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CAS NUMBER: 7681-65-4
EC NUMBER: 231-674-6
MOLECULAR FORMULA: CuI
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 190.45
IUPAC NAME: iodocopper
Copper Iodide is the inorganic compound with the formula CuI.
Copper Iodide is also known as cuprous iodide.
Copper Iodide is useful in a variety of applications ranging from organic synthesis to cloud seeding.
Pure Copper Iodide is white, but samples are often tan or even, when found in nature as rare mineral marshite, reddish brown, but such color is due to the presence of impurities.
Copper Iodide is common for samples of iodide-containing compounds to become discolored due to the facile aerobic oxidation of the iodide anion to molecular iodine
Copper Iodide, like most binary (containing only two elements) metal halides, is an inorganic polymer.
Copper Iodide has a rich phase diagram, meaning that it exists in several crystalline forms.
Copper Iodide adopts a zinc blende structure below 390 °C (γ-CuI), a wurtzite structure between 390 and 440 °C (β-CuI), and a rock salt structure above 440 °C (α-CuI).
The ions are tetrahedrally coordinated when in the zinc blende or the wurtzite structure, with a Cu-I distance of 2.338 Å.
Copper(I) bromide and copper(I) chloride also transform from the zinc blende structure to the wurtzite structure at 405 and 435 °C, respectively.
Therefore, the longer the copper – halide bond length, the lower the temperature needs to be to change the structure from the zinc blende structure to the wurtzite structure.
The interatomic distances in copper(I) bromide and copper(I) chloride are 2.173 and 2.051 Å, respectively
Preparation:
Copper Iodide can be prepared by heating iodine and copper in concentrated hydriodic acid, HI.
In the laboratory however, Copper Iodide is prepared by simply mixing an aqueous solution of potassium iodide and a soluble copper(II) salt such copper sulfate.
Cu2+ + 2I− → CuI2
CuI2 quickly decomposes to Copper Iodide with release of I2.
2 CuI2 → 2 CuI + I2
This reaction has been employed as a means of assaying copper(II) samples, since the evolved I2 can be analyzed by redox titration.
The reaction in itself may look rather odd, as using the rule of thumb for a proceeding redox reaction, Eooxidator − Eoreductor > 0, this reaction fails.
The quantity is below zero, so the reaction should not proceed.
But the equilibrium constant for the reaction is 1.38*10−13.
By using fairly moderate concentrates of 0.1 mol/L for both iodide and Cu2+, the concentration of Cu+ is calculated as 3*10−7.
As a consequence, the product of the concentrations is far in excess of the solubility product, so copper(I)iodide precipitates.
The process of precipitation lowers the copper(I) concentration, providing an entropic driving force according to Le Chatelier's principle, and allowing the redox reaction to proceed.
Properties:
Copper Iodide is poorly soluble in water (0.00042 g/L at 25 °C), but it dissolves in the presence of NaI or KI to give the linear anion [CuI2]−.
Dilution of such solutions with water reprecipitates CuI.
This dissolution–precipitation process is employed to purify CuI, affording colorless samples.
Copper Iodide can be dissolved in acetonitrile, yielding a solution of different complex compounds.
Upon crystallization, molecular or polymeric compounds can be isolated.
Dissolution is also observed when a solution of the appropriate complexing agent in acetone or chloroform is used.
For example, thiourea and its derivatives can be used.
Solids that crystallize out of those solutions are composed of hybrid inorganic chains.
USES:
Copper Iodide has several uses:
Copper Iodide is used as a reagent in organic synthesis. In combination with 1,2- or 1,3 diamine ligands, CuI catalyzes the conversion of aryl-, heteroaryl-, and vinyl-bromides into the corresponding iodides.
NaI is the typical iodide source and dioxane is a typical solvent (see aromatic Finkelstein reaction).
Aryl halides are used to form carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bonds in process such as the Heck, Stille, Suzuki, Sonogashira and Ullmann type coupling reactions.
Aryl iodides, however, are more reactive than the corresponding aryl bromides or aryl chlorides.
2-Bromo-1-octen-3-ol and 1-nonyne are coupled when combined with dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II), CuI, and diethylamine to form 7-methylene-8-hexadecyn-6-ol.
Copper Iodide is used in cloud seeding, altering the amount or type of precipitation of a cloud, or their structure by dispersing substances into the atmosphere which increase water's ability to form droplets or crystals.
Copper Iodide provides a sphere for moisture in the cloud to condense around, causing precipitation to increase and cloud density to decrease.
The structural properties of Copper Iodide allow Copper Iodide to stabilize heat in nylon in commercial and residential carpet industries, automotive engine accessories, and other markets where durability and weight are a factor.
Copper Iodide is used as a source of dietary iodine in table salt and animal feed.
Copper Iodide is used in the detection of mercury.
Upon contact with mercury vapors, the originally white compound changes color to form copper tetraiodomercurate, which has a brown color.
Copper Iodide is used in designing and synthesizing Copper Iodide clusters, which is polymetal complex compounds.
As a p-type semiconductor, Copper Iodide has advantages like high conductivity, large bandgap, solution processing, and low cost.
Recently, many articles have been published to elucidate the application as a hole conductor in various photovoltaics such as dye-sensitized solar cells, polymer solar cells, and perovskite solar cells.
Copper Iodide, in combination with cesium fluoride, can be used to promote Stille coupling reaction.
Copper Iodide can also mediate the reaction between arenethiolate ions and different nonactivated aryl iodides in hexamethylphosphoric triamide to form aryl sulfides.
Copper Iodide can be used to catalyze:
-Thioetherification of aryl halides using thiourea and alkyl bromides in wet polyethylene glycol and in the presence of potassium carbonate as a base.
-Reaction between acetylenes and metal halides in diethylamine to form transition metal alkynyl complexes.
-Reaction between terminal alkynes with phenylchalcogenyl halides to form alkynyl selenides, sulfides and tellurides.
Copper Iodide is insoluble in water, and is often used in the synthesis of fine chemicals, and as a heat and light stabilzer for nylon fabrics.
Iodide compounds are water soluble; however, iodide-rich solutions act as better dissolution agents for creating iodide solutions.
Iodides are often used in internal medicine.
Treating an iodide with manganese dioxide and sulfuric acid sublimes the iodine.
Copper Iodide is generally immediately available in most volumes.
High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.
Copper Iodide is the chemical compound with the formula CuI;
Copper Iodide is also known as cuprous iodide.
Copper Iodide is useful in a variety of applications ranging from organic synthesis to cloud seeding.
Copper Iodide is white, but samples are often tan or even, when found in nature as mineral marshite, reddish brown, but such color is due to impurities.
Copper Iodide is common for iodides to become discolored because of the easy oxidation of the iodide anion to iodine.
The structural properties of Copper Iodide allow CuI to stabilize heat in nylon in commercial and residential carpet industries, automotive engine accessories, and other markets where durability and weight are a factor.
Copper Iodide has poor solubility in water and limited solubility in 50w% potassium iodide solutions.
As a result, it can be used as a carrier of iodine where non-water solubility is required in biochemical pathways.
copper Iodide is also used in conjunction with potassium iodide to counteract the destructive effects of heat and light on polyamides, preventing discolouration and preserving the mechanical properties of polyamides (e.g. Nylon 6 and Nylon 66) in technical and engineering applications.
Applications:
-Life Science Reagents; Reagent in the coupling of functional groups to aromatic molecules in fine chemical synthesis Sandmeyer, Finkelstein and Sonagashira reactions.
-Polymer Additives; Heat and light stabiliser in engineering polyamides, in conjunction with potassium iodide.
-Electronic Chemicals; Cathode material in salt water activated batteries.
-Food & Feed Additives; Feed additive to counter iodine deficiency in animals
Copper Iodide is used as a source of dietary iodine and copper in table salt dog food and animal feed.
Copper Iodide has the advantage of adding the micronutrient copper as well as iodine.
Copper Iodide is used as a catalyst for N-arylation of amines and amino acids and in the synthesis of sulfenamides.
Copper Iodide is an optimal catalyst for stereospecific and regioselective reaction of silacyclopropanes with carbonyl compounds.
Copper Iodide is the chemical compound with the formula CuI
Copper Iodide is also known as cuprous iodide.
Copper Iodide is useful in a variety of applications ranging from organic synthesis to cloud seeding.
Copper Iodide is white, but samples are often tan or even, when found in nature as rare mineral marshite, reddish brown, but such color is due to impurities.
Copper Iodide is common for iodides to become discolored because of the easy oxidation of the iodide anion to iodine.
Copper Iodide can also be prepared by heating iodine and copper in concentrated hydriodic acid, HI.
Copper Iodide, also known as cuprous iodide, is a chemical compound.
Copper Iodides chemical formula is CuI. It has copper and iodide ions in it.
The copper is in its +1 oxidation state.
Copper Iodide is a white solid.
Copper Iodide does not dissolve in water.
Copper Iodide easily turns tan or brown.
Copper Iodide is a reducing agent.
The iodide easily oxidizes to iodine.
Copper does not form a stable copper(II) iodide;
copper(II) iodide breaks down right away to make copper Iodide and iodine.
Copper Iodide dissolves in concentrated iodides like potassium iodide.
When it is diluted, it makes copper Iodide again.
Copper Iodide can be made by reacting iodine and copper in concentrated hydroiodic acid.
Another way would be to react copper(II) sulfate and potassium iodide.
This makes copper(II) iodide which as said before breaks down right away to make iodine and copper(I) iodide.
Copper Iodide is used to make organic compounds.
Copper Iodide is also used to make clouds rain.
Copper Iodide is used to make nylon resistant to heat.
Copper Iodide can be used to put iodine to foods.
Copper Iodide's Chemical formula is CuI.
Copper Iodide's The molecular weight is 190.45.
Copper Iodide is White cubic crystal or white powder
Copper Iodide's The relative density is 5.62
Copper Iodide's melting point is 605 °C
Copper Iodide's boiling point is 1290 °C
Copper Iodide is Stable to light and air.
Cuprous Iodide is almost insoluble in water and ethanol
Copper Iodide can soluble in liquid ammonia, dilute hydrochloric acid, potassium iodide, potassium cyanide or sodium thiosulfate solution, can be decomposed by oncentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid.
Cuprous Iodide and cuprous chloride, cuprous bromide are three common cuprous halides, three are white solid, the photonasty of cuprous iodide is worse than CuBr and CuCl, in light decomposition and precipitation of iodine.
In nature, Copper Iodide exists in marshite.
Cuprous chloride and cuprous bromide can be produced by the reaction of the corresponding acidic solution of divalent copper salt with copper.
Cuprous Iodide was prepared by adding Cu2 + into potassium iodide solution.
Cuprous Iodide and Magnesium bromide or lithium phenyl in ether can produce copper phenyl.
The reaction of methyl lithium with cuprous iodide at-15 ℃ or by the reaction of copper nitrate and tetramethyl lead in ethanol at-60 ~-40 ℃ can produce methyl copper.
Grignard reagent reacts with cuprous halide to produce cuprous hydrocarbyl, cuprous halide may be cuprous iodide, cuprous bromide, cuprous chloride.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF COPPER IODIDE:
-Molecular Weight: 190.45
-Exact Mass: 189.83407
-Monoisotopic Mass: 189.83407
-Topological Polar Surface Area: 0 Ų
-Physical Description: DryPowder; OtherSolid
-Appearance: White to tan colored powder
-Odor: odorless
-Density: 5.67 g/cm3
-Melting point: 606 °C
-Boiling point: 1,290 °C
-Solubility in water: 0.000042 g/100 mL
-Solubility product (Ksp): 1.27 x 10−12
-Solubility: soluble in ammonia and iodide solutions,insoluble in dilute acids
-Vapor pressure: 10 mm Hg (656 °C)
-Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -63.0·10−6 cm3/mol
-Refractive index (nD): 2.346
-Vapor pressure: 13 hPa (656 °C)
-Bulk density: 1400 kg/m3
Copper Iodide is also known as cuprous iodide.
Copper Iodide is useful in a variety of applications ranging from organic synthesis to cloud seeding.
Pure copper Iodide is white, but samples are often tan or even, when found in nature as rare mineral marshite, reddish brown, but such color is due to the presence of impurities.
Copper Iodide is common for samples of iodide-containing compounds to become discolored due to the facile aerobic oxidation of the iodide anion to molecular iodine
Copper Iodide is used as a source of dietary iodine in table salt and animal feed.
Copper Iodide is used in the detection of mercury.
Iodide compounds are water soluble; however, iodide-rich solutions act as better dissolution agents for creating iodide solutions.
Iodides are often used in internal medicine.
Copper Iodide can be made by reacting iodine and copper in concentrated hydroiodic acid.
Another way would be to react copper(II) sulfate and potassium iodide.
This makes copper(II) iodide which as said before breaks down right away to make iodine and copper(I) iodide.
Copper Iodide is used to make organic compounds.
Copper Iodide is also used to make clouds rain.
Copper Iodide is used to make nylon resistant to heat.
Copper Iodide can be used to put iodine to foods.
Copper Iodide is the chemical compound with the formula CuI;
Copper Iodide is also known as cuprous iodide.
Copper Iodide is useful in a variety of applications ranging from organic synthesis to cloud seeding.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF COPPER IODIDE:
-Heavy Atom Count: 2
-Formal Charge: 0
-Complexity: 2
-Isotope Atom Count: 0
-Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
-Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
-Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
-Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
-Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
-Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
-Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 0
-Rotatable Bond Count: 0
STORAGE OF COPPER IODIDE:
Copper Iodide should be stored at constant pressure.
Copper Iodide should not be stored in very cold environments.
Copper Iodide should be stored in a moisture-free environment.
Copper Iodide should be stored in dry containers.
Copper Iodide should be kept in a cool place.
Copper Iodide should be stored in a dry environment.
Copper Iodide should be kept in a ventilated environment.
Copper Iodide should not be stored in the same environment with substances that react instantly.
SYNONYMS:
Iodocopper
Copper (I) iodide
Copper iodide (cui)
Copper(1+) iodide
Copper( centn) iodide
Natural marshite
Copper(1+) iodide; Copper(I) iodide; Cuprous iodide; Cuprous iodide (CuI)
copper(I)iodide
Hydro-Giene
Copper monoiodide
iodide copper (I)
cop-per(1) iodide
copper (1) iodide
copper (1+) iodide
Copper(I) iodide, purum, >=99.5%
Copper (I) iodide, Trace metals grade 99.95%
Copper(I) iodide, 99.999% trace metals basis
Copper (I) iodide, Trace metals grade 99.999%
Copper(I) iodide, anhydrous, 99.995% trace metals basis
Copper(I) iodide/cesium carbonate admixture
