CHLORHEXIDINE DIACETATE

Chlorhexidine diacetate is a chemical compound belonging to the biguanide class of antiseptics and disinfectants, known for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria, fungi, and some viruses. 
Chlorhexidine diacetate is a disinfectant used for bacterial control in hospital, agricultural and domestic environments. 
Chlorhexidine diacetate has a role as an antibacterial agent, an antiinfective agent, an antifungal agent and an antifouling biocide. 

CAS Number: 56-95-1
Molecular Formula: C26H38Cl2N10O4
Molecular Weight: 625.55
EINECS Number: 200-302-4

Synonyms: Chlorhexidine diacetate, Chlorhexidine acetate, 56-95-1, Hibitane diacetate, Chlorohexidine diacetate, Caswell No. 481E, 10,040 Diacetate, Chlorhexidine di(acetate), Chlorhexidine acetate (VAN), chlorhexidine diacetate salt, EINECS 200-302-4, Chlorhexidine acetate [USP], EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 045502, NSC 526936, Chlorhexidini diacetas, Bis(p-chlorophenyldiguanidohexane) diacetate, 5908ZUF22Y, 1,6-Bis(p-chlorophenylbiguanido)hexane diacetate, NSC-526936, 1,6-Di(4'-chlorophenyldiguanidino)hexane diacetate, Chlorhexidine acetate (USP), 1,6-Bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguandino)hexane diacetate, 1,1'-Hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide)diacetate, DTXCID5012345, DTXSID7032345, 1,1'-Hexamethylene bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide) diacetate, 1,1'-Hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide) diacetate, CHEBI:81711, CHLORHEXIDINE DIACETATE [MI], CHLORHEXIDINE ACETATE [MART.], 2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-, diacetate, CHLORHEXIDINE ACETATE [USP-RS], CHLORHEXIDINE DIACETATE [WHO-DD], CHLORHEXIDINE DIACETATE [WHO-IP], CHLORHEXIDINE ACETATE [GREEN BOOK], CHLORHEXIDINE ACETATE [USP MONOGRAPH], CHLORHEXIDINI DIACETAS [WHO-IP LATIN], BIGUANIDE, 1,1'-HEXAMETHYLENEBIS(5-(p-CHLOROPHENYL)-, DIACETATE, CHLORHEXIDINE DIACETATE [EP MONOGRAPH], 2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, N,N'-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-, diacetate, 1,1'-Hexamethylenebis[5-(4-chlorophenyl)biguanide] Diacetate, 1,1'-Hexamethylenebis[5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide] diacetate, 1,1'-HEXAMETHYLENEBIS(5-(4-CHLOROPHENYL)BIGUANIDE) DIACETATE, CHLORHEXIDINE ACETATE (MART.), CHLORHEXIDINE ACETATE (USP-RS), N,N'-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradeca-nediimidamide, diacetate, CHLORHEXIDINE ACETATE (USP MONOGRAPH), CHLORHEXIDINE DIACETATE (EP MONOGRAPH), Serdaen, Gout Ointment, Nail fungus cream, anti-bacterial gel, N,N''''-hexane-1,6-diylbis(N'-(4-chlorophenyl)triimidodicarbonic diamide) acetate (1:2), N,N''''-hexane-1,6-diylbis[N'-(4-chlorophenyl)triimidodicarbonic diamide] acetate (1:2), AntibacterialTablets, Nail Fungus Liquid, acetic acid--N,N''''-hexane-1,6-diylbis(N'-(4-chlorophenyl)triimidodicarbonic diamide) (2/1), acetic acid--N,N''''-hexane-1,6-diylbis[N'-(4-chlorophenyl)triimidodicarbonic diamide] (2/1), Nail Fungus Solution, FROST-PROOF, Nolvasan Surgical Scrub, HOQU Nail fungus cream, Disinfectant Fabric Wash, Hoqu Nail Fungus Liquid, Nolvadent Oral Cleansing, DERMA SOFT N DRY, Hoqu Nail Fungus Solution, CHLROHEXIDINE ACETATE, Nolvasan Antiseptic Ointment, Privasan Antiseptic Ointment, Dr. Zheng s acteriostatic gel, ANTI MUCEDINE FEMININE WASH, CHLORHEXIDINE DIACETATE [INCI], Bis(pchlorophenyldiguanidohexane) diacetate, 1,6Bis(pchlorophenylbiguanido)hexane diacetate, HYDROGEL ESSENCE Antimicrobial Virginal Gel., ZEDOARY OILS FEMININE ANTIBACTERIAL GELS, 1,6Di(4'chlorophenyldiguanidino)hexane diacetate, 1,6Bis(5(pchlorophenyl)biguandino)hexane diacetate, MOTHERWORT HERB FEMININE ANTIBACTERIAL GELS, PLANT HERB BASED BACTERIOSTATIC FEMININE WASH, CHINESE HERB ESSENCE BACTERIOSTATIC FEMININE WASH, 1,1'Hexamethylene bis(5(pchlorophenyl)biguanide) diacetate, 1,1'Hexamethylenebis(5(pchlorophenyl)biguanide) diacetate, Biguanide, 1,1'hexamethylenebis(5(pchlorophenyl), diacetate, 2,4,11,13Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, N,N''bis(4chlorophenyl)3,12diimino, diacetate, N,N''Bis(4chlorophenyl)3,12diimino2,4,11,13tetraazatetradeca nediimidamide, diacetate, 2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-, diacetate (9CI), Bactigras, Chlorhexidine (diacetate), 206986-79-0, acetic acid;(1E)-2-[6-[[amino-[(E)-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]amino]methylidene]amino]hexyl]-1-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]guanidine, Chlorhexidine diacetate salt hydrate, 2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide,N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-, diacetate, UNII-5908ZUF22Y, N',N'''''-hexane-1,6-diylbis[N-(4-chlorophenyl)(imidodicarbonimidic diamide)] diacetate, chlorhexidine acetate hydrate, CHEMBL486819, 1,1'-Hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide), diacetate, HY-W013699R, MSK14514, Tox21_302363, Chlorhexidine (diacetate) (Standard), s6288, AKOS007930358, CS-W014415, HY-W013699, CAS-56-95-1, NCGC00091025-03, NCGC00255277-01, AS-12655, DA-51849, C2511, C18372, D07669, A831251, Chlorhexidine diacetate salt hydrate, bis(biguanide) antimicrobial, Chlorhexidine acetate, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material, (1E)-2-[6-[[azanyl-[(E)-[azanyl-[(4-chlorophenyl)amino]methylidene]amino]methylidene]amino]hexyl]-1-[azanyl-[(4-chlorophenyl)amino]methylidene]guanidine; ethanoic acid, acetic acid; 2-[amino-[6-[[amino-[(E)-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]amino]methylidene]amino]hexylimino]methyl]-1-(4-chlorophenyl)guanidine, Hibitaneacetate;N,N’’-Bis(4-Chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4-11,13-tetraazatetradcanediimidamide;HIBITANE DIACETATE;CHLORHEXIDINE ACETATE;CHLORHEXIDINE DIACETATE MONOHYDRATE;CHLORHEXIDINE DIACETATE SALT;CHLOROHEXIDINE ACETATE;2-[n'-[6-[[amino-[[amino-[(4-chlorophenyl)amino]methylidene]amino]methylidene]amino]hexyl]carbamimidoyl]-1-(4-chlorophenyl)guanidine diacetate

Chlorhexidine diacetate is the acetate salt of chlorhexidine. 
Chlorhexidine diacetate contains a chlorhexidine.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.

Chlorhexidine diacetate is provided as delivered and specified by the issuing Pharmacopoeia. 
All information provided in support of this product, including SDS and any product information leaflets have been developed and issued under the Authority of the Issuing Pharmacopoeia. 
For further information and support please go to the website of the issuing Pharmacopoeia.

Chlorhexidine diacetate is the diacetate salt form of chlorhexidine, which means it consists of chlorhexidine molecules bound to two acetate ions, enhancing its stability and solubility in various formulations.
Chlorhexidine diacetate works primarily by disrupting the cell membranes of microorganisms, causing leakage of cellular contents and ultimately leading to cell death. 
Due to this mechanism, chlorhexidine diacetate exhibits rapid and effective antimicrobial action, making it a critical agent in infection control and prevention.

Chlorhexidine diacetate is commonly used in medical, veterinary, and personal care products, including antiseptic solutions, surgical scrubs, wound dressings, disinfectants, and oral care formulations such as mouthwashes and dental gels. 
Its ability to provide sustained antimicrobial effects on skin and mucous membranes makes it particularly valuable in reducing the risk of infections during surgical procedures or wound healing.

Because of its relatively low toxicity to human tissues and its effectiveness at low concentrations, chlorhexidine diacetate is favored over many harsher disinfectants, providing a balance between antimicrobial potency and safety. 
Additionally, its salt form allows it to be incorporated easily into water-based formulations, increasing its versatility across different applications.
Chlorhexidine diacetate is a disinfectant and antiseptic used to disinfect skin prior to surgery and to sterilize instruments used prior to surgery. Also found in personal care products for its antiseptic properties.

Chlorhexidine diacetate is a orally active cationic antimicrobial agent that targets microbial cell membranes. 
Chlorhexidine diacetate binds to cell membrane phospholipids non-specifically, destroys membrane structure and induces leakage of cell contents. 
Chlorhexidine diacetate has broad-spectrum bactericidal activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. 

Chlorhexidine diacetate can interfere with membrane permeability, cause protein precipitation and energy metabolism disorders, such as rapid inhibition of microbial growth and induction of cell death (necrosis or apoptosis).
Chlorhexidine diacetate’s relatively low toxicity and minimal systemic absorption when used topically contribute to its favorable safety profile. 
However, care must be taken to avoid its application in certain areas such as the eyes or middle ear, where it can cause irritation or damage. 

Additionally, while hypersensitivity reactions and contact dermatitis are uncommon, some individuals may experience allergic responses, necessitating discontinuation and alternative treatments.
In industrial and commercial contexts, chlorhexidine diacetate is valued for its compatibility with other formulation ingredients and its ability to maintain antimicrobial activity in the presence of organic matter, such as blood or bodily fluids, which often reduce the effectiveness of other disinfectants. 
This robustness makes it suitable for use in healthcare facilities, dental practices, and consumer products designed for hygiene and infection prevention.

Melting point: 153–156 °C  
Storage temp.: 2–8 °C  
Solubility: H2O: 15 mg/mL, clear  
Form: Solid  
Color: White to Almost white  
Water Solubility: 1.9 g/100 mL (20 ºC)  
Merck: 14,2091  
InChIKey: GHXZTYHSJHQHIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N  
SMILES: C(NC(NC(NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1)=N)=N)CCCCCNC(NC(NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1)=N)=N  
LogP: 4.931 (est)  

Chlorhexidine diacetate is a critical antiseptic agent characterized by its broad antimicrobial spectrum, stability in aqueous solutions, and ability to provide prolonged protection against infections. 
Its widespread use across medical, dental, veterinary, and personal care fields underscores its importance as a reliable and effective disinfectant and antiseptic compound, while its safety and efficacy profile support its continued inclusion in numerous infection control protocols worldwide.

Chlorhexidine diacetate should be used with caution in some sensitive individuals, as it may cause skin irritation, allergic reactions, or mucosal discomfort in rare cases. 
Chlorhexidine diacetate is also important to follow proper dosing and application guidelines to maximize its benefits while minimizing potential adverse effects.
In summary, chlorhexidine diacetate is a potent and widely used antimicrobial agent whose chemical structure and properties make it highly effective for disinfection and antisepsis in medical, veterinary, and personal hygiene contexts. 

Chlorhexidine diacetates combination of broad antimicrobial spectrum, persistence, and relative safety ensures it remains an essential compound in infection control worldwide.
Chlorhexidine diacetate is a synthetic chemical compound classified within the biguanide family, and it serves as an important antiseptic and disinfectant agent due to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy. 
Chlorhexidine diacetate is composed of chlorhexidine molecules paired with two acetate anions, which contribute to its solubility in aqueous media and allow it to be formulated effectively in a variety of pharmaceutical and topical products. 

This diacetate salt form enhances the compound’s stability and facilitates its delivery to target sites such as skin, mucous membranes, or wounds.
The antimicrobial mechanism of chlorhexidine diacetate primarily involves binding to negatively charged bacterial cell walls and membranes, which disrupts membrane integrity and increases permeability. 
This disturbance causes leakage of essential intracellular components, such as potassium ions and nucleotides, ultimately leading to the death of the microorganism. 

In addition to its bactericidal effects, chlorhexidine diacetate exhibits fungicidal and limited antiviral properties, making it highly versatile in preventing infections caused by a wide array of pathogens including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, and enveloped viruses.
Because of these properties, chlorhexidine diacetate is widely utilized in healthcare settings for preoperative skin preparation, surgical hand scrubs, wound cleansing, and the prevention of catheter-related infections. 

Its sustained residual activity on the skin surface provides a lasting antimicrobial barrier, reducing microbial colonization over extended periods. 
Furthermore, chlorhexidine diacetate is incorporated into formulations such as medicated creams, gels, mouth rinses, and veterinary antiseptics, where it serves as a key active ingredient for infection control.

Uses Of Chlorhexidine diacetate:
Chlorhexidine diacetate is a disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque. 
Chlorhexidine diacetate is a cationic broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent belonging to the bis(biguanide) family. 
Its mechanism of action involves destabilization of the outer bacterial membrane. 

Chlorhexidine diacetate is effective on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, although it is less effective with some Gram-negative bacteria. 
Chlorhexidine diacetate has both bactericidal and bacteriostatic mechanisms of action. 
Aqueous solutions of chlorhexidine are most stable within the pH range of 5-8. 

Above pH 8.0 chlorhexidine base is precipitated and in more acid conditions there is gradual deterioration of activity because the compound is less stable. 
Chlorhexidine diacetate is used primarily as a topical antiseptic/disinfectant in wound healing, at catheterization sites, in various dental applications and in surgical scrubs.
Antimicrobial agent in, e.g., cosmetic and disinfection solutions, eye drops, uterine antiseptics, toothpaste, mouthwash, hand and wound deansers.

These Secondary Standards are qualified as Certified Reference Materials. 
These are suitable for use in several analytical applications including but not limited to pharma release testing, pharma method development for qualitative and quantitative analyses, food and beverage quality control testing, and other calibration requirements.
Chlorhexidine diacetate is extensively used in the medical and healthcare sectors due to its powerful and broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties, which make it highly effective in preventing and controlling infections in clinical settings. 

One of its primary applications is in preoperative skin antisepsis, where it is applied to the skin before surgical procedures to reduce the risk of postoperative infections by eliminating transient and resident bacteria on the skin surface. 
Chlorhexidine diacetate is also a key ingredient in surgical hand scrubs used by healthcare professionals to minimize microbial contamination on their hands before performing sterile procedures.

In addition, chlorhexidine diacetate is utilized in wound care products, such as antiseptic creams, ointments, and gels, where it helps prevent bacterial colonization and infection in cuts, burns, ulcers, and surgical wounds, thereby promoting faster healing and reducing complications. 
Its persistent antimicrobial action helps maintain a sterile environment on the wound surface over an extended period.
Another important medical use includes catheter care, where chlorhexidine diacetate-based solutions and dressings are used to prevent catheter-related bloodstream infections by disinfecting insertion sites and catheter hubs, significantly lowering infection rates in hospitalized patients.

In dentistry, chlorhexidine diacetate is a well-established antimicrobial agent incorporated into mouthwashes, oral rinses, gels, and sprays designed to control plaque formation, reduce gingivitis, and manage periodontal diseases. 
Its ability to reduce oral bacterial populations makes it effective in preventing dental caries and controlling bad breath. 
Chlorhexidine diacetate is also used as a disinfectant for dental instruments and surfaces to maintain hygiene and prevent cross-contamination.

Chlorhexidine diacetate finds important uses in veterinary medicine, where it is used as an antiseptic for skin cleansing, wound treatment, and surgical preparation in animals.
Chlorhexidine diacetates broad antimicrobial spectrum helps in managing infections in domestic pets and livestock, making it a valuable component of veterinary antiseptic sprays, shampoos, and topical ointments.
Beyond clinical and veterinary uses, chlorhexidine diacetate is incorporated into a variety of personal care products such as antibacterial soaps, hand sanitizers, disinfectant wipes, and feminine hygiene gels. 

These products leverage its antimicrobial efficacy to reduce the microbial load on the skin and mucous membranes, helping to prevent infections and maintain personal hygiene.
Chlorhexidine diacetate is also employed as a disinfectant and preservative in industrial and commercial settings, including the sanitation of medical devices, hospital surfaces, and textiles. 
Its compatibility with various formulation types allows it to be used in cleaning solutions, disinfectant sprays, and fabric washes designed to control microbial contamination and prolong the usability of materials.

In some agricultural applications, chlorhexidine diacetate may be used to control microbial growth on equipment or in animal husbandry environments, contributing to disease prevention and biosecurity. 
Its antimicrobial properties help reduce the spread of infections in farm animals and protect the quality of agricultural products.

Safety Profile Of Chlorhexidine diacetate:
Chlorhexidine diacetate can cause irritation to the skin and eyes upon direct contact, especially when used in higher concentrations or with prolonged exposure. 
Individuals handling the compound or products containing it may experience redness, itching, or discomfort on the skin, while contact with eyes can lead to burning sensations, watering, and inflammation. 
Therefore, appropriate protective measures such as gloves and eye protection are recommended when working with concentrated forms of this chemical.

Although relatively uncommon, some individuals may develop allergic reactions or sensitization to chlorhexidine diacetate, which can manifest as dermatitis, rash, swelling, or respiratory symptoms such as wheezing and asthma-like responses. 
Repeated exposure increases the risk of developing such hypersensitivity, making it crucial to monitor any adverse reactions and discontinue use if symptoms arise. 
In clinical settings, healthcare workers and patients with known allergies to chlorhexidine should avoid exposure.

Inhalation of aerosols or dust containing chlorhexidine diacetate may cause respiratory tract irritation and discomfort, including coughing and difficulty breathing, particularly in poorly ventilated areas or when large quantities are involved. 
To mitigate these risks, the use of proper ventilation systems and respiratory protective equipment is advised during manufacturing, formulation, or cleaning processes involving Chlorhexidine diacetate.

Chlorhexidine diacetate has a low acute systemic toxicity when used topically or in controlled doses; however, accidental ingestion or injection can lead to more severe toxic effects, including gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting, and in extreme cases, systemic toxicity that requires immediate medical intervention. 
Chlorhexidine diacetate is important to keep chlorhexidine-containing products out of reach of children and to follow usage instructions carefully to avoid accidental poisoning.