PRODUCTS

CHLORHEXIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE

Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is also used on plasters, in ointments or powders and as an effective preservative against bacteria and moulds in cosmetics.
Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is used as a liquid or a powder.
Chlorhexidine Dihydrochlorideis commonly used in salt form, either the gluconate or the acetate.

CAS Number: 3697-42-5
EC Number: 223-026-6
MDL number: MFCD00068998
Molecular Formula: C22H30Cl2N10
Molecular Weight: 505.45 g/mol

SYNONYMS:
1,1'-Hexamethylene-bis[5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide] dihydrochloride, Chlorhexidine HCl, Chlorhexidine digluconate (in some contexts), CHX dihydrochloride, Chlorhexidine hydrochloride, Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride, Chlorhexidine HCl, Chlorhexidine hydrochloride, Chlorhexidinium dichloride, Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride, CHLORHEXIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE, 3697-42-5, Chlorhexidine HCl, Arlacide H, Caswell No. 481F, Dantroche hibitane, Chlorhexidinium dichloride, chlorhexidine, AY-5312, EINECS 223-026-6, UNII-E64XL9U38K, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 481700, Chlorhexidine (dihydrochloride), E64XL9U38K, chlorhexidinedihydrochloride, NSC-756679, 2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-, dihydrochloride, 1,1'-Hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide) dihydrochloride, Biguanide, 1,1'-hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)-, dihydrochloride, NSC 756679, Chlorhexidine hydrochloride [USAN:USP:BAN:JAN], 2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, N,N'-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-, dihydrochloride, 1,1'-HEXAMETHYLENEBIS(5-(P-CHLOROPHENYL)BIGUANIDE)DIHYDROCHLORIDE, Chlorhexidine 2HCl, N1,N14-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide dihydrochloride, CHLORHEXIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE (MART.), CHLORHEXIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE [MART.], Chlorhexidine hydrochloride (USAN:USP:BAN:JAN), 2,4,11,13-TEtraazatetradecanamide, 14-[(4-chlorophenyl)amino]-3,12,14-triimino, CHLORHEXIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE (USP IMPURITY), CHLORHEXIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE (USP MONOGRAPH), CHLORHEXIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE [USP IMPURITY], CHLORHEXIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE [USP MONOGRAPH], CHLORHEXIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE (EP MONOGRAPH), CHLORHEXIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE [EP MONOGRAPH], DTXSID7047144, 1,1'-Hexamethylenebis(5-(4-chlorophenyl)biguanide) dihydrochloride, 1,1'-Hexamethylenebis[5-(4-chlorophenyl)biguanide] Dihydrochloride, Nolvasan Cap-Tabs, Nolvasan Suspension, MFCD00068998, Dantroche hibitane (TN), Hydrochloride, Chlorhexidine, SCHEMBL3616, Chlorhexidine dihydrochloirde, SPECTRUM1500177, CHEMBL1484251, DTXCID5027144, SCHEMBL23926400, CHEBI:31393, HY-B1145R, HMS1920M21, (1E)-2-[6-[[amino-[(E)-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]amino]methylidene]amino]hexyl]-1-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]guanidine;dihydrochloride, HY-B1145, Tox21_302689, 1,1'-Hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide), dihydrochloride, CCG-38942, s3067, AKOS015895378, Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride, >=98%, AC-4684, CS-4749, KS-5084, Chlorhexidine hydrochloride (JP17/USP), CHLORHEXIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE [JAN], NCGC00094621-01, NCGC00094621-02, NCGC00256637-01, CHLORHEXIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE [MI], CHLORHEXIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE [USAN], CAS-3697-42-5, Chlorhexidine (dihydrochloride) (Standard), CHLORHEXIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE [WHO-DD], CHLORHEXIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE [WHO-IP], CHLORHEXIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE [GREEN BOOK], D01345, W-106576, 2,4,11,13-TEtraazatetradecanamide,14-[(4-chlorophenyl)amino]-3,12,14-triimino, Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard, Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material, 1,6-Bis(N5-[p-chlorophenyl]-N1-biguanido)hexane; 1,1′-Hexamethylenebis(5-[p-chlorophenyl]biguanide), Lisium, Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride, N1,N14-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide hydrochloride (1:2), N,N''-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide dihydrochloride, 1,1'-Hexamethylenebis[5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide] dihydrochloride, AY 5312, Arlacide H, Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride, Chlorhexidine hydrochloride, Chlorhexidinium dichloride, Chlorohexidine dihydrochloride, Lisium, Sebidin

Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is a member of guanidines.
Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is a disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.
Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride is an orally active antimicrobial agent.

Chlorhexidine dihydrochloride can damage the bacteria cell wall, inhibit proliferation of S. sobrinus and induce DNA damage.
Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial biguanide used as a topical antiseptic and in dental practice for the treatment of inflammatory dental conditions caused by microorganisms.

Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is one of the most common skin and mucous membrane antiseptic agents in use today.
The molecule of Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is a cationic bis-guanide consisting of two 4-chlorophenyl rings and two biguanide groups joined by a central hexamethylene chain.

Topical chlorhexidine for disinfection, as well as oral rinses for dental use, carries activity against a broad range of pathogens including bacteria, yeasts, and viruses.
Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is a disinfectant and antiseptic with the molecular formula C22H30Cl2N10, which is used for skin disinfection before surgery and to disinfect surgical instruments.

Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride came into medical use in the 1950s and is available over the counter in the United States.
Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
In 2022, Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride was the 230th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions.

Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is an anti-microbial agent that acts as an inhibitor of MMP-2 and MMP-9 metalloproteinases.
However, MMP-2 is more sensitive to chlorhexidine than MMP-9.
Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride inhibits the collagenase activity of MMP-8 released by PMA-triggered polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in a dose-dependent manner.

Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride may possibly act through a cation-chelating mechanism.
Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is characterized as being a strong base with cationic properties.
Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is available in both freebase and stable salt forms, with a white or yellowish appearance.

Chlorhexidine diacetate (CHA), chlorhexidine dihydrochloride, chlorhexidine digluconate, chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) and chlorhexidine phosphanilate3 are chlorhexidine solutions that are colorless, odorless and have an extremely bitter taste.
Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is an anti-microbial agent that acts as an inhibitor of MMP-2 and MMP-9

In healthcare or commercial use, CHG is one of the more commonly used forms of the chlorhexidine salts due to its ability to dissolve in water and deliver the molecule in an effective way.
Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is intended for laboratory use only, and it is not meant for human consumption.

Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is a chemical antiseptic.
Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is effective on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, although it is less effective with some Gram-negative bacteria.

Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride has both bactericidal and bacteriostatic mechanisms of action, the mechanism of action being membrane disruption, not ATPase inactivation as previously thought.
Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is also useful against fungi and enveloped viruses, though this has not been extensively investigated.

Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is an odorless white crystalline powder.
Gingivitis is caused by the bacteria that grow in the coating (plaque) that forms on your teeth between tooth brushings.
Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride destroys the bacteria, thereby preventing the gingivitis from occurring.

However, Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride does not prevent plaque and tartar from forming; proper tooth brushing and flossing are still necessary and important.
Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is available only with your dentist's or medical doctor's prescription.

USES and APPLICATIONS of CHLORHEXIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE:
Oral Care Products uses of Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride: Found in mouthwashes and dental rinses to reduce plaque, gingivitis, and oral infections.
Veterinary Use of Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride: Applied as an antiseptic for cleaning animal wounds and preventing infections.
Medical Instrument Sterilization: Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is utilized for disinfecting surgical instruments and surfaces.

Skin and Hand Hygiene: Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is incorporated into soaps and skin disinfectants in hospitals and clinics.
Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is used for research use only.
Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is an antiseptic mainly used in dental medicines like mouth rinses, sprays or toothpaste to prevent plaque and gingivitis.

Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is also used on plasters, in ointments or powders and as an effective preservative against bacteria and moulds in cosmetics.
Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is also used for cleaning wounds, preventing dental plaque, treating yeast infections of the mouth, and to keep urinary catheters from blocking.

Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is used as a liquid or a powder.
Chlorhexidine Dihydrochlorideis commonly used in salt form, either the gluconate or the acetate.
Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is used in pregnancy appears to be safe.

Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride may come mixed in alcohol, water, or surfactant solution.
Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is effective against a range of microorganisms, but does not inactivate spores.

In cosmetics and personal care products, Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride and its salts (chlorhexidine dihydrochloride, chlorhexidine digluconate, chlorhexidine diacetate) are used in the production of eye makeup, makeup foundations, mouthwashes, hair dyes and bleaches, and other skin and hair care products.

Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is used to treat gingivitis.
Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride helps to reduce the inflammation (redness) and swelling of your gums and to reduce gum bleeding.

Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is used in disinfectants (disinfection of the skin and hands), cosmetics (additive to creams, toothpaste, deodorants, and antiperspirants), and pharmaceutical products (preservative in eye drops, active substance in wound dressings and antiseptic mouthwashes).

In endodontics, Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride has been used for root canal irrigation and as an intracanal dressing.
Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is harmful in high concentrations, but is used safely in low concentrations in many products, such as mouthwash and contact lens solutions.

-Antiseptic uses of Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride:
Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, facultative anaerobes, aerobes, and yeasts.
Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria (in concentrations ≥ 1 μg/L).

Significantly higher concentrations (10 to more than 73 μg/mL) are required for Gram-negative bacteria and fungi.
Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is ineffective against polioviruses and adenoviruses.

The effectiveness against herpes viruses has not yet been established unequivocally.
There is strong evidence that Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is more effective than povidone-iodine for clean surgery.

Evidence shows that Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is an effective antiseptic for upper limb surgery.
Meta-data spanning several decades shows that the efficacy of Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride (against organisms that cause surgical site infection) has not changed, dispelling concerns over emerging resistance.

-Dental use of Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride:
Use of a Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride-based mouthwash in combination with normal tooth care can help reduce the build-up of plaque and improve mild gingivitis.

There is not enough evidence to determine the effect in moderate to severe gingivitis.
Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride's use as a mouthwash has a number of adverse effects including damage to the mouth lining, tooth discoloration, tartar build-up, and impaired taste.

Extrinsic tooth staining occurs when Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride rinse has been used for four weeks or longer.
Mouthwashes containing Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride which stain teeth less than the classic solution have been developed, many of which contain chelated zinc.

Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is a cation which interacts with anionic components of toothpaste, such as sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium monofluorophosphate, and forms salts of low solubility and reduced antibacterial activity.
Hence, to enhance the antiplaque effect of Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride, "it seems best that the interval between toothbrushing and rinsing with CHX [chlorhexidine] be more than 30 minutes, cautiously close to two hours after brushing"

-Antiseptic and Disinfectant uses of Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride:
Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is used in healthcare to prevent infections by killing or inhibiting bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is common in wound care, surgical scrubs, and hand sanitizers.

BENEFITS OF CHLORHEXIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE:
*Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity:
Effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and enveloped viruses.

*Residual Activity:
Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride provides extended antimicrobial effects on treated surfaces and skin.

*Low Toxicity:
Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride is safe for external use in humans and animals when used as directed.

*Versatility:
Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride can be used in liquid, gel, or powder forms for various applications.

*Reduced Risk of Infections:
Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride helps in maintaining hygiene in medical and dental environments.

WHAT DOES CHLORHEXIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Antimicrobial
*Oral care
*Preservative

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of CHLORHEXIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE:
Molecular Formula: C22H30Cl2N10
Molecular Weight: 505.45 g/mol
Appearance: White to pale yellow crystalline powder.
Odor: Odorless.
Melting Point: ~250°C (decomposes).
Solubility:
Soluble in water (~20 mg/mL at room temperature).
Slightly soluble in alcohol.
pH (aqueous solution): ~5.5–7.0.

Stability: Stable under normal conditions; sensitive to strong oxidizing agents.
Water Solubility: 0.0261 mg/mL
logP: 2.71
logP: 4.51
logS: -4.3
pKa (Strongest Basic): 10.52
Physiological Charge: 4
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 10
Hydrogen Donor Count: 10
Polar Surface Area: 167.58 Å²

Rotatable Bond Count: 9
Refractivity: 181.71 m3·mol-1
Polarizability: 54.54 Å3
Number of Rings: 2
Bioavailability: 0
Rule of Five: No
Ghose Filter: No
Veber's Rule: No
MDDR-like Rule: No
Physical state: solid
Color: No data available

Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity: Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available

Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
CAS number: 3697-42-5

Form: White solid
Hill Formula: C₂₂H₃₀Cl₂N₁₀ · 2HCl
Chemical formula: C₂₂H₃₀Cl₂N₁₀ · 2HCl
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C22H30Cl2N10·2HCl = 578.37
Physical State (20 deg.C): Solid
Storage Temperature: Room Temperature (Recommended in a cool and dark place, <15°C)
CAS RN: 3697-42-5
Reaxys Registry Number: 3850979
PubChem Substance ID: 87566273
Merck Index (14): 2091

MDL Number: MFCD00068998
Chemical Name or Material: Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride
Melting Point: 134°C
Molecular Formula: C22H32Cl4N10
CAS: 3697-42-5
Color: White-Yellow
MDL Number: MFCD00068998
UN Number: 3077
InChI Key: WJLVQTJZDCGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

IUPAC Name: (1E)-2-[6-[[amino-[(E)-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]amino]methylidene]amino]hexyl]-1-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]guanidine;dihydrochloride
PubChem CID: 9571016
Percent Purity: ≥96.0% (T)
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 578.368
Formula Weight: 578.37
Physical Form: Crystalline Powder
CAS Number: 3697-42-5
Chem/IUPAC Name: N,N'-bis(4-Chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediamidine dihydrochloride
EINECS/ELINCS No: 223-026-6
COSING REF No: 32660

FIRST AID MEASURES of CHLORHEXIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of CHLORHEXIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of CHLORHEXIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of CHLORHEXIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of CHLORHEXIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of CHLORHEXIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available