PRODUCTS

DIBASIC ESTER

CAS No. : 95481-62-2

Synonyms:
DBE; Dibasic ester mixture; dimethyl glutarate; dimethyl succinate; dimethyl adipate; solvent, dicarboxylic-acid-ester; DBE; IMSOL; ESTASOL; DIBASIC ACID; DIBASIC ESTER; DBE DIBASIC ESTER; Dibasic acid ester; Divalent acid ester; dibasic esters (dbe); DIBASIC MIXTURE OF ESTERS; Hexanedioic acid, dimethyl ester, mixt. with dimethyl butanedioate and dimethyl pentanedioate (95481-62-2); Dibasic Esters (DBE); Dibasic ester; DBE dibasic ester; 95481-62-2; Dimethyl butanedioate; dimethyl hexanedioate; dimethyl pentanedioate; Estasol; DBA Dibasic acid (mixture of glutaric acid, succinic acid and adipic acid); dimethyl butanedioate; dimethyl hexanedioate; dimethyl pentanedioate; dibasic dimethyl esters of adipic acid, succinic acid and glutaric acid estasol; Dibasic ester; DBE dibasic ester; 95481-62-2; dimethyl butanedioate; dimethyl hexanedioate; dimethyl pentanedioate; Estasol; DBA Dibasic acid (mixture of glutaric acid; succinic acid and adipic acid); RDPE; Hexanedioic acid, dimethyl ester, mixt. with dimethyl butanedioate and dimethyl pentanedioate; dimethyl adipate dimethyl glutarate dimethyl succinate; 3B3-062362; Dibasic dimethyl esters of adipic acid, succinic acid glutaric acid; 1,4-dimethyl butanedioate 1,5-dimethyl pentanedioate 1,6- dimethyl hexanedioate; 1,4-DIMETHYL BUTANEDIOATE; 1,5-DIMETHYL PENTANEDIOATE; 1,6-DIMETHYL HEXANEDIOATE; Pentanedioic acid, dimethyl ester, mixt. with dimethyl butanedioate and dimethyl hexanedioate; Hexanedioic acid, dimethyl ester, mixt. with dimethyl butandedioate and dimethyl pentanedioate; dibasic ester; dibazik ester; di bazik ester; dibazikester; dibasicester; DBE; di bazikester; di basic ester; dimethyl butanedioate; dimethyl hexanedioate; dimethyl pentanedioate; Dibasic ester; DBE dibasic ester; 95481-62-2; dimethyl butanedioate; dimethyl hexanedioate; dimethyl pentanedioate; Estasol; DBA Dibasic acid (mixture of glutaric acid, succinic acid and adipic acid); Hexanedioic acid, dimethyl ester, mixt. with dimethyl butanedioate and dimethyl pentanedioate; dimethyl adipate dimethyl glutarate dimethyl succinate; Dibasic dimethyl esters of adipic acid, succinic acid glutaric acid; 1,4-dimethyl butanedioate 1,5-dimethyl pentanedioate 1,6-dimethyl hexanedioate; Pentanedioic acid, dimethyl ester, mixt. with dimethyl butanedioate and dimethyl hexanedioate; Hexanedioic acid, dimethyl ester, mixt. with dimethyl butandedioate and dimethyl pentanedioate; Dibasic Esters; Dimethyl Adipate; Butanedioic acid, 1,4-dimethyl ester; Dimethyl succinate; ESTASOLTM oxygenated; solvent; CAS No. 95481-62-2; Dibasic esters; Dimethyl esters; Dimethyl succinate ; CAS No. 106-65-0 ; Dimethyl butanedioate; Dimethyl adipate ; CAS No. 627-93-0; Dimethyl hexanedioate; Dimethyl glutarate ; CAS No. 1119-40-0 ; Dimethyl pentanedioate; DBE, Dibasic ester mixture; meso-Dibenzylaminosuccinic acid; DBE,Dibasic Esters,Dimethyl butanedioate; Estasol; Dibasic ester; DBE dibasic ester; 95481-62-2; dimethyl butanedioate; dimethyl hexanedioate; dimethyl pentanedioate; DBA Dibasic acid (mixture of glutaric acid, succinic acid and adipic acid); RDPE; imsol; dibasic acid; AC1L2OFE; dibasic mixture of esters; meso-dibenzylaminosuccinic acid; SCHEMBL4450294; QYMFNZIUDRQRSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N; Hexanedioic acid, dimethyl ester, mixt. with dimethyl butanedioate and dimethyl pentanedioate; Pentanedioic acid, dimethyl ester, mixt. with dimethyl butanedioate and dimethyl hexanedioate; AN-34830; PL002239; dimethyl adipate dimethyl glutarate dimethyl succinate; dimethyl adipate/dimethyl glutarate/dimethyl succinate; Dibasic dimethyl esters of adipic acid, succinic acid glutaric acid; Hexanedioic acid, dimethyl ester, mixt. with dimethyl butandedioate and dimethyl pentanedioate; Aliphatic Dibasic Esters - DBE, Dibasic Ester; Dimethyl succinate; Succinic acid dimethyl ester; meso-Dibenzylaminosuccinic acid; Estasol, DBE dibasic ester, RDPE, Dibasic ester mixture, 422053_ALDRICH, 422061_ALDRICH, DBA Dibasic acid (mixture of glutaric acid, succinic acid and adipic acid), Dibasic dimethyl esters of adipic acid, succinic acid & glutaric acid, Pentanedioic acid, dimethyl ester, mixt. with dimethyl butanedioate and dimethyl hexanedioate, 95481-62-2, DBE, Hexanedioic acid, dimethyl ester, mixt. with dimethyl butandedioate and dimethyl pentanedioate

Dibasic Ester

Mixture of dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl succinate and dimethyl adipate
Dibasic ester or DBE is an ester of a dicarboxylic acid. Depending on the application, the alcohol may be methanol or higher molecular weight monoalcohols.
Mixtures of different methyl dibasic esters are commercially produced from short-chain acids such as adipic acid, glutaric acid, and succinic acid. They are non-flammable, readily biodegradable, non-corrosive, and have a mild, fruity odour.
Dibasic esters of phthalates, adipates, and azelates with C8 - C10 alcohols have found commercial use as lubricants, spin finishes, and additives.

Dibasic Ester (DBE) and its fractions serve as raw materials for plasticizers, polymers.
N/Aer (DBE) and its fractions serve as raw materials for plasticizers, polymers. wet strength paper resins and other specialty chemicals. These applications are growing rapidly as new uses are found for DBEs as building blocks.
Applications:

Plasticizers- Certain esters of adipic, glutaric, and succinic acids (as mixtures or individually) are excellent plasticizers for various polymer systems including polyvinyl chloride resins.
Polymer Intermediate- As a source of adipic, glutaric and succinic acids and their mixtures, Diabasic Esters provide unique polymer structures. By the selection of the proper DBE fraction, properties, such as low temperature flexibility, can be tailored to meet specific needs.

Polyester Polyols for Urethanes- Polyols based on DBE are used to make polyurethane elastomers, coatings and both flexible and rigid foams.
Wet-Strength Paper Resins- DBE-2, DBE-5, and DBE-9 are particularly useful in the preparation of long-chain water soluble polyamides of the type which can be reacted with epichlorohydrin to form wet-strength paper resins.
Polyester Resins- DBEs are used extensively in the manufacture of saturated and unsaturated polyester resins.
Specialty Chemical Intermediate- Dimethyl succinate (DBE-4), dimethyl glutarate (DBE-5) and dimethyl adipate (DBE-6) are abundant and economical sources of the adipic, glutarate and succinic moieties for organic synthesis.

Chemical description: Reaction mass of dimethyl adipate and dimethyl glutarate and dimethyl succinate
PRODUCT NAME: DIBASIC ESTER
CAS NO: 1119-40-0
ALTERNATE NAME: DBE DIBASIC ESTERS

Dibasic esters are a solvent mixture of dimethyl adipate, dimethyl glutarate and dimethyl succinate which causes a selective degeneration of the nasal olfactory epithelium in rats following a 90-day inhalation exposure. In short-term cultures of rat nasal explants, it has been demonstrated that dibasic esters cytotoxicity is due to a carboxylesterase-mediated activation. In the present study, the putative toxic metabolites of dibasic esters, the monomethyl esters and the dicarboxylic acids, were evaluated in the explant system at concentrations ranging from 10 to 50 mM. Mononethyl adipate, monomethyl glutarate, and monomethyl succinate induced increases in nasal explant acid phosphatase release, a biochemical index of cytotoxicity. The nasal explant-mediated metabolism of Mononethyl adipate and monomethyl glutarate to their corresponding diacids paralleled the increases in acid phosphatase release. A carboxylesterase inhibitor, bis(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate, inhibited both the cytotoxicity and the hydrolysis of and monomethyl glutarate in the nasal explant system. The metabolism and cytotoxicity of monomethyl succinate was not attenuated as effectively by bis(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate pretreatment. Adipate, glutarate, and succinate induced concentration-related increases in cytotoxicity in the nasal explant system. These dicarboxylic acids were neither metabolized nor utilized significantly by the nasal explants. Diacid-induced cytotoxicity was not attenuated by bis(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate pretreatment. This study further established the utility of the nasal explant system for evaluating cytotoxicity of organic esters in vitro. It was established that both the monomethyl ester and diacid metabolites are cytotoxic in rat nasal explants. Finally, it was concluded that although both the monomethyl esters and the diacids contribute to the cytotoxic potential of dibasic esters in vitro, it is critical to establish if one or both of these are formed in vivo in order to identify the ultimate toxic metabolite of dibasic esters.

Dibasic ester's production and use as a solvent for fruit flavors may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to the atmosphere, dimethyl succinate is expected to exist solely in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere based on an estimated vapor pressure of 0.46 mm Hg at 25 °C. Vapor-phase dimethyl succinate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals (estimated half-life of 14 days). If released to soil, an estimated Koc of 37 suggests that dimethyl succinate is expected to have very high mobility in soil. Dibasic ester is not expected to volatilize from dry or wet soil surfaces based on this compound's vapor pressure and an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.4X10-8 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C, respectively. If released into water, Dibasic ester is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in the water column based on an estimated Koc of 37. The potential for bioconcentration of dimethyl succinate in aquatic organisms is low based on an estimated BCF of 1.1. Volatilization of dimethyl succinate from water surfaces is not expected to be important based on this compound's Henry's Law constant. Dimethyl succinate has been estimated to be highly biodegraded, with ultimate biodegradation occurring over a period of weeks. Estimated hydrolysis half-lives of 85 days and 2.3 years at pHs 8 and 7, respectively, indicate that hydrolysis of dimethyl succinate is not expected to be environmentally significant. Occupational exposure to Dibasic ester may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Dibasic ester is produced or used. The general population will be exposed to dimethyl succinate via ingestion of food and drinking water.

Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 37(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow of 0.35(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that Dibasic ester is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of Dibasic ester from moist soil surfaces(SRC) is not expected to be important given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.4X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Based upon a group contribution method for predicting the probability and rate of aerobic biodegradation(5), Dibasic ester has been estimated to be highly biodegraded with complete biodegradation occurring over a period of weeks(SRC).

Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 37(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow of 0.35(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that Dibasic ester is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Dibasic ester is not expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3,SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.4X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF value of 1.1(3,SRC), from a measured log Kow(2), suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Based upon a group contribution method for predicting the probability and rate of aerobic biodegradation(6), Dibasic ester has been estimated to be highly biodegraded with complete biodegradation occurring over a period of weeks(SRC).

Dibasic ester is an ester. Esters react with acids to liberate heat along with alcohols and acids. Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products. Heat is also generated by the interaction of esters with caustic solutions. Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing esters with alkali metals and hydrides.

Dibasic esters are a solvent mixture of dimethyl adipate; dimethyl glutarate, and dimethyl succinate used in the paint and coating industry. Subchronic inhalation toxicity studies have demonstrated that dibasic ester induce a mild degeneration of the olfactory, but not the respiratory, epithelium of the rat nasal cavity. Carboxylesterase-mediated hydrolysis of the individual dibasic esters is more efficient in olfactory than in respiratory mucosal homogenates. In the present study, an in vitro system of cultured rat nasal explants was utilized to determine if dibasic ester toxicity is dependent on a metabolic activation by nonspecific carboxylesterase. Explants from both the olfactory and the respiratory regions of the female rat nasal cavity were incubated for 2 hr in Williams' medium E containing 10-100 mM dimethyl adipate, dimethyl glutarate, or dimethyl succinate, dibasic ester caused a dose-related increase in nasal explant acid phosphatase release, a biochemical index of cytotoxicity. HPLC analysis demonstrated parallel increases in the carboxylesterase-mediated formation of monomethyl ester metabolites. Diacid metabolite production in the nasal explant system was not entirely concentration-dependent. Metabolite concentrations and acid phosphatase release were generally greater in olfactory than respiratory tissues. dibasic ester-induced cytotoxicity and acid metabolite production were markedly attenuated in nasal tissue excised from rats which were pretreated with bis(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate, a carboxylesterase inhibitor. This study presents a viable in vitro method for assessing organic ester cytotoxicity in the rat nasal cavity. It was shown that dibasic ester are weak nasal toxicants under the conditions of this system. It was further demonstrated that dibasic ester toxicity is dependent on a carboxylesterase-mediated activation. A similar mechanism was proposed for the nasal toxicity induced by other organic esters following inhalation exposure.

Inhalation exposure of rats to dibasic esters revealed lesions of the nasal olfactory epithelium similar to those observed with other ester solvents. Female rats are more sensitive to these effects than are male rats. It has been proposed that carboxylesterase conversion of inhaled esters within nasal tissues to organic acids may be a critical biochemical step in converting these chemicals to toxic substances. These experiments measured the kinetic parameters Vmax, Km, Ksi, and V/K for the hydrolysis of the dibasic esters in the target nasal tissue, olfactory mucosa, and nontarget tissue, respiratory mucosa. It was determined that under the conditions of these experiments, diacid metabolites are not formed. Esterase activity was inhibited by pretreatment with bis p-nitrophenyl phosphate. Vmax values for the three dibasic esters were 5- to 13-fold greater in olfactory mucosa than respiratory mucosa for male or female rats. V/K values were 4- to 11-fold greater in olfactory mucosa than respiratory mucosa for male or female rats. V/K was similar between male and female olfactory mucosa when dimethyl glutarate was used as the substrate. With dimethyl succinate or dimethyl adipate as the substrate, V/K for female olfactory tissue was 0.5- or 2-fold that of males, respectively. Differences in V/K were mainly due to decreases in KM associated with increasing carbon chain length. Substrate inhibition was observed at dibasic ester concentrations greater than approximately 25 mM, which are unlikely to be achieved in vivo. These results lend further support to the hypothesis that organic acid accumulation in the target tissue, olfactory mucosa, plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of dibasic ester-induced nasal lesions. The mechanism nay be applicable to a wide range of inhaled esters.

COMPOSITION
Components CAS # Concentration
DIMETHYL GLUTARATE 1119-40-0 55 - 65%
DIMETHYL SUCCINATE 106-65-0 15 - 25% 10 - 25%
DIMETHYL ADIPATE 627-93-0 10 - 20%

FIRST AID MEASURES
Skin
Immediate first aid is not likely to be required. This material can be removed with soap and water. Wash heavily contaminated clothing before reuse.
Eye
Immediately rinse with plenty of water. If easy to do, remove any contact lenses. Rinse under the eyelids, for at least 15 minutes.
Get medical attention if irritation develops or persists.
Inhalation
If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Remove material from eyes, skin and clothing.
Ingestion
Have victim rinse mouth thoroughly with water. If swallowed, do NOT induce vomiting. Never give anything by mouth to a victim who is unconscious or is having convulsions. If vomiting occurs naturally, have victim lean forward to reduce risk of aspiration. Obtain medical attention.

5. FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
General fire hazards
Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors are heavier than air and may travel along the ground to some distant source of ignition and flash back.
Extinguishing media
Suitable extinguishing media. Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam.
Unsuitable extinguishing media Do not use water jet.
Protection of firefighters
Specific hazards arising from the chemical
None known.
Protective equipment and precautions for firefighters
Wear full protective clothing, including helmet, self-contained positive pressure or pressure demand breathing apparatus, protective clothing and face mask.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Hazardous combustion products
Combustion products include fumes, smoke, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
Irritating and toxic gases or fumes may be released during a fire.
Auto-ignition temperature: 698˚F (370˚C)
Flammability limits in air, lower, 0.9 % by volume
Flammability limits in air, upper, 8 % by volume
Flash point 217.4˚F (103˚C) Tag Closed Cup

6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
Personal precautions
Keep unnecessary personnel away. Local authorities should be advised if significant spillages cannot be contained.
Environmental precautions
Do not let product enter drains. Do not flush into surface water.
Methods for containment
Stop the flow of material, if this is without risk. Dike the spilled material, where this is possible. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
Methods for cleaning up
Large Spills: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Use a non-combustible material like vermiculite, sand or earth to soak up the product and place into a container for later disposal.
Small Spills: Wipe up with absorbent material (e.g. cloth, fleece). Clean contaminated surface thoroughly.
Other information Clean up in accordance with all applicable regulations.

7. HANDLING AND STORAGE
Handling
Follow all MSDS/label precautions even after container is emptied because it may retain product residues. Do not breathe gas/fumes/vapor/spray. Do not get this material in contact with skin or eyes. Use this product with adequate ventilation. Use nonsparking tools when opening or closing containers.
Storage
Keep tightly closed in a dry, cool and well-ventilated place. Keep away from heat, sparks, and flame. Store away from strong oxidizers.
Ventilation
Provide natural or mechanical ventilation to control exposure levels below airborne limits (see below). The use of local mechanical exhaust ventilation at sources of air contamination such as open process equipment is preferred.
Airborne Exposure Limits have not been established. The manufacturer recommends an airborne exposure guideline of 10 mg/m3 (1.5 ppm) (8-hr. TWA) for this product.

8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS AND PERSONAL PROECTION
Eye Protection: Personal Protection Equipments (PPE)
Where there is significant potential for eye contact, wear chemical goggles and have eye flushing equipment available.
Skin Protection: Personal Protection Equipments (PPE)
Although this product does not present significant skin concern, minimize skin contamination by following good industrial practice.
Wearing protective gloves is recommended. Wash hands and contaminated skin thoroughly after handling.
Respiratory Protection: Personal Protection Equipments (PPE)
Avoid breathing vapor or mist. Use NIOSH/MSHA approved respiratory protection equipment when airborne limits are exceeded (see above). Consult the respirator manufacturer to determine the appropriate type of equipment for a given application. Observe respirator use limitations specified by NIOSH/MSHA or the manufacturer. Respiratory protection programs must comply with 29 CFR 1910 134.

9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Form/Appearance: Liquid.
Color: Colorless
Odor: Sweet
Auto-ignition temperature: 698˚ F (370˚ C)
Boiling point: 384.8 - 437˚ F (196-225˚ C)
Decomposition temperature: Not determined
Evaporation rate: <0.1; Butyl Acetate = 1.0
Flammability limits in air, 0.9 lower, % by volume
Flammability limits in air, 8 upper, % by volume
Flash point: 217.4˚F (103˚ C) Tag closed cup
Freezing point: Not determined
Melting point: -4˚F (-20˚C)
Octanol/H20 coeff: log Pow: 0.19 at 25˚C
Odor threshold: 0.1 ppm - 100% detection; 0.01 ppm - 50% detection
pH: Not determined
Solubility (H20): 5.3% w/w @ 20˚C
Specific gravity: 1.09 @ 20˚C
Vapor density: Not determined
Vapor pressure: 0.01 kPa @ 20˚C
Viscosity: 2.6 mPa/s @ 25˚C
Comments: DBE is considered 100% VOC (1090 g/l) per EPA 40 CFR 51.100 (s) 1 for industrial application

10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
Chemical stability Stable at normal conditions.
Conditions to avoid Heat, flames and sparks.
Incompatible materials
Strong acids, alkalies and oxidizing agents.
Hazardous decomposition products
At thermal decomposition temperatures, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
Possibility of hazardous reactions
Will not occur.

11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Acute effects
Acute LD50: > 5000 mg/kg, Rat, Oral
Acute LC50: > 10.7 mg/I, Rat, InhalationAcute LD50: > 2250 mg/kg, Rabbit, Dermal
Toxicology Data - Selected LD50s and LC50s
DIMETHYL SUCCINATE 106-65-0 Oral LD50 Rat: >5 g/kg;
Dermal LD50 Rabbit: >5 g/kg
DIMETHYL ADIPATE 627-93-0 Oral LD50 Rat: 1920 mg/kg
DIMETHYL GLUTARATE 1119-40-0 Inhalation LC50 Rat: 6.1 mg/L/4H; Oral
LD50 Rat: 8191 mg/kg
Routes of exposure
Inhalation. Skin contact. Eye contact. Ingestion.
Sensitization Did not cause sensitization on laboratory animals. Human experience
Temporary blurred vision has been reported with inhalation, skin and eye contact.
Inhalation can cause irritation to mucous membranes.
Skin contact can cause irritation, rash, discomfort.
Eye contact can cause irritation, excessive tearing, and discomfort.
Eye contact Contact with eyes may cause irritation.
A single application of 10 uL to the eye cause corneal opacity. The administration of 10-100 uL of a similar mixture caused corneal opacity, transient increases in corneal thickness, and transient corneal anesthesia.
Skin contact
This product was not a skin irritant in rabbits when applied to intact skin for 4 hours under semi-occlusive dressings. Earlier studies indicated skin irritation is evident when applied to intact skin for 24 hours under rubber sheeting.
A single application of approximately 60 mg/kg to the skin caused transient increases in the distance from the cornea to the anterior surface of the lens of the eye.
Inhalation
Avoid inhalation of mists or aerosols.
Toxic effects described in animals from exposure by inhalation include upper respiratory tract irritation. A single 4-hour exposure to 60 ppm caused transient corneal opacity and transient increases in the distance from the cornea to the anterior surface of the lens of the eye.
Further information
Repeated dose toxicity: oral, rat: 28 day, NOEL: >1,000 mg/kg
Repeated dose toxicity: inhalation, rat: 90 day, NOEL: 0.02 mg/L

Applications
Dibasic esters are used in paints, coil coatings, paint strippers, coatings, plasticisers, resins, binders, solvents, polyols, soil stabilization, chemical grouting, oilfield drilling fluids, crop protection products, cedar spray, and adhesives.
Dibasic Ester (DBE) and its fractions serve as raw materials for plasticizers, polymers.
N/Aer (DBE) and its fractions serve as raw materials for plasticizers, polymers. wet strength paper resins and other specialty chemicals. These applications are growing rapidly as new uses are found for DBEs as building blocks.
Applications:
Plasticizers- Certain esters of adipic, glutaric, and succinic acids (as mixtures or individually) are excellent plasticizers for various polymer systems including polyvinyl chloride resins.
Polymer Intermediate- As a source of adipic, glutaric and succinic acids and their mixtures, Diabasic Esters provide unique polymer structures. By the selection of the proper DBE fraction, properties, such as low temperature flexibility, can be tailored to meet specific needs.

12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Aquatic Toxicity
Invertebrate - 48 hr. EC50 Daphnia Magna: 137 mg/L
Dimethyl esters of succinic, glutaric and adipic were determined to be "inherently biodegradable" in a semi-continuous activated sludge (SCAS) test following OECD guidelines method 302A. BOD data suggests that these materials are "readily biodegradable". In five-day BOD tests, all materials had a BOD-5/COD ratios greater than 0.6.
Ecotoxicity
EC50/48-hour/Daphnia =17 mg/L
EC50/72-hour/Algae =46.9 mg/L
LC50/96-hour/Bluegill sunfish =7.5 mg/L
Persistence / degradability
Readily biodegradable, according to appropriate OECD test. Assessment of biological degradability (Closed-Bottle Test): 87% after 28 days.
13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
Waste Disposal
This material, when discarded, is not a hazardous waste as that term is defined by the Resource, Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), 40 CFR 261. Dispose of by incineration or recycle in accordance with local, state and federal regulations. Consult your attorney or appropriate regulatory officials for information on such disposal. This product should not be dumped, spilled, rinsed or washed into sewers or public waterways.

14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION
Department of Transportation (DOT) Requirements Not regulated as dangerous goods.
15. REGULATORY INFORMATION
United States Regulations Federal Regulations
All components are on the U.S. EPA TSCA Inventory List. U.S. - TSCA (Toxic Substances Control Act) - Section 12(b) - Export
Notification
DIMETHYL SUCCINATE 106-65-0 Section 4 (applies only to those companies that signed an Enforceable. Consent Agreement for this chemical)
DIMETHYL ADIPATE 627-93-0 Section 4 (applies only to those companies that signed an Enforceable Consent Agreement for this chemical)
DIMETHYL GLUTARATE 1119-40-0 Section 4 (applies only to those companies that signed an Enforceable Consent Agreement for this chemical)
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA)
Hazard categories
Immediate Hazard - Yes
Delayed Hazard - No
Fire Hazard - No
Pressure Hazard - NoReactivity Hazard No
Section 302 extremely hazardous substance: No
16. OTHER INFORMATION
Disclaimer

Solvent that is obtained from blending of dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl succinate and dimethyl adipate and that is a strong solvent for polyester resins. Blending ratio of three esters differs according to the producer. Typical composition and some properties of a widely used product of Invista, named DBE, are given below:
Typical chemical composition:
59% Dimethyl glutarate
20% Dimethyl succinate
21%Dimethyl adipate
Boiling range: 196-225°C; evaporation number relative to ether: >100; specific gravity: 1,092; refractive index: 1,423; flash point: 103°C

This study was conducted to investigate the initial tissue damage, morphogenesis, and reversibility of nasal lesions induced by the inhalation of dibasic esters. Young male rats were exposed, nose-only, to an aerosol/vapor mixture of dibasic esters at a concentration of 5,900 mg/cu m for 4 hr and subsequently killed at 1, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 42 days after exposure. Nasal lesions were distributed along major inspiratory airflow routes. Widespread epithelial denudation occurred in the anterior nasal cavity, but the lesions were confined to the dorsal meatus, adjacent the nasal septum, and the lateral middle meatus in the mid-anterior nasal cavity. The lesions were markedly less severe in the posterior nasal cavity and sharply confined to the tips of dorsal ethmoturbinates and adjacent nasal septum. The damaged cuboidal/nonciliated and respiratory epithelium in the anterior nasal cavity regained a normal structure by 4 and 7 days postexposure, respectively. The regeneration of damaged olfactory epithelium was related to the severity of initial tissue damage. Slightly damaged epithelium regained a normal appearance within 1-2 weeks, but the extensively denuded epithelium of the dorsal meatus in the anterior nasal cavity failed to regain a normal structure by 6 weeks. The sustentacular cells of the olfactory epithelium appeared to be the initial site of dibasic ester nasal injury. In the early stages of regeneration, the epithelium was repaired by proliferating stem cells derived from basal cells. Numerous mitotic figures and bromodeoxyuridine labeling were found in the regenerating basal cells, stem cells, and sustentacular cells at 4 and 7 days. As repair processes advanced, the numbers of olfactory neurons and vesicles were increased with a proportional decrease in stem cells.

Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 37(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow of 0.35(2) and a recommended regression-derived equation(3), indicates that Dibasic ester is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Dibasic ester is not expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3,SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 6.4X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF value of 1.1(3,SRC), from a measured log Kow(2), suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Based upon a group contribution method for predicting the probability and rate of aerobic biodegradation(6), Dibasic ester has been estimated to be highly biodegraded with complete biodegradation occurring over a period of weeks(SRC).

Based upon a group contribution method for predicting the probability and rate of aerobic biodegradation(1), Dibasic ester has been estimated to be highly biodegraded with complete biodegradation occurring over a period of weeks(SRC).
The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of Dibasic ester with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.1X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 14 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). A base-catalyzed second order rate constant of 9.5X10-2 L/mol-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(2); this corresponds to half-lives of 2.3 years and 85 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2,SRC). Carboxylic acid esters are susceptible to hydrolysis(3). The observed rate constants, k1 and k2, for the hydrobromic acid catalysed hydrolysis of Dibasic ester are 1.58X10-3 /min and 7.75X10-4 /min, respectively at 50 °C(4). The observed second-order hydrolysis rate constants, k1 and k2, for the alkaline catalysed hydrolysis of Dibasic ester in 50% aqueous acetonitrile, are 0.287 and 0.0679 L/mol sec at 35 °C(5).

The Henry's Law constant for Dibasic ester is estimated as 6.4X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This value indicates that Dibasic ester will be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(2,SRC). Dibasic ester's Henry's Law constant(1,SRC) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to occur(SRC).
NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 6,262 workers (479 of these are female) are potentially exposed to Dibasic ester in the US(1). Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with Dibasic ester at workplaces where Dibasic ester is produced or used(SRC). The general population will be exposed to Dibasic ester via ingestion of food and drinking water(SRC).

Diethyl succinate is the diethyl ester of succinate.
It is a colorless liquid with the formula (CH2CO2Et)2 (Et = ethyl). The organic molecule contains two ester groups. This ester is a versatile chemical intermediate. A colorless liquid, Dibasic ester is formed by Fisher esterification of succinic acid and ethanol.

Reactions
Being a diester, Dibasic ester is a particularly versatile building block. It participates in acyloin condensation to give 2-hydroxycyclobutanone.[1] Via condensation with oxalate esters, it serves as a precursor to ketoglutaric acid.