PRODUCTS

D&C RED #3

Erythrosine, also known as Red No. 3, is an organoiodine compound, specifically a derivative of fluorone. It is a pink dye which is primarily used for food coloring.It is the disodium salt of 2,4,5,7-tetraiodofluorescein. Its maximum absorbance is at 530 nm[3] in an aqueous solution, and it is subject to photodegradation.

CAS NO:16423-68-0
EC NO:240-474-8

SYNONYMS:
Erythrosine B; Erythrosin B; Acid Red 51; C.I. 45430; FD & C Red No.3; E127; 2',4',5',7'-Tetraiodo-3',6'-dihydroxy-spiro[3H-isobenzofuran-1,9'-xanthen]-3-one disodium salt; Tetraiodofluorescein Sodium Salt; Calcoid Erythrosine N; 2,4,5,7-Tetraiodo-3,6-dihydroxyxanthene-9-spiro-1'-3H-isobenzofuran-3'-one disodium salt; 2',4',5',7'-Tetraiodofluorescein, disodium salt; C.I.Food Red 14; Aizen Erythrosine; Tetraiodifluorescein, disodium salt; Spiro[isobenzofuran- 1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthen]-3-one, 3',6'-dihydroxy-2',4',5',7'-tetraiodo-, disodium salt.

A tetraiodofluorescein used as a red coloring in some foods (cherries, fish), as a disclosure of DENTAL PLAQUE, and as a stain of some cell types. It has structural similarity to THYROXINE.D&C Red #3 - Food and ingested drugs - GMP - 74.303, 74.1303. May no longer be used in cosmetics, external drugs, and lakes.Red powder or granules.Erythrosine consists essentially of disodium 2-(2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-3-oxido-6-oxoxanthen-9-yl) benzoate monohydrate and subsidiary colouring matters together with water, sodium chloride and/or sodium sulphate as the principal uncoloured components. Erythrosine is manufactured by iodination of fluorescein, the condensation product of resorcinol and phthalic anhydride; Erythrosine is described as the sodium salt. The calcium and the potassium salt are also permitted.Chemicals that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags.Erythrosine B (also known as Red No. 3), a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved red food dye, is found in cosmetics and food. It is also used as a plasma stain for nerve cells and staining bacteria in soil. It was studied the modulating capabilities of erythrosine B on amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) aggregation and Aβ-associated impaired neuronal cell function. It is known, that aggregation Aβ is closely linked to the development of Alzheimer's disease pathology.In order to determine the detrimental effects of rythrosine B (ER)-induced amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) aggregates on cellular functions, it was chosen the cellular MTT reducing activity of Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Cells were adminstered Aβ aggregates preformed in the absence or presence of ER. Preformed Aβ aggregates were prepared by incubating 50 µM Aβ monomers in the absence or presence of various concentrations of ER (1x to 10x) at 37°C for the specified time duration. SH-SY5Y cells were incubated with 5 µM preformed aggregates for 48 hours, and subsequently MTT reducing activity was determined. The results suggested that ER mitigated Aβ-associated damage to the cellular function by blocking specific sequence of low molecular weight Aβ species that confers damages to neuronal cells. However, even at 10x ER the protofibrils formed are A11- and OC-reactive, suggesting that ER binding sites on the Aβ do not overlap with the epitope of either A11 or OC antibody.FDA has regulatory oversight for color additives used in foods, drugs, cosmetics, and medical devices. FD&C Red No. 3, also known as erythrosine, is a synthetic dye with a cherry-pink stain. In foods it is used to dye cake decorating gel, candies and popsicles, among other food items. Red #40 (Allura Red), is an azo dye, but it is often used in place of Red Dye #3 and can still be found in use in the food industry. Red Dye #3 is also used as color additive for ingested drugs. It is not listed as approved for use in cosmetics.Our regulated FD&C dyes are manufactured with strict controls to recreate exact shades every time-brilliant colors, high tincotorial strength with excellent heat and light stability to maintain color over time. We test every batch of our FD&C colors in accordance to meet your standards, FDA requirements for certification of colors and pigments and your expectations. Our FD&C dyes are found in various applications such as food, beverage, pet food, drugs and cosmetics.Acid Red 51 (CI 45430). Sicovit® FD&C Red No. 3 by BASF is a colorant.FD&C Red No. 3 finds application in shampoos, shower-baths, bubble baths, deodorants and toothpaste.FD&C Red No. 3 Powder is a water-soluble powdered dye which is also known as erythrosine. FD&C Red No. 3 Powder is used in food, drug, and cosmetic applications and environments.

Uses
It is used as a:

food coloring
printing ink
biological stain
dental plaque disclosing agent
radiopaque medium
sensitizer for orthochromatic photographic films
Visible light photoredox catalyst
Erythrosine is commonly used in sweets such as some candies and popsicles, and even more widely used in cake-decorating gels. It is also used to color pistachio shells.As a food additive, it has the E number E127.

Health effects
As a result of efforts begun in the 1970s, in 1990 the U.S. FDA had instituted a partial ban on erythrosine, citing research that high doses have been found to cause cancer in rats.[12] A 1990 study concluded that "chronic erythrosine ingestion may promote thyroid tumor formation in rats via chronic stimulation of the thyroid by TSH." with 4% of total daily dietary intake consisting of erythrosine B.[13] A series of toxicology tests combined with a review of other reported studies concluded that erythrosine is non-genotoxic and any increase in tumors is caused by a non-genotoxic mechanism.

In June 2008, the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) petitioned the FDA for a complete ban on erythrosine in the United States,but the FDA has not taken any further action.

Regulation and prevalence
While erythrosine is commonly used in many countries of the world, it is less commonly used in the United States (the second least used after Fast Green FCF) because Allura Red AC (Red #40) is generally used instead. However, Allura Red AC is banned in many European countries because it is an azo dye.Erythrosine can be used in colored food and ingested drugs in the USA without any restriction, however, its use is banned in cosmetics and external drugs.The lake variant is also banned from use in the United States.

Classification
It is listed under the following number systems:

FD&C Red No. 3
E number E127 (Food Red 14)
Color Index no. 45430 (Acid Red 51)
Indian Standards No. 1697

Agricultural Relating to agricultural, including the raising and farming of animals and growing of crops

Agricultural, animal Related to animals (but non-veterinary) e.g., animal husbandry, farming of animals/animal production, raising of animals for food or fur, animal feed, products for household pets

Agricultural, crop Products used on crops, or related to the growing of crops

Arts_crafts, drawing Drawing supplies (i.e. part of arts_crafts)

Arts_crafts, paint Various types of paint for various uses, modifiers included when more information is known

Arts_crafts, textile Textiles used for clothing or furniture upholstery, processes related to textiles (e.g.
Cleaning_washing Related to all forms of cleaning/washing, including cleaning products used in the home, laundry detergents, soaps, de-greasers, spot removers, etc; mod

Cleaning_washing, consumer_use   Term applied when the only information the source indicates is 'consumer' or 'consumer product' ; also applied to terms that the source indicates are f

Cleaning_washing, disinfectant General disinfectants/sanitizing agnets, disinfectants related to drugs (modified by 'drug'), and disinfectants used in drinking water, or animal feed (modified by 'drinking_water' and 'feed')

Colorant Term used for colorants, dyes, or pigments; includes colorants for drugs, textiles, personal care products (cosmetics, tatoo inks, hair dye), food colorants, and inks for printing; modifiers included when application is known
Colorant, consumer_use, detected Chemicals detected in substances or products (note that these chemicals may be absent from an 'ingredient list' for the product and thus unexpected, but have been detected in product testing studies)

Consumer_use Term applied when the only information the source indicates is 'consumer' or 'consumer product' ; also applied to terms that the source indicates are f

Drug Drug product, or related to the manufacturing of drugs; modified by veterinary, animal, or pet if indicated by source

Drug, dietary_supplement Pharmaceutical related

Drug, inactive_ingredient Pharmaceutical related

Food Food for human consumption, does not include food additives (see food_additive); also includes manufacture of food, facilities related to food (with appropriate modifiers)

Food_additive Includes spices, extracts, colorings, flavors, etc added to food for human consumption

Food_additive, colorant Term used for colorants, dyes, or pigments; includes colorants for drugs, textiles, personal care products (cosmetics, tatoo inks, hair dye), food colorants, and inks for printing; modifiers included when application is known

Food_contact Includes food packaging, paper plates, cutlery, small appliances such as roasters, etc.; does not include facilities that manufacture food

Food_contact, consumer_use Term applied when the only information the source indicates is 'consumer' or 'consumer product' ; also applied to terms that the source indicates are f

Hunting Related to the activity of hunting

Industrial_manufacturing Inert

Manufacturing, food Food for human consumption, does not include food additives (see food_additive); also includes manufacture of food, facilities related to food (with appropriate modifiers)

Personal_care Personal care products, including cosmetics, shampoos, perfumes, soaps, lotions, toothpastes, etc

Personal_care, bath General term used only when enough information is not provided to assign a more specific beauty/cosmetics/personal_care related term

Personal_care, cosmetics, bath, baby_use Products specifically designed for use by babies (includes diapers, baby toys, baby clothing, baby food, etc., with appropriate modifiers)

Personal_care, cosmetics, colorant Term used for colorants, dyes, or pigments; includes colorants for drugs, textiles, personal care products (cosmetics, tatoo inks, hair dye), food colorants, and inks for printing; modifiers included when application is known

Personal_care, cosmetics, deodorant Personal hygiene deodorant products

Personal_care, cosmetics, hair_dye Hair dye, to color the hair

Personal_care, cosmetics, hand, cream Personal care products, including scouring cream, hand creams, shaving cream, and tanning cream

Personal_care, cosmetics, lips, detected Chemicals detected in substances or products (note that these chemicals may be absent from an 'ingredient list' for the product and thus unexpected, but have been detected in product testing studies)

Personal_care, cosmetics, lotion Subcategory of personal care and cosmetics, lotions and moisturizers for consumer use

Personal_care, cosmetics, prohibited_ASEAN Chemicals prohibited from use (i.e. completely banned) in the ASEAN countries (Association of Southeast Asian Nations)

Personal_care, wash, body Personal care products for general use on the body (body makeup, body powder, body treatments, body cleansers)

Pesticide Substances used for preventing, destroying or mitigating pests

Pesticide, inert_ingredient Inert ingredients in a pesticide

Pesticide, preservatives Includes preservatives used in cosmetics, film, wood preserving agents, foods, etc (note food preservatives are also indicated as food_additive)

Photographic Related to photography, film, photographic equipment, photographic laboraties, photochemicals, and developing of photographs

Writing Materials and agents for writing, including correction materials, writing inks

Writing, ink Inks used for printing or writing; modifier included when application is known

Molecular Weight 879.9 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 5
Rotatable Bond Count 0
Exact Mass 879.6189 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass 879.6189 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area 81.6 Å
Heavy Atom Count 31
Formal Charge 0
Complexity 645
Isotope Atom Count 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count   0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count   0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 3
Compound Is Canonicalized Yes