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CH (Cyclohexane) is a cycloalkane with the molecular formula C6H12. CH (Cyclohexane) is non-polar.
CH (Cyclohexane) is a colorless, flammable liquid with a distinctive detergent-like odor, reminiscent of cleaning products (in which it is sometimes used).
CH (Cyclohexane) is mainly used for the industrial production of adipic acid and caprolactam, which are precursors to nylon.
CAS Number: 110-82-7
EC Number: 203-806-2
IUPAC Name: Cyclohexane
Chemical Formula: C6H12
Other names: 110-82-7, Hexamethylene, Hexahydrobenzene, Hexanaphthene, Cyclohexan, Cykloheksan, Benzene, hexahydro-, Cicloesano, Cyclohexaan, Benzenehexahydride, Ciclohexano, RCRA waste number U056, Acid red 300, Caswell No. 269, hexahydro-Benzene, HSDB 60, CCRIS 3928, cyclo-hexane, NSC 406835, EINECS 203-806-2, UNII-48K5MKG32S, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 025901, NSC-406835, 48K5MKG32S, DTXSID4021923, CHEBI:29005, AI3-08222, MFCD00003814, 12217-02-6, DTXCID701923, EC 203-806-2, 68512-15-2, Cyclohexane, HPLC Grade, CYCLOHEXANE (MART.), CYCLOHEXANE [MART.], Cyclohexaan [Dutch], Cyclohexan [German], Cicloesano [Italian], Cykloheksan [Polish], Cyclohexane, ACS reagent, >=99%, Cyclohexane, for HPLC, >=99.7%, Benzene hexahydride, UN1145, RCRA waste no. U056, cylcohexane, cylohexane, Cyclohexane, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, >=99.5% (GC), Zyklohexan, 68411-76-7, Cyclohexane HPLC grade, Cyclohexane, for HPLC, Cyclohexane, ACS Grade, CYCLOHEXANE [MI], CYCLOHEXANE [FCC], CYCLOHEXANE [HSDB], bmse000545, WLN: L6TJ, CYCLOHEXANE [USP-RS], ghl.PD_Mitscher_leg0.242, Cyclohexane, LR, >=99%, CHEMBL15980, Cyclohexane, JIS special grade, Cyclohexane, analytical standard, Cyclohexane, p.a., 99.0%, Cyclohexane, anhydrous, 99.5%, Cyclohexane, AR, >=99.5%, DTXSID70185595, AMY11047, BCP08072, Tox21_201087, NSC406835, STL283116, Cyclohexane, >=99.5%, PRA grade, Cyclohexane, for HPLC, >=99.9%, AKOS000119975, Cyclohexane, HPLC grade, >=99.9%, UN 1145, Cyclohexane 2000 microg/mL in Methanol, NCGC00248918-01, NCGC00258639-01, CAS-110-82-7, Cyclohexane, puriss., >=99.5% (GC), Cyclohexane, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%, Cyclohexane, Laboratory Reagent, >=99.8%, Cyclohexane, p.a., ACS reagent, 99.0%, Cyclohexane [UN1145] [Flammable liquid], Cyclohexane, UV HPLC spectroscopic, 99.5%, for HPLC, inverted exclamation markY99.9%, NS00003725, Cyclohexane, ACS spectrophotometric grade, >=99%, Q211433, InChI=1/C6H12/c1-2-4-6-5-3-1/h1-6H, Cyclohexane, HPLC UV/IR isocratic grade, min. 99.9%, ASTM Method D5191 Vapor Pressure - 22.5 kPa (3.26 psi), Cyclohexane, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Cyclohexyl (C6H11) is the alkyl substituent of CH (Cyclohexane) and is abbreviated Cy.
CH (Cyclohexane) appears as a clear colorless liquid with a petroleum-like odor.
Used to make nylon, as a solvent, paint remover, and to make other chemicals.
Flash point -4°F.
Density 6.5 lb / gal (less than water) and insoluble in water.
Vapors heavier than air.
Production
Modern production
On an industrial scale, CH (Cyclohexane) is produced by hydrogenation of benzene in the presence of a Raney nickel catalyst.
Producers of CH (Cyclohexane) account for approximately 11.4% of the global demand for benzene.
The reaction is highly exothermic, with ΔH(500 K) = -216.37 kJ/mol).
Dehydrogenation commenced noticeably above 300°C, reflecting the favorable entropy for dehydrogenation.
Historical methods
Unlike benzene, CH (Cyclohexane) is not found in natural resources such as coal.
For this reason, early investigators synthesized their CH (Cyclohexane) samples.
Reactions and uses
Although rather unreactive, CH (Cyclohexane) undergoes catalytic oxidation to produce cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol.
The cyclohexanone–cyclohexanol mixture, called "KA oil", is a raw material for adipic acid and caprolactam, precursors to nylon. Several million kilograms of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol are produced annually.
Laboratory solvent and other niche uses
CH (Cyclohexane) is used as a solvent in some brands of correction fluid.
CH (Cyclohexane) is sometimes used as a non-polar organic solvent, although n-hexane is more widely used for this purpose.
CH (Cyclohexane) is frequently used as a recrystallization solvent, as many organic compounds exhibit good solubility in hot CH (Cyclohexane) and poor solubility at low temperatures.
CH (Cyclohexane) is also used for calibration of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) instruments, because of a convenient crystal-crystal transition at −87.1 °C.
CH (Cyclohexane) vapor is used in vacuum carburizing furnaces, in heat treating equipment manufacture.
Conformation
Main article: CH (Cyclohexane) conformation
The 6-vertex edge ring does not conform to the shape of a perfect hexagon.
The conformation of a flat 2D planar hexagon has considerable angle strain because its bonds are not 109.5 degrees, the torsional strain would also be considered because all of the bonds would be eclipsed bonds.
Therefore, to reduce torsional strain, CH (Cyclohexane) adopts a three-dimensional structure known as the chair conformation, which rapidly interconvert at room temperature via a process known as a chair flip.
During the chair flip, there are three other intermediate conformations that are encountered: the half-chair, which is the most unstable conformation, the more stable boat conformation, and the twist-boat, which is more stable than the boat but still much less stable than the chair.
The chair and twist-boat are energy minima and are therefore conformers, while the half-chair and the boat are transition states and represent energy maxima.
The idea that the chair conformation is the most stable structure for CH (Cyclohexane) was first proposed as early as 1890 by Hermann Sachse, but only gained widespread acceptance much later.
The new conformation puts the carbons at an angle of 109.5°.
Half of the hydrogens are in the plane of the ring (equatorial) while the other half are perpendicular to the plane (axial). This conformation allows for the most stable structure of CH (Cyclohexane).
Another conformation of CH (Cyclohexane) exists, known as boat conformation, but it interconverts to the slightly more stable chair formation.
If CH (Cyclohexane) is mono-substituted with a large substituent, then the substituent will most likely be found attached in an equatorial position, as this is the slightly more stable conformation.
CH (Cyclohexane) has the lowest angle and torsional strain of all the cycloalkanes, as a result, CH (Cyclohexane) has been deemed a 0 in total ring strain.
IDENTIFICATION
CH (Cyclohexane) is a colorless liquid.
CH (Cyclohexane) has a pungent, petroleum-like odor.
CH (Cyclohexane) is slightly soluble in water.
A gas chromatographic system was used to quantitate more than 300 gas-phase cmpd, as hydrocarbons, from roadside ambient air samples.
Samples were simultaneously collected in Tedlar bags and on Tenax cartridges.
Hydrocarbons from Tedlar bag collected samples were quantitated on a gas chromatograph arranged in a dual column configuration and equipped with a flame ionization detector.
The C2 and C3 hydrocarbons were separated on a 5 m long stainless steel column packed with silica gel.
C4 to C13 hydrocarbons were separated on a 125 m long glass capillary column containing 7.5% hydrophobic silica.
A stainless steel subambient hydrocarbon trap filled with untreated glass wool permitted the concn of at least 4 L of sample at 70% relative humidity.
A temperature controller cooled the trap for hydrocarbon concn and thermally described the hydrocarbons for gas chromatographic analysis.
This trap extends the detection limits for most hydrocarbons to 15.0 ppt carbon.
Hydrocarbons collected on Tenax cartridges were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in order to provide qualitative identification for the peaks obtained from the GC analysis.
USES:
Over 98% of the CH (Cyclohexane) produced is used to make nylon intermediates.
CH (Cyclohexane) is used as a solvent for lacquers, resins and synthetic rubber.
CH (Cyclohexane) can also be used as paint and varnish remover.
CH (Cyclohexane) is present in all crude oils.
CH (Cyclohexane) can be released in volcanic emissions, tobacco smoke and plant volatiles.
Over 98% of the CH (Cyclohexane) produced is used to make nylon intermediates, adipic acid (60%), caprolactam, and hexamethylenediamine 75% of the caprolactam produced worldwide is used for nylon 6 manufacture.
Minor miscellaneous uses, such as solvents and polymer reaction diluents, consume the remainder of the CH (Cyclohexane) produced.
Organic solvent for lacquers and resins.
Paint and varnish remover.
In the extraction of essential oils.
In analytical chemistry for molecular weight determinations (cryoscopic constant 20.3).
In the manufacturing of adipic acid, benzene, cyclohexyl chloride, nitroCH (Cyclohexane), cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone.
In the manufacturing of solid fuel for camp stoves.
In fungicidal formulations (possesses slight fungicidal action), In the industrial recrystallization of steroids.
Molar mass: 84.162 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colourless liquid
Odor: Sweet, gasoline-like
Density: 0.7739 g/ml (liquid); 0.996 g/ml (solid)
Melting point: 6.47 °C
Boiling point: 80.74 °C
Solubility in water: Immiscible
Solubility: Soluble in ether, alcohol, acetone
XLogP3: 3.4
Exact Mass: 84.093900383 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 84.093900383 g/mol
Heavy Atom Count: 6
Complexity: 15.5
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
The general population may be exposed to CH (Cyclohexane) from tobacco smoke, gasoline fumes or smog.
CH (Cyclohexane) can be found at low levels in surface, ground and drinking waters.
CH (Cyclohexane) can also be found in air.
CH (Cyclohexane) breaks down in air by reaction with other chemicals.
CH (Cyclohexane) is expected to rapidly evaporate from soil and water surfaces.
CH (Cyclohexane) that remains in soil or water may be slowly broken down by microorganisms.
CH (Cyclohexane) is expected to build up in aquatic organisms.
INDUSTRY USE
Adhesives and sealant chemicals
Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
Corrosion inhibitors and anti-scaling agents
Fuels and fuel additives
Functional fluids (closed systems)
Intermediates
Laboratory chemicals
Lubricants and lubricant additives
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Polymer manufacturing
Processing aids, not otherwise listed
Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)
CONSUMER USE
Adhesives and sealants
Agricultural products (non-pesticidal)
Building/construction materials not covered elsewhere
Fuels and related products
Ink, toner, and colorant products
Lubricants and greases
Paints and coatings
Petrochemicals
college and university laboratory research, other chemical preparation, laboratory use
Pharmaceutical prep and laboratory use.
Methods of Manufacturing
Benzene can be hydrogenated catalytically to CH (Cyclohexane) in either the liquid or the vapour phase in the presence of hydrogen.
Several CH (Cyclohexane) processes, which use nickel, platinum, or palladium as the catalyst, have been developed.
Usually, the catalyst is supported, e.g., on alumina, but at least one commercial process utilizes Raney nickel.
Occurs in petroleum (0.5-1.0%).
Obtained in the distillation of petroleum ...
In the distillation of petroleum, the C4-400 °F boiling range naphthas are fractionated to obtain C5-200 °F naphtha containing 10-14% CH (Cyclohexane) which on superfractionation yields an 85% concentrate (which is sold as such), further purification /of 85% concentrate CH (Cyclohexane)/ necessitates isomerization of pentanes to CH (Cyclohexane), heat cracking for removing open-chain hydrocarbons and sulfuric acid treatment to remove aromatic compounds.
Industry Processing Sectors
Adhesive manufacturing
All other basic organic chemical manufacturing
All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing
Asphalt paving, roofing, and coating materials manufacturing
Computer and electronic product manufacturing
Food, beverage, and tobacco product manufacturing
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Oil and gas drilling, extraction, and support activities
Paint and coating manufacturing
Petrochemical manufacturing
Petroleum lubricating oil and grease manufacturing
Petroleum refineries
Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing
Plastic material and resin manufacturing
Printing ink manufacturing
Rubber product manufacturing
Services
Spent liquid for Polymer manufacturing
Transportation equipment manufacturing
University or college research
Wholesale and retail trade
How is it produced?
Industrial CH (Cyclohexane) can be produced by two methods.
The first is the catalytic hydrogenation of benzene using rhodium on carbon, and the second method is via fractional distillation of petroleum.
How is it stored and distributed?
CH (Cyclohexane) has a specific gravity of 0.78 and a flashpoint of -20° C and is highly flammable.
CH (Cyclohexane) should be stored in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area which is free from the risk of ignition.
For transportation purposes, it is classified as hazard class 3 and packing group II and is should be labelled as an irritant.
What CH (Cyclohexane) used for?
CH (Cyclohexane) is used predominately in the nylon industry where approximately 90% of it is consumed in the industrial production of adipic acid and caprolactam, which are themselves used to generate nylon6 and nylon6.6.
The remaining 10% is used both as a solvent for paints, resins, varnish and oil, and as a plasticiser.
CH (Cyclohexane) can also be used as an intermediate in the manufacture of other industrial chemicals such as cyclohexanone and nitrocyclohexanone.
CH (Cyclohexane) is generally used as an intermediate chemical.
Specifically, 54% of what is produced is used in the production of adipic acid for nylon-6/6, 39% for caprolactam for nylon-6, and 7% for products including solvents, insecticides and plasticizers.
The demand for nylon (and hence CH (Cyclohexane)) in engineering thermoplastics in resins and films is growing at about 6% annually.
Engineering thermoplastics are noted for their outstanding properties of high tensile strength, excellent abrasion, and chemical resistance and heat resistance.
All CH (Cyclohexane) is produced in benzene hydrogenation units.
In the process, high-purity benzene feed and purified hydrogen (typically recovered from reformers and ethylene crackers) are brought to reaction temperatures and charged to the reactor.
The conversion of benzene to CH (Cyclohexane) is stoichiometric and almost complete, finished CH (Cyclohexane) typically contains less than 50 ppm of benzene.
A small amount of lower purity CH (Cyclohexane) is recovered from petroleum streams by fractionation and extraction.
Over 90% of the CH (Cyclohexane) production is used to produce intermediates for nylon 6 and nylon 6,6.
Nylon 6 is made by polymerizing caprolactam which is derived from the nitration of CH (Cyclohexane).
Nylon 6,6 is made by polymerizing equal molar quantities of adipic acid and hexamethylene diamine (HMDA).
Adipic acid is made by a two-step air and nitric acid oxidation of CH (Cyclohexane).
The adipic acid is converted to HMDA by the reduction of adiponitrile (an intermediate).
Adipic acid produced from CH (Cyclohexane) is also used to manufacture esters for plasticizers and synthetic lubricants, as well as produce polyurethanes (synthetic leather).
Most CH (Cyclohexane) goes into the production of intermediates for nylon, which has a variety of common applications such as clothing, tents and carpets as well as thermoplastics.
CH (Cyclohexane) is also used as a solvent in chemical and industrial processes and recently has been substituted for benzene in many applications.
CH (Cyclohexane) derivatives
The specific arrangement of functional groups in CH (Cyclohexane) derivatives, and indeed in most cycloalkane molecules, is extremely important in chemical reactions, especially reactions involving nucleophiles.
Substituents on the ring must be in the axial formation to react with other molecules.
For example, the reaction of bromoCH (Cyclohexane) and a common nucleophile, a hydroxide anion , would result in cyclohexene.
This reaction, commonly known as an elimination reaction or dehalogenation (specifically E2), requires that the bromine substituent be in the axial formation, opposing another axial H atom to react.
Assuming that the bromoCH (Cyclohexane) was in the appropriate formation to react, the E2 reaction would commence as such:
The electron pair bond between the C-Br moves to the Br, forming Br− and setting it free from CH (Cyclohexane)
The nucleophile (-OH) gives an electron pair to the adjacent axial H, setting H free and bonding to it to create H2O
The electron pair bond between the adjacent axial H moves to the bond between the two C-C making it C=C
Note:All three steps happen simultaneously, characteristic of all E2 reactions.
The reaction above will generate mostly E2 reactions and as a result the product will be mostly (~70%) cyclohexene.
However, the percentage varies with conditions, and generally, two different reactions (E2 and Sn2) compete.
In the above reaction, an Sn2 reaction would substitute the bromine for a hydroxyl (OH-) group instead, but once again, the Br must be in axial to react.
Once the SN2 substitution is complete, the newly substituted OH group would flip back to the more stable equatorial position quickly (~1 millisecond).
CH (Cyclohexane) is a volatile solvent used as a harmless substitute for dangerous organic solvents in several products, such as paint thinners, gasoline and adhesives.
Nearly all CH (Cyclohexane) is used to make cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone, which, in turn, are used mainly as precursors for the production of adipic acid and caprolactam, respectively.
Other uses for CH (Cyclohexane) include various solvent applications and the production of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone for nonprecursor use.
As a result of CH (Cyclohexane)’s intrinsic link to the polyamide chain and its use in automobiles, construction, and textiles, global CH (Cyclohexane) demand remains strongly influenced by macroeconomic conditions.
CH (Cyclohexane) is consumed largely for nylon 6 fibres, resins, and films.
CH (Cyclohexane) is produced commercially by the hydrogenation of benzene and by the fractionation and purification of hydrocarbon streams.
There are both liquid- and vapour-phase process technologies for CH (Cyclohexane) production.
Hydrogenation of benzene is the predominant method, accounting for 100% of world CH (Cyclohexane) capacity.
Since highpurity CH (Cyclohexane) is required for caprolactam and most adipic acid production, the higher-purity benzene-derived material is far more important commercially.
Purity is a function of benzene and hydrogen feed and can be as high as 99.99% with some commercial processes.
CH (Cyclohexane) is mainly used in the manufacture of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone.
CH (Cyclohexane) is widely used as a solvent in the paint industry.
CH (Cyclohexane) is also used as a solvent in organic synthesis, extraction solvent, pigment diluent.
Most CH (Cyclohexane) is used to make adipic acid, caprolactam and hexamethylene diamine (98% of total consumption), a small part is used to make cyclohexylamine and other aspects, such as fibre ethers, fats, wax, asphalt, resin and rubber solvent; organic and recrystallization media, paint and varnish remover, etc.
CH (Cyclohexane) can be used as a raw material for nylon 6 and nylon 66.
CH (Cyclohexane) can also be used as a polymerization diluent, paint remover, detergent, adipic acid extractant and binder.
Uses:
Solvent for lacquers and resins. Paint and varnish remover.
In the extraction of essential oils. In analytical chemistry for mol wt determinations (cryoscopic constant 20.3).
In the manufacture of adipic acid, benzene, cyclohexyl chloride, nitroCH (Cyclohexane), cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone.
In the manufacture of solid fuel for camp stoves.
In fungicidal formulations (possesses slight fungicidal action).
In the industrial recrystallization of steroids.
Colorless liquid with a sweet, chloroform-like odour.
A detection odor threshold concentration of 2,700 mg/m3 (784 ppmv) was experimentally determined by Dravnieks (1974).
An odor threshold concentration of 2.7 ppbv was reported by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990).
CH (Cyclohexane) is a petroleum product obtained by distilling C4- 400°F boiling range naphtha, followed by fractionation and superfractionation, also formed by catalytic hydrogenation of benzene.
CH (Cyclohexane) is used extensively as a solvent for lacquers and resins, as a paint and varnish remover, and in the manufacture of adipic acid, benzene, cyclohexanol, and cyclohexanone.
Commercially most of CH (Cyclohexane) produced is converted into cyclohexanone-cyclohexanol mixture (or "KA oil") by catalytic oxidation.
KA oil is then used as a raw material for adipic acid and caprolactam.
Practically, if the cyclohexanol content of KA oil is higher than cyclohexanone, it is more likely(economical) to be converted into adipic acid, and the reverse case, caprolactam production is more likely.
Such ratio in KA oil can be controlled by selecting suitable oxidation catalyts.
Some of CH (Cyclohexane) is used as an organic solvent.
CH (Cyclohexane) often is used by the industrial industry.
For example, almost 90% of CH (Cyclohexane) is used in making nylon fiber and nylon molding resin and the rest of it is used in solvents for paint, resins, and plasticizers.
Also CH (Cyclohexane) is used as an organic solvent.
CH (Cyclohexane) is a component of petroleum.
To produce commercially, CH (Cyclohexane) has to convert into cyclohexanone-cyclohexanol mixture.
CH (Cyclohexane) can be used for calibration of differential scanning calorimetry instruments and surface combustion. (heat treating equipment)
Reactivity Profile
Liquid nitrogen dioxide was fed into a nitration column containing hot CH (Cyclohexane), due to an error.
Purification Methods
CH (Cyclohexane) is best to purify it by washing with conc H2SO4 until the washings are colourless, followed by water, aqueous Na2CO3 or 5% NaOH, and again water until neutral.
CH (Cyclohexane) is then dried with P2O5, Linde type 4A molecular sieves, CaCl2, or MgSO4 then Na and distilled.
CH (Cyclohexane) has been refluxed with and distilled from Na, CaH2, LiAlH4 (which also removes peroxides), sodium/potassium alloy, or P2O5.
Traces of *benzene can be removed by passage through a column of silica gel that has been freshly heated: this gives material suitable for ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy.
If there is much *benzene in the CH (Cyclohexane), most of it can be removed by a preliminary treatment with nitrating acid (a cold mixture of 30mL conc HNO3 and 70mL of conc H2SO4) which converts *benzene into nitrobenzene.
The impure CH (Cyclohexane) and the nitrating acid are placed in an ice bath and stirred vigorously for 15minutes, after which the mixture is allowed to warm to 25o during 1hour.
The CH (Cyclohexane) is decanted, washed several times with 25% NaOH, then water, dried with CaCl2, and distilled from sodium. Carbonyl-containing impurities can be removed as described for chloroform.
Other purification procedures include passage through columns of activated alumina and repeated crystallisation by partial freezing.
Small quantities may be purified by chromatography on a Dowex 710-Chromosorb W gas-liquid chromatographic column.
Flammable liquid.
Rapid purification:
Distil, discarding the forerun. Stand distillate over Grade I alumina (5% w/v) or 4A molecular sieves.
General Description
A clear colourless liquid with a petroleum-like odour.
Used to make nylon, as a solvent, paint remover, and to make other chemicals.
Flashpoint -4°F.
Density 6.5 lb/gal (less than water) and insoluble in water.
Vapours heavier than air.
Chemical Properties
colorless liquid
CH (Cyclohexane) is an acyclic hydrocarbon from the Cycloalkane family.
CH (Cyclohexane) is used as a non polar solvent in the chemical industry and a reactant in industrial production of Adipic acid and caprolactam, intermediates in Nylon production.
Pure CH (Cyclohexane) is non-reactive and is typically only used as a solvent.
The oxidation of CH (Cyclohexane) provides cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone.
They are much more reactive and are used among others as a raw material for the production of adipic acid and caprolactam.
CH (Cyclohexane) is mainly used for the industrial production of adipic acid and caprolactam, which are precursors to nylon.
CH (Cyclohexane) is a colourless, flammable liquid with a distinctive detergent-like odor, reminiscent of cleaning products (in which it is sometimes used).
Description
CH (Cyclohexane) is a cycloalkane with the molecular formula C6H12.
CH (Cyclohexane) is a colourless, flammable liquid with a distinctive detergent-like odor, reminiscent of cleaning products (in which it is sometimes used).
Uses:
CH (Cyclohexane), for HPLC 99.8% Cas 110-82-7 - used as a recrystallization solvent, as many organic compounds exhibit good solubility in hot CH (Cyclohexane) and poor solubility at low temperatures.
Production Methods
CH (Cyclohexane) is fractionated from crude oil and may be released wherever petroleum products are refined, stored, and used. Another large source of general release is in exhaust gases from motor vehicles.
CH (Cyclohexane) is prepared synthetically from benzene, by hydrocracking of cyclopentane, or from toluene by simultaneous dealkylation and double bond hydrogenation.
CH (Cyclohexane) is a cycloalkane with the molecular formula C6H12.
CH (Cyclohexane) is used as a nonpolar solvent for the chemical industry, and also as a raw material for the industrial production of adipic acid and caprolactam, both of which are intermediates used in the production of nylon.
On an industrial scale, CH (Cyclohexane) is produced by reacting benzene with hydrogen.
Due to its unique chemical and conformational properties, CH (Cyclohexane) is also used in labs in analysis and as a standard.
Properties
CH (Cyclohexane) is a compound composed of carbon and hydrogen.
CH (Cyclohexane) is a clear and volatile liquid type of organic compound. Its odor is a faint ether-like.
Its molecular formula is C6H12 and has a molecular weight of 84.18. Its boiling point is 80.7C and melting point is 6.47C.
Its vapor density is 2.90, vapor pressure is 97.6 mm Hg at 25 oC ,and flash point is -18 C.
CH (Cyclohexane)'s molecular shape is a hexagon.
The carbon atom in CH (Cyclohexane) are in a hexagonal shape, having a carbon to carbon bonds on both sides and two hydrogen bonds in each of the carbon.
The electronegativity of carbon and hydrogen are about equal therefore making it a nonpolar covalent bonded molecule.
CH (Cyclohexane) is insoluble in water because of its structure and its bond, making it hydrophobic.
CH (Cyclohexane) can be broken down by alcohol, ether, acetone, benzene, and ligroin.
