect pipelines, heat exchangers, and tanks.
Carbohydrazide helps maintain low oxygen levels in circulating water.
This improves equipment lifetime and efficiency.

Carbohydrazide is applied in polymer and resin manufacturing as a crosslinking or curing agent.
It reacts with carbonyl groups to form stable bonds.
This improves mechanical strength and chemical resistance.

In coatings and adhesives, carbohydrazide is used as a stabilizer and reactive additive.
Carbohydrazide prevents oxidation during storage and processing.
It may also contribute to curing reactions.

Carbohydrazide is used in photographic and imaging chemistry as a reducing agent.
It participates in redox reactions required for image development.
These applications are specialized but well known.

In chemical synthesis, carbohydrazide serves as an intermediate for producing hydrazides, polymers, and specialty nitrogen compounds.
Its multiple reactive nitrogen groups allow further derivatization.
This makes it useful in fine chemical production.

Carbohydrazide is applied in corrosion-inhibition formulations.
It helps maintain reducing conditions in metal systems.
This reduces oxidation and scale formation.

In textile and paper processing, carbohydrazide can be used as a reducing and stabilizing agent.
It helps control oxidation reactions during treatment.
These uses depend on formulation requirements.

Carbohydrazide is also used in laboratory research and analytical chemistry.
It functions as a reducing reagent and oxygen remover.
This supports controlled experimental conditions.

Carbohydrazide is used wherever oxygen removal, reduction reactions, corrosion control, or crosslinking chemistry are required.
Carbohydrazide is widely used in the production of pharmaceuticals, herbicides, plant growth regulators, and dyes, where it serves as a versatile chemical intermediate.
It is a hydrazine derivative with strong reducing properties, which makes it useful in many industrial and synthetic applications.

Because of its strong reducing ability, carbohydrazide can be used as an intermediate for the preparation of energetic materials, and in some cases it can be used directly as a component of explosives and rocket propellants.
Its high nitrogen content makes it suitable for energy-related chemical formulations.

Carbohydrazide is commonly used as an oxygen scavenger in boiler water treatment.
It reacts with dissolved oxygen to prevent corrosion in boilers, pipelines, and refinery equipment.
Due to its high efficiency and relatively low toxicity, it is considered an advanced material for oxygen removal in modern water-treatment systems.

In the chemical fiber industry, carbohydrazide can be used as a cross-linking agent for elastic fibers.
It reacts with functional groups in polymers to improve strength and elasticity.
This enhances the mechanical performance of synthetic fibers.

The compound is also used as a stabilizer and antioxidant in certain industrial formulations.
It may help maintain color stability, improve product quality, and protect rubber materials from oxidation.
In some systems, it also functions as a metal passivation agent.

Carbohydrazide serves as an important chemical raw material and industrial intermediate.
It is used in the manufacture of specialty chemicals, coatings, resins, and treatment agents.

Its reactivity and stability make it valuable across multiple industries.
Carbohydrazide is a strong reducing, oxygen-scavenging, and crosslinking compound widely applied in water treatment, energetic materials, polymer chemistry, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and industrial processing.

Safety Profile Of Carbohydrazide:
Poison by intravenous and intraperitoneal routes. 
Reacts with nitrous acid to form the explosive carbonic dazide. 
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.

Carbohydrazide presents moderate chemical hazards and should be handled with appropriate safety precautions, especially in concentrated or powdered form.
Risks are mainly related to its reducing activity, decomposition products, and potential irritation effects.
Skin contact may cause irritation or allergic reaction.

Prolonged or repeated exposure can lead to redness, itching, or dermatitis.
Protective gloves and suitable protective clothing should be used during handling.

Eye contact may result in irritation and discomfort.
Symptoms can include redness, tearing, and burning sensation.
Immediate rinsing with plenty of water is recommended if exposure occurs.

Inhalation of dust may cause respiratory irritation.
Coughing, throat irritation, or breathing discomfort may occur if fine particles are inhaled.
Adequate ventilation and dust control measures should be applied.

Ingestion may be harmful and can cause irritation of the gastrointestinal tract.
Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, or abdominal discomfort.
Medical attention should be sought in case of accidental ingestion.

Carbohydrazide is not highly flammable, but it can decompose when heated strongly.
Thermal decomposition may release nitrogen oxides, ammonia, or other irritating gases.
It should be kept away from strong oxidizing agents and high temperatures.

Because of its strong reducing properties, carbohydrazide may react with oxidizers, acids, or metal salts.
Such reactions can generate heat or gases.
Storage in tightly closed containers away from incompatible substances is recommended.

From an environmental perspective, large releases may be harmful to aquatic organisms.
Carbohydrazide should be handled using standard industrial hygiene practices, including PPE, proper ventilation, controlled storage, and avoidance of incompatible chemicals.