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EC / List no.: 235-763-0
CAS no.: 12672-51-4
Cobalt Hydroxide is a highly water insoluble crystalline Cobalt source for uses compatible with higher (basic) pH environments.
Cobalt Hydroxide is generally immediately available in most volumes.
Hydroxide, the OH- anion composed of an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom, is commonly present in nature and is one of the most widely studied molecules in physical chemistry.
Hydroxide compounds have diverse properties and uses, from base catalysis to detection of carbon dioxide.
In a watershed 2013 experiment, scientists at JILA (the Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics) achieved evaporative cooling of compounds for the first time using hydroxide molecules, a discovery that may lead to new methods of controlling chemical reactions and could impact a range of disciplines, including atmospheric science and energy production technologies.
Cobalt Hydroxide has ultra high purity and high purity compositions improve both optical quality and usefulness as scientific standards.
Nanoscale elemental powders and suspensions, as alternative high surface area forms, may be considered.
American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.
Cobalt Hydroxide, typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Cobalt hydroxide or cobaltous hydroxide is the inorganic compound with the formula Co(OH), consisting of divalent cobalt cations Co2+and hydroxide anions HO−.
The pure compound, often called the "beta form" (β-Co(OH)2) is a pink solid insoluble in water.
The name is also applied to a related compound, often called "alpha" or "blue" form (α-Co(OH)2), which incorporates other anions in its molecular structure.
Cobalt Hydroxide is blue and rather unstable.
Cobalt hydroxide is most used as a drying agent for paints, varnishes, and inks, in the preparation of other cobalt compounds, as a catalyst and in the manufacture of battery electrodes.
Cobalt hydroxide, cobalt oxyhydroxide, and cobalt oxide nanomaterials were synthesized through simple soft chemistry.
The cobalt hydroxide displays hexagonal morphology with clear edges 20 nm long.
This morphology and nanosize is retained through to cobalt oxide Co3O4 through a topotactical relationship.
Cobalt oxyhydroxide and cobalt oxide nanomaterials were synthesized through oxidation and low-temperature calcination from the as-prepared cobalt hydroxide.
Characterization of these cobalt-based nanomaterials was fully developed, including X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy combined with selected area electron diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis.
Bonding of the divalent cobalt hydroxide from the oxyhydroxide and oxides by studying their high-resolution XPS spectra for Co 2p3/2 and O 1s.
Raman spectroscopy of the as-prepared Co(OH)2, CoO(OH), and Co3O4 nanomaterials characterized each material.
The thermal stability of the materials Co(OH)2 and CoO(OH) was established.
This research has developed methodology for the synthesis of cobalt oxide and cobalt oxyhydroxide nanodiscs at low temperatures.
Metal: Cobalt
Metal content: 63%
Physical state: Powder
Colour: Pink
Technology: Paint drier
Application: Coatings
Product segment: Cobalt Hydroxide
Industry Uses
Intermediates
Ion exchange agents
Metal base production
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Pigments
Plating agents and surface treating agents
catalyst
magnets
Consumer Uses
Building/construction materials not covered elsewhere
Electrical and electronic products
Fuels and related products
Ink, toner, and colorant products
Metal products not covered elsewhere
Paints and coatings
General Manufacturing Information
Industry Processing Sectors
All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing
All other petroleum and coal products manufacturing
Carboxylates
Computer and electronic product manufacturing
Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing (includes clay, glass, cement, concrete, lime, gypsum, and other nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing.
Paint and coating manufacturing
Petrochemical manufacturing
Petroleum refineries
Plastic material and resin manufacturing
Primary metal manufacturing
Synthetic dye and pigment manufacturing
Transportation equipment manufacturing
Physical Properties
Two forms occur, a rose-red powder (more stable) and a bluish-green powder less stable than the red form; rhombohedral crystals; density 3.597 g/cm3; decomposes on heating; practically insoluble in water 3.2 mg/L; Ksp 1.0x10–15; soluble in acids and ammonia; insoluble in dilute alkalis.
The addition of alkali metal hydroxides to solutions of cobalt salts results in the precipitation of cobalt hydroxide in either a blue or pink form depending upon the conditions.
The pink form is the more stable of the two and is obtained when a suspension of the blue form is allowed to stand or is warmed.
Cobalt hydroxide is amphoteric, dissolving in alkalis to form blue solutions of the [Co(OH)4]2~ ions.
In the presence of alkali, suspensions of Co(OH)8 are oxidized by air to the brown CoO(OH), this oxidation being brought about rapidly by oxidants such as hypochlorite, bromine water or hydrogen peroxide.
The pink Co(OH)2 (density 3.597) has the brucite (Mg(OH)2) structure in which the cobalt atoms are surrounded by six hydroxides.
The blue form is more disordered, but its structure is not known for certain.
Uses
Cobalt hydroxide is used as a drier for paints and varnishes and is added to lithographic printing inks to enhance their drying properties.
Other applications are in the preparation of cobalt salts; as a catalyst; and in storage battery electrodes.
Cobalt salts, paint and varnish driers, catalyst, storage-battery electrodes.
Preparation
Cobalt hydroxide is obtained as a precipitate when an alkaline hydroxide is added to an aqueous solution of cobalt salt:
CoCl2 + 2NaOH → Co(OH)2 + 2NaCl
Co(NO3)2 + 2NaOH → Co(OH)2 + 2NaNO3
Reactions
Thermal decomposition to cobaltous oxide, CoO, occurs at 168°C in a vacuum.
Cobalt hydroxide is oxidized by air and other oxidizing agents, forming cobalt(III) hydroxide, Co(OH)3.
Reactions with mineral acids produce corresponding Co2+ salts.
Description
The addition of alkali metal hydroxides to solutions of cobalt salts results in the precipitation of cobalt hydroxide in either a blue or pink form depending upon the conditions.
The pink form is the more stable of the two and is obtained when a suspension of the blue form is allowed to stand or is warmed.
Cobalt hydroxide is amphoteric, dissolving in alkalis to form blue solutions of the [Co(OH)4]2- ions.
In the presence of alkali, suspensions of Co(OH) are oxidized by air to the brown CoO(OH), this oxidation being brought about rapidly by oxidants such as hypochlorite, bromine water or hydrogen peroxide. The pink Co(OH)2 (density 3.597) has the brucite (Mg(OH)2) structure in which the cobalt atoms are surrounded by six hydroxides.
The blue form is more disordered, but its structure is not known for certain.
Chemical Properties
Rose-red powder.
Soluble in acids and ammonium salt solutions; insoluble in water and alkalies.
Applications
Cobalt hydroxide is used as a drying agent for paints and varnishes.
Cobalt Hydroxide acts as an aid to dry the lithographic inks and catalyst in the preparation of battery electrode impregnating solutions.
Cobalt Hydroxide is also involved in the synthesis of other cobalt compounds.
Description
Blue-green or rose-red solid (red form more stable); [Merck Index] Pink powder, practically insoluble in water; [MSDSonline]
Sources/Uses
Used to make cobalt compounds, as a drier for paints, to aid drying of lithographic inks, and in storage battery electrode impregnating solutions
Cobalt hydroxide (Co(OH)2) is formed by adding sodium hydroxide (NaOH, clear) to a solution containing cobalt ions, in this case cobalt chloride solution (CoCl2.6H2O, pink).
This reaction produces sodium chloride (NaCl) solution and cobalt hydroxide, which is precipitated out of solution as a dark blue solid.
Addition of sodium hydroxide is used as a test for positive metal ions in solution, in this case hydrated transition metal ions.
Cobalt hydroxide or cobaltous hydroxide or cobaltous hydrate, has attracted increasing attention in recent years because of its novel electric and catalytic properties and important technological applications, for examples in advanced batteries, supercapacitors, solar cells, electrochromics, as an oil additive, it can improve tribological properties, etc.
Cobalt hydroxide nanoparticles were prepared via in-situ electrospinning.
Thus, electrospinning of polyethylene oxide solution with different cobalt nitrate concentrations were carried out in gaseous ammonia atmosphere.
The reaction of cobalt nitrate with ammonia produces cobalt hydroxide.
The reaction occurs during fiber formation.
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) showed that cobalt hydroxide Co(OH)2 nanoparticles were formed on the produced nanofibers of 100-600 nm in diameter.
The existence of the formed Co(OH)2 was also proven by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis and it showed that the Co(OH)2 nanoparticles were produced.
Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) results also confirmed the presence of Co(OH)2 within the fibers.
Experimental Section Co(NO3)2.6H2O (supplied by Merck Chemical Co.) with different concentrations was dissolved in 100 mL distilled water to produced Co+2 solution.
Then, the following seven experiments were carried out.
G-series: 4.0 g of polyethylene oxide was added to 100 mL of above mentioned cobalt nitrate solution with different concentrations and left for two nights to obtain a homogenous PEO solution having cobalt ions. The polymer solution was put into a hypodermic syringe.
A syringe pump (Stoelting Co., USA) was used to feed the polymer solution into a metallic needle with an inner diameter of 0.7 mm.
A grounded aluminum foil as collector was placed at a fixed distance of 18 cm from the needle.
The metallic needle and the collector were enclosed in a polymethyl metacrylate box (40′50′60 cm).
The feed rate of the syringe pump was fixed at 0.7 mL/h.
A positive potential of 18 kV was then applied to the polymer solution using a high-voltage power supplier (HV35P series, Fnm Co., IR) with a maximum voltage of 35 kV.
During electrospinning, gaseous ammonia (from a cylinder purchased from Merck Chemical) was purged into the box with a rate of 10 L/min.
Electrospun nanofibers were collected on the surface of the grounded aluminum foil.
Results and Discussion A comparison of the appearance (color change) of the mats obtained from G-series with that of the P fiber mat suggested that the cobalt ions in the jet traveling the distance between the needle and the collector could precipitate in the gaseous ammonia atmosphere to produce cobalt hydroxide.
In other words, in this process, one reaction occurs during fiber formation: the reaction of Co+2 ions with NH3 which produces Co(OH)2 nanoparticles on the nanofibers.
Cobalt (II) hydroxide is obtained as a precipitate when an alkaline hydroxide is added to an aqueous solution of cobalt (II) salt.
Since the reaction of nanoparticle formations occurs during fiber formation in electrospinning process, the precipitated nanoparticles have special morphology and crystalline structures (due to the applied voltage, elongation, etc.).
Cobalt hydroxide or cobaltous hydroxide is the chemical compound composed of cobalt and the hydroxide ion with the formula Co(OH)2.
Cobalt Hydroxide occurs in two forms, either as a rose-red powder, which is the more stable of the two forms, or as bluish-green powder.
Cobalt Hydroxide has the brucite
Appearance
Cobalt hydroxide occurs as pink-red rhombic-shaped crystals.
Solubility
Oxidrate of Cobalt is almost completely insoluble in cold water and alkalis, while soluble in acids.
Uses
Cobalt hydroxide is widely used in the preparation of cobalt salts or in the chemical industry as a catalyst.
Cobalt hydroxide is also applied for the production of batteries, catalysts, metallic soaps, paint driers and pigments.
Classification
Cobalt hydroxide is harmful if swallowed and may cause sensitisation by inhalation and skin contact.
Specifications
Technical specifications are provided on request according to the application: cobalt hydroxide is stored in original packing and under conditions mentioned on the safety data sheet (SDS).
Synonyms
Cobalt hydroxide, oxidrate of cobalt, cobaltous hydroxide, cobaltous hydrate
Co(OH)2 (63.43%Co) is prepared commercially as a pink solid
by precipitation from a cobalt(II) salt solution with sodium hydroxide.
Cobalt Hydroxide has a hexagonal crystal structure with a = 0.317 nm and c/a = 1.46.
Cobalt Hydroxide is insoluble in water and alkaline solutions,
but dissolves readily in most inorganic and organic acids; for this reason, it is commonly used as a starting material in the synthesis of cobalt chemicals.
Co(OH)2 decomposes thermally by loss of water, starting at 150 ◦C, to give the anhydrous oxide at 300 ◦C. Care must be taken to store the hydroxide in the absence of air because slow air oxidation leads to a product that is poorly soluble in weak acids.
About Cobalt Hydroxide
Helpful information
Cobalt Hydroxide is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 000 to < 1 000 000 tonnes per annum.
Cobalt Hydroxide is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Consumer Uses
Cobalt Hydroxide is used in the following products: coating products. Other release to the environment of Cobalt Hydroxide is likely to occur from: indoor use and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).
Article service life
Release to the environment of Cobalt Hydroxide can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal).
Other release to the environment of Cobalt Hydroxide is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).
Cobalt Hydroxide can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: electrical batteries and accumulators, machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines) and vehicles.
Cobalt Hydroxide can be found in products with material based on: metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery), rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys) and wood (e.g. floors, furniture, toys).
Widespread uses by professional workers
Cobalt Hydroxide is used in the following products: fertilisers, coating products and inks and toners.
Cobalt Hydroxide is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing.
Other release to the environment of Cobalt Hydroxide is likely to occur from: outdoor use and indoor use.
Formulation or re-packing
Cobalt Hydroxide is used in the following products: fertilisers, coating products, inks and toners, polymers, semiconductors and metal surface treatment products.
Cobalt Hydroxide has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Release to the environment of Cobalt Hydroxide can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, manufacturing of the substance, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and formulation in materials.
Uses at industrial sites
Cobalt Hydroxide is used in the following products: metal surface treatment products, polymers, adhesives and sealants and coating products.
Cobalt Hydroxide has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Cobalt Hydroxide is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Cobalt Hydroxide is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, fabricated metal products, electrical, electronic and optical equipment and mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement).
Release to the environment of Cobalt Hydroxide can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and manufacturing of the substance.
Manufacture
Release to the environment of Cobalt Hydroxide can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), formulation in materials and formulation of mixtures.
Description
1. In chemical production, it is used to produce cobalt salts, cobalt-containing catalysts and electrolytic method to produce hydrogen peroxide decomposition agent.
2. Used as paint drier in coating industry.
3. The glass industry is used as a colorant.
4. Used to make cobalt salt, cobalt catalyst and paint desiccant.
5. Used as desiccant for glass, enamel coloring, cobalt compounds, and coatings and varnishes.
Cobalt(III) hydroxide or cobaltic hydroxide is a chemical compound with formula Co(OH)
3 or H
3CoO
3. It is an ionic compound, with trivalent cobalt cations Co3+
and hydroxyl anions OH−
.
The compound is known in two structurally different forms, "brownish-black" and "green". The brownish-black form is a stable solid and can be prepared by reaction of water solutions of cobalt(II) chloride and sodium hydroxide, followed by oxidation with ozone.
The green form, formerly thought to be cobalt(II) peroxide, apparently requires carbon dioxide as a catalyst.
It can be prepared by adding hydrogen peroxide to a solution of cobalt(II) chloride in 96% ethanol at –30 to –35°С, then adding a 15% solution of sodium carbonate in water with intense stirring.
The resulting dark green powder is fairly stable at liquid nitrogen temperature, but at room temperature it turns dark brown within a few days.
Used as a drying agent for paints, varnishes and inks, in the preparation of other cobalt compounds, as a catalyst and in the manufacture of battery electrodes
Cobalt(II) hydroxide is used as a drying agent, as a catalyst, and in the preparation of other cobalt compounds.
IUPAC NAMES
Cobalt hydroxide
SYNONYMS:
COBALT HYDROXIDE
12672-51-4
cobalt(2+);dihydroxide
Cobalt(II) hydroxide, 95%, pure
Cobalthydroxide
CefamandoleNafate
EINECS 235-763-0
ACMC-20aleg
cobalt(2+) dihydroxide
AKOS015833769
AKOS015912585
FT-0624012
A815089
J-013794
