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Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride is the dihydrochloride salt of Chlorhexidine and a cationic bisbiguanide antimicrobial substance.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride provides antibacterial and preservative activity through interactions with microbial cell surfaces and membranes.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride is supplied as a white to off-white crystalline solid for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, oral care, laboratory, and specialty formulation applications.
CAS Number: 3697-42-5
EC Number: 223-026-6
Molecular Formula: C₂₂H₃₂Cl₄N₁₀
Molecular Weight: 578.4 g/mol
SYNONYMS
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride, Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride, Chlorhexidine HCl, Chlorhexidine 2HCl, Chlorhexidine Dihydrogen Chloride, Chlorhexidinium Dichloride, Chlorhexidine Dichloride, Chlorhexidine Chloride, Chlorhexidini Hydrochloridum, Chlorhexidini Hydrochloride, Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloridum, 1,1′-Hexamethylenebis[5-(4-chlorophenyl)biguanide] Dihydrochloride, 1,1′-Hexamethylenebis[5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide] Dihydrochloride, 1,6-Bis[N⁵-(p-chlorophenyl)-N¹-biguanido]hexane Dihydrochloride, 1,6-Bis(4-chlorophenylbiguanido)hexane Dihydrochloride, N,N″-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediamidine Dihydrochloride, 2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, N,N′-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-, Dihydrochloride, N¹,N¹⁴-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide Dihydrochloride, N′,N″″′-Hexane-1,6-diylbis[N-(4-chlorophenyl)(imidodicarbonimidic diamide)] Dihydrochloride, Chlorhexidine Salt with Hydrochloric Acid, Chlorhexidine Bis-Hydrochloride, Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride Salt, Bisbiguanide Antimicrobial Salt, Cationic Bisbiguanide Dihydrochloride, Antimicrobial Bisbiguanide, Pharmaceutical-Grade Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride, Cosmetic-Grade Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride, Laboratory-Grade Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride, Analytical-Grade Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride, Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride Reference Standard, Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride Antimicrobial, Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride Preservative, Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride Oral Care Ingredient, Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride Antiseptic Ingredient, Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride Research Reagent, CAS 3697-42-5, EC 223-026-6, EINECS 223-026-6, UNII E64XL9U38K, PubChem CID 9571016, ChEBI 31393, CHEBI:31393, DTXSID7047144, KEGG D01345, C₂₂H₃₀Cl₂N₁₀·2HCl, C₂₂H₃₂Cl₄N₁₀
APPLICATIONS
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride serves as an antimicrobial active in topical pharmaceutical formulations developed for external application.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride helps control susceptible microorganisms when concentration, formulation type, contact time, and regulatory status are appropriately established.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride supports antiseptic creams formulated for localized application to intact skin.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride provides cationic antimicrobial activity while compatible emollients and emulsifiers control application and skin feel.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride contributes to antiseptic ointments requiring a solid chlorhexidine salt with limited water solubility.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride can remain distributed throughout an appropriate ointment base when particle size and mixing conditions are controlled.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride functions in antimicrobial gels designed for controlled topical deposition.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride requires compatibility testing with gelling polymers because strongly anionic polymers may reduce availability or cause precipitation.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride supports medicated lotions intended to combine antimicrobial activity with broad surface coverage.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride can be incorporated through dissolution, suspension, or dispersion according to the selected vehicle and concentration.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride contributes to topical powders developed to deliver antimicrobial activity in low-moisture formulations.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride allows formulators to avoid the high water content associated with conventional chlorhexidine solutions.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride serves as a preservative in cosmetic formulations where Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride use is legally permitted.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride helps limit microbial growth during storage and repeated consumer use when the complete preservation system is properly validated.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride supports creams and lotions requiring protection against bacteria, yeasts, or molds susceptible to chlorhexidine.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride must be evaluated through preservative efficacy testing rather than assumed to protect every formulation at one universal concentration.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride contributes to cosmetic cleansing gels formulated without strongly incompatible anionic ingredients.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride helps provide antimicrobial preservation while the selected surfactant system delivers cleansing performance.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride functions in liquid hand cleansers containing compatible nonionic, amphoteric, or cationic surfactants.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride may lose activity or form insoluble complexes when combined with unsuitable soaps or strongly anionic surfactants.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride supports personal hygiene formulations intended for controlled antimicrobial cleansing.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride performance depends on available concentration, formulation pH, organic soil, contact time, and rinse conditions.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride contributes to deodorant formulations requiring antimicrobial control of odor-associated microorganisms.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride can complement fragrance and odor-control ingredients when skin compatibility and finished-product safety are established.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride serves as a preservative or antimicrobial ingredient in compatible shampoo formulations.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride requires careful surfactant selection because many conventional anionic shampoo surfactants can reduce chlorhexidine activity.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride supports hair and scalp care products designed for specialized antimicrobial performance.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride must be evaluated for deposition, rinsing, scalp tolerance, polymer compatibility, and regulatory compliance.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride contributes to compatible conditioner formulations containing cationic or nonionic conditioning systems.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride can provide preservative support without introducing the high water content associated with liquid digluconate concentrates.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride functions in oral care formulations where the selected concentration and product category are authorized.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride provides antimicrobial activity against susceptible oral microorganisms while formulation ingredients control taste, retention, and delivery.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride supports toothpaste and dental-gel research involving bisbiguanide antimicrobial systems.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride requires compatibility testing with abrasives, flavor systems, fluoride sources, thickeners, and anionic surfactants.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride contributes to mouth-care tablets, lozenges, or solid delivery systems developed under pharmaceutical controls.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride enables a solid salt form to be incorporated into accurately dosed oral formulations when safety and efficacy are validated.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride serves as an antimicrobial ingredient in dental materials designed to release chlorhexidine gradually.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride can be dispersed within compatible resin, cement, polymer, or mineral matrices for controlled-release research.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride supports experimental glass-ionomer and resin-cement formulations intended to limit microbial colonization.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride must be balanced against setting behavior, bond strength, mechanical durability, release rate, and cytocompatibility.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride contributes to antimicrobial dental coatings applied to compatible restorative or prosthetic surfaces.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride can reduce viable microbial attachment when the coating maintains sufficient active availability.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride functions in research on antimicrobial wound dressings and absorbent medical materials.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride can be loaded into fibers, films, foams, hydrogels, or porous matrices for controlled local release.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride supports experimental hydrogel systems developed for sustained antimicrobial delivery.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride release depends on hydrogel charge, crosslink density, water uptake, ionic strength, and surrounding pH.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride contributes to antimicrobial polymer films intended for research or regulated medical applications.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride can be incorporated through physical dispersion, adsorption, ionic interaction, or encapsulation.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride serves as a functional additive in experimental fibers and nonwoven materials.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride can provide localized antimicrobial release when Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride remains accessible to moisture and microbial contact.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride supports antimicrobial coating research for selected medical-device surfaces.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride requires evaluation for release profile, sterilization stability, coating adhesion, tissue compatibility, and regulatory approval.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride contributes to catheter-coating and tubing-material research aimed at reducing microbial surface colonization.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride cannot independently guarantee infection prevention without complete device design and clinical validation.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride functions in veterinary topical formulations where the active ingredient and intended species are authorized.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride supports localized antimicrobial treatment while vehicle design controls retention and application.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride serves as a starting material for the preparation or study of alternative chlorhexidine salts.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride allows ion-exchange, precipitation, crystallization, and salt-conversion experiments under controlled laboratory conditions.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride supports analytical method development for chlorhexidine identification and quantification.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride can be evaluated by chromatographic, spectroscopic, electrophoretic, or titrimetric techniques.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride functions as a reference material in pharmaceutical quality-control laboratories.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride supports assay verification, retention-time confirmation, system-suitability testing, and impurity analysis.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride contributes to high-performance liquid chromatography method validation.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride allows analysts to evaluate linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, detection limits, and quantification limits.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride supports stability-indicating analytical procedures designed to separate Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride from degradation products.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride testing can include monitoring of aromatic degradation impurities formed during unsuitable heat or pH exposure.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride serves as a microbiological research reagent for determining susceptibility of bacterial strains.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride can be used in minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration studies under standardized conditions.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride supports membrane-interaction research involving Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride allows researchers to examine membrane depolarization, permeability changes, leakage, and loss of cellular viability.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride contributes to biofilm research involving dental, medical, industrial, or environmental microorganisms.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride can be evaluated for prevention of attachment, reduction of established biofilm viability, and interaction with extracellular matrices.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride functions in comparative studies involving chlorhexidine free base, diacetate, digluconate, and other salts.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride helps researchers determine how counterion, solubility, concentration, and formulation influence antimicrobial performance.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride supports preservative challenge testing during development of cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride can be assessed against representative bacteria, yeasts, and molds over defined storage intervals.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride contributes to antimicrobial surface studies involving textiles, plastics, ceramics, and composite materials.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride can be adsorbed, immobilized, encapsulated, or dispersed according to the chemistry of the selected substrate.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride serves as a cationic antimicrobial component in experimental nanoparticle and microparticle delivery systems.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride release can be modified through particle composition, coating chemistry, porosity, and environmental conditions.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride supports research on sustained-release systems triggered by moisture, pH, ionic exchange, or polymer degradation.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride allows local active concentration to be maintained while reducing rapid bulk release.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride contributes to formulation screening involving nonionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, polyols, and compatible solvents.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride compatibility testing helps identify combinations that preserve dispersion stability and antimicrobial availability.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride functions in laboratory studies evaluating adsorption to negatively charged surfaces.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride displays strong ionic interactions with many biological membranes, polymers, minerals, and particulate materials.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride supports research on antimicrobial substantivity after deposition onto compatible surfaces.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride may remain associated with negatively charged substrates and release gradually during subsequent exposure to moisture.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride contributes to quality-control testing of raw materials used in regulated formulations.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride specifications may include identity, assay, water content, related substances, residue, color, and microbiological quality.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride serves as a laboratory control in studies of cationic antimicrobial resistance and adaptation.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride allows researchers to compare susceptibility changes after repeated or sublethal antimicrobial exposure.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride supports research into interactions between antimicrobial agents and organic matter.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride activity can be reduced by proteins, blood components, anionic substances, or strongly adsorptive surfaces.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride contributes to formulation studies requiring a crystalline chlorhexidine salt rather than a concentrated aqueous solution.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride offers precise solid-state weighing while requiring additional attention to dissolution and dispersion.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride enables development of antimicrobial formulations across pharmaceutical, cosmetic, oral care, dental, veterinary, and laboratory fields.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride performance must be confirmed through application-specific safety, stability, compatibility, efficacy, and regulatory assessment.
DESCRIPTION
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride is the dihydrochloride salt of the bisbiguanide compound Chlorhexidine.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride contains one Chlorhexidine molecule associated with two equivalents of hydrochloric acid.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride has the molecular formula C₂₂H₃₀Cl₂N₁₀·2HCl, which can also be written as C₂₂H₃₂Cl₄N₁₀.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride has a calculated molecular weight of approximately 578.4 g/mol.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride contains two para-chlorophenyl groups connected through biguanide units and a central hexamethylene chain.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride gains strong basic and cationic character from the protonated biguanide functionalities.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride is commonly described more precisely as Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride retains the shorter hydrochloride name in pharmaceutical, laboratory, and commercial chemical terminology.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride normally appears as a white to off-white crystalline powder or crystalline solid.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride color and physical appearance can vary slightly with purity, hydration, particle size, and storage history.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride is sparingly soluble in water compared with Chlorhexidine Digluconate.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride water solubility is reported at approximately 0.6–0.8 g/L near 20°C, depending on method and source.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride is very slightly soluble in high-strength ethanol and shows greater solubility in selected polar aprotic solvents.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride laboratory solubility can differ substantially from solubility in finished aqueous formulations containing salts and excipients.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride dissociates into protonated chlorhexidine species and chloride ions when sufficient dissolution occurs.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride antimicrobial activity originates from the positively charged chlorhexidine moiety rather than from the chloride counterions.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride binds electrostatically to negatively charged microbial cell surfaces.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride disrupts membrane organization, alters permeability, collapses membrane potential, and promotes leakage of intracellular components.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride can show growth-inhibiting activity at lower available concentrations and stronger killing activity at higher available concentrations.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride performance remains dependent on microorganism type, exposure time, temperature, formulation, and organic load.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride generally displays strong activity against many Gram-positive bacteria and useful activity against numerous Gram-negative bacteria.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride activity against spores, some viruses, mycobacteria, and resistant biofilms may be limited or formulation dependent.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride can adsorb strongly to biological tissues, mineral surfaces, polymers, and negatively charged particles.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride adsorption may provide useful retention but can also reduce the freely available antimicrobial concentration.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride is incompatible with many strongly anionic surfactants, conventional soaps, and negatively charged polymers.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride may form poorly soluble complexes or lose antimicrobial activity when incompatible anionic ingredients are present.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride compatibility is generally better with appropriately selected nonionic, amphoteric, and cationic formulation ingredients.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride still requires direct compatibility testing because impurities, salts, pH modifiers, and polymers may alter performance.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride has limited aqueous solubility and may precipitate when formulation conditions exceed the solubility limit.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride precipitation can be influenced by concentration, temperature, pH, chloride concentration, ionic strength, and other counterions.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride can be incorporated as a dissolved active, fine suspension, solid dispersion, or controlled-release component.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride incorporation method should reflect the intended dosage form, release profile, particle size, and stability requirements.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride is commonly prepared by protonating Chlorhexidine with hydrochloric acid and isolating the resulting dihydrochloride salt.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride manufacturing requires control of stoichiometry, solvent composition, crystallization, washing, drying, and impurity levels.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride can degrade under excessive heat, unsuitable pH, prolonged light exposure, or oxidative conditions.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride degradation control is important because chlorinated aromatic impurities may be undesirable in regulated applications.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride undergoes thermal decomposition rather than clean atmospheric-pressure boiling.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride has been reported to decompose at approximately 260–262°C, although thermal behavior can vary with analytical method and solid form.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride is nonvolatile under ordinary storage and handling conditions.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride dust can nevertheless become airborne during weighing, charging, milling, sieving, or powder transfer.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride can irritate the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract according to commonly reported hazard classifications.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride also presents significant aquatic hazard concerns and should not be released into drains or natural waters.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride preservative efficacy depends on the freely available active concentration rather than total analytical concentration alone.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride binding to formulation ingredients or packaging surfaces can reduce available antimicrobial activity.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride cosmetic use in the European Union is permitted as a preservative at a maximum of 0.3% calculated as Chlorhexidine.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride use must comply with all product-category, safety-assessment, labeling, and finished-product requirements of the destination market.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride has been assessed in cosmetic safety reviews at concentrations up to 0.16% expressed as Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride regulatory authorization and independent safety-review conclusions represent different frameworks and should not be treated as interchangeable limits.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride can be identified and quantified by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride ultraviolet absorption, chromatographic retention, and impurity profile depend on solvent, pH, mobile phase, and analytical conditions.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride quality should be verified through a current specification appropriate to pharmaceutical, cosmetic, analytical, or research use.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride should not be selected for human or veterinary use solely because a laboratory-grade material has the correct chemical identity.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride offers a stable solid form for weighing, transportation, analytical reference, and controlled-release formulation research.
Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride requires careful attention to low water solubility, ionic incompatibility, biological potency, and environmental hazard.
PROPERTIES
Chemical Name: Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride
Preferred Salt Description: Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride
INCI Name: Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride
Chemical Class: Cationic Bisbiguanide Salt
Substance Type: Antimicrobial and Preservative Substance
Parent Compound: Chlorhexidine
Counterion: Chloride
Salt Stoichiometry: One Chlorhexidine Molecule with Two Hydrochloric Acid Equivalents
CAS Number: 3697-42-5
EC Number: 223-026-6
PubChem CID: 9571016
UNII: E64XL9U38K
ChEBI ID: CHEBI:31393
DSSTox Substance ID: DTXSID7047144
KEGG ID: D01345
Molecular Formula: C₂₂H₃₂Cl₄N₁₀
Alternative Formula: C₂₂H₃₀Cl₂N₁₀·2HCl
Molecular Weight: 578.4 g/mol
Exact Mass: Approximately 578.1536 Da
Monoisotopic Mass: Approximately 576.1566 Da
InChIKey: WJLVQTJZDCGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 8
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 13
Topological Polar Surface Area: Approximately 178 Ų
Physical State: Solid
Appearance: White to Off-White Crystalline Powder or Crystalline Solid
Odor: Odorless or Nearly Odorless
Water Solubility: Sparingly Soluble
Reported Water Solubility: Approximately 0.6–0.8 g/L at 20°C
Ethanol Solubility: Very Slightly Soluble in High-Strength Ethanol
Polar Aprotic Solvent Solubility: Greater Solubility in Selected Laboratory Solvents
Volatility: Negligible under Ordinary Conditions
Boiling Behavior: Decomposes before Boiling
Reported Decomposition Temperature: Approximately 260–262°C
Ionic Character: Strongly Cationic after Dissolution
Primary Function: Antimicrobial Agent
Cosmetic Functions: Preservative, Antimicrobial, and Oral Care Ingredient
Pharmaceutical Functions: Topical Antimicrobial Active and Formulation Preservative, Subject to Approval
Laboratory Functions: Reference Standard, Analytical Reagent, and Microbiological Research Material
Mechanism of Action: Interaction with and Disruption of Microbial Cell Membranes
Lower-Concentration Effect: Predominantly Growth-Inhibiting against Susceptible Microorganisms
Higher-Concentration Effect: Increased Membrane Damage and Microbial Killing
Gram-Positive Activity: Generally Strong
Gram-Negative Activity: Broad but Species and Formulation Dependent
Fungal Activity: Activity against Selected Yeasts and Fungi
Spore Activity: Limited
Biofilm Activity: Formulation, Concentration, Contact-Time, and Organism Dependent
Substantivity: Strong Adsorption to Many Negatively Charged Surfaces
Anionic Surfactant Compatibility: Generally Poor
Soap Compatibility: Generally Poor
Strongly Anionic Polymer Compatibility: Generally Poor
Nonionic Surfactant Compatibility: Often Better, Subject to Testing
Amphoteric Surfactant Compatibility: Formulation Dependent
Cationic Ingredient Compatibility: Often Better, Subject to Testing
Protein Interaction: Strong Binding Can Reduce Freely Available Activity
Organic-Soil Effect: Organic Matter May Reduce Antimicrobial Performance
pH Sensitivity: Solubility and Activity Depend on Formulation pH
Electrolyte Sensitivity: Ionic Strength and Counterions Can Affect Solubility
EU Cosmetic Preservative Maximum: 0.3% Calculated as Chlorhexidine
Cosmetic Safety Review Concentration: Up to 0.16% as Chlorhexidine Dihydrochloride in the Referenced Assessment
Common Hazard Concerns: Skin Irritation, Serious Eye Irritation, Respiratory Irritation, and Aquatic Toxicity
Aquatic Hazard: Very Toxic to Aquatic Life in Commonly Reported Classifications
Environmental Persistence Concern: Avoid Uncontrolled Release
Chemical Stability: Stable under Recommended Storage Conditions
Incompatible Materials: Strong Oxidizing Agents, Strongly Anionic Materials, and Incompatible Reactive Chemicals
Storage Conditions: Cool, Dry, Tightly Closed, and Protected from Light and Contamination
Shelf Life: Grade and Supplier Specification Dependent
FIRST AID
Inhalation: Move the person exposed to Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride dust or aerosol into fresh air and keep the person at rest.
Obtain medical attention if Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride exposure causes coughing, respiratory irritation, wheezing, or breathing difficulty.
Skin Contact: Remove clothing contaminated with Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride and wash the affected skin thoroughly with soap and water.
Obtain medical advice if Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride causes persistent redness, pain, irritation, or an allergic response.
Eye Contact: Immediately rinse eyes exposed to Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride with clean running water for at least 15 minutes while holding the eyelids open.
Remove contact lenses when easy to do, continue rinsing, and obtain prompt medical attention because Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride can cause serious eye irritation.
Ingestion: Rinse the mouth thoroughly after accidental ingestion of Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride and do not induce vomiting unless instructed by medical personnel.
Contact a physician or poison information center after significant Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride ingestion or whenever symptoms develop.
Note to Physicians: Treat Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride exposure symptomatically and provide supportive care.
Assess Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride exposure for irritation, hypersensitivity, respiratory effects, gastrointestinal effects, and the amount and route of exposure.
HANDLING AND STORAGE
Handling: Handle Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride according to good industrial hygiene and pharmaceutical or cosmetic manufacturing practices.
Avoid generating Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride dust and prevent Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride contact with the eyes, skin, clothing, and incompatible ingredients.
Ventilation: Provide effective general ventilation and local exhaust wherever Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride is weighed, milled, transferred, sieved, or charged.
Use suitable respiratory protection when engineering controls cannot adequately control airborne Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride dust.
Storage: Store Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride in tightly closed original or approved containers within a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
Protect Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride from moisture, excessive heat, direct light, oxidizing agents, anionic contamination, and unauthorized access.
Spill and Leak Procedures: Avoid raising Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride dust and collect Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride with a suitable low-dust mechanical method.
Prevent Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride from entering drains, soil, or surface water and transfer Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride waste into labeled disposal containers.
Handling Precautions: Wear chemical-resistant gloves, protective clothing, and tightly fitting safety goggles while handling Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride.
Keep emergency eyewash facilities accessible and consult the current grade-specific Safety Data Sheet before commercial Chlorhexidine Hydrochloride processing.
