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Dioxane Anhydrous is used as a solvent as well as a stabilizer for the solvent trichloroethane.
Anhydrous, dry, without water, is used when performing certain reactions where the presence of water can prevent a chemical reaction from happening, or form undesirable products.
CAS Number: 123-91-1
EC Number: 204-661-8
IUPAC Name: 1,4-Dioxacyclohexane
Chemical Formula: C4H8O2
Other names: 1,4-DIOXANE, Dioxane, 123-91-1, p-Dioxane, Diethylene ether, 1,4-Diethylene dioxide, Dioxan, 1,4-Dioxacyclohexane, Tetrahydro-p-dioxin, Di(ethylene oxide), Tetrahydro-1,4-dioxin, Dioxane-1,4, Dioxanne, 1,4-Dioxan, Diethylene oxide, Diethylene dioxide, Glycol ethylene ether, Dioxan-1,4, para-Dioxane, p-Dioxan, Tetrahydro-para-dioxin, Dioxyethylene ether, Diokan, Dioksan, Glycolethylenether, 1,4-Dioxanne, Diossano-1,4, Dioxaan-1,4, 1, 4-dioxane, 1,4-Diethyleneoxide, p-Dioxin, tetrahydro-, Dioxane, technical grade, 1,4-Dioxanne [French], RCRA waste number U108, NCI-C03689, NSC 8728, HSDB 81, CCRIS 269, paradioxane, 1,4-Diethylenedioxide, EINECS 204-661-8, UNII-J8A3S10O7S, MFCD00006571, NE 220, UN1165, 1,4 dioxane, 1.4-dioxane, UN 1165, 1-4 Dioxane, BRN 0102551, DTXSID4020533, CHEBI:47032, AI3-01055, Glycol ethylene ether 8, NSC-8728, DIOXANE [MI], DIOXAN [MART.], 1,4-Dioxin, tetrahydro-, DTXCID00533, 1,4-DIOXANE [HSDB], 1,4-DIOXANE [IARC], J8A3S10O7S, 1,4-DIOXANE [USP-RS], NSC8728, EC 204-661-8, 5-19-01-00016 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), DIOXAN (MART.), Dioksan [Polish], 1,4-Dioxane, HPLC Grade, Dioxanne [French], p-Dioxan [Czech], 1,4-DIOXANE (IARC), [1,4]dioxane, 1,4-DIOXANE (USP-RS), Dioxaan-1,4 [Dutch], Dioxan-1,4 [German], Diossano-1,4 [Italian], 28552-22-9, 1,4-Dioxane, ACS reagent, >=99.0%, 1, 4-Diethylene dioxide, RCRA waste no. U108, pDioxan, Ethylene glycol ethylene ether, Glykolethylether, para-dioxan, Tetrahydropdioxin, P-Doxane, 1,4dioxane, Tetrahydroparadioxin, 1,4Dioxanne, Diossano1,4, 1,4dioxan, pDioxin, tetrahydro, Dioxaan1,4, Dioxane1,4, 1,4dioxacyclohexane, 1-4-dioxane, Tetrahydro-p-dioxane, Tetrahydro1,4dioxin, Dioxan1,4, 1,4 dioxan, Dioxane 1.4, 1 ,4-dioxane, 1, 4 dioxane, 1,-4-dioxane, 1,4 -dioxane, 1,4,-dioxane, 1,4- dioxane, 1,4-di-oxane, 1 ,4-dioxan, 1,4 -dioxan, [1,4]-dioxane, 1,4Diethylene dioxide, 1,4 Diethylene Ether, Tetrahydro-1,4-dioxan, 1,4-Dioxane, anhydrous, Dioxane (ACGIH:OSHA), WLN: T6O DOTJ, 1,4-Dioxane, for HPLC, 1,4-Dioxane, ACS Grade, BIDD:ER0341, CHEMBL453716, 1,4-Dioxane, SAJ first grade, CHEBI:46923, DTXSID80196672, 1,4-Dioxane, analytical standard, 1,4-Dioxane, p.a., 99%, 1,4-Dioxane, LR, >=99%, BCP16201, 1,4-Dioxane, anhydrous, 99.8%, Tox21_200971, STL264191, AKOS000120203, 1,4-Dioxane, AR, >=99.5%, 1,4-Dioxane, HPLC grade, 99.9%, DB03316, Dioxane [UN1165] [Flammable liquid], NCGC00248888-01, NCGC00258524-01, 1,4-Dioxane, for HPLC, >=99.5%, 1,4-Dioxane, for HPLC, >=99.7%, 1,4-Dioxane, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%, CAS-123-91-1, 1,4-Dioxane 1000 microg/mL in Methanol, 1,4-Dioxane, AldraSORB(TM), 99.8%, 1,4-Dioxane, histological grade, >=99%, 1ST000164, DB-025338, DB-230253, D0860, NS00002649, 1,4-Dioxane 1000 microg/mL in Acetonitrile, 1,4-Dioxane, JIS special grade, >=99.0%, 1,4-Dioxane, spectrophotometric grade, >=99%, 1,4-Dioxane, UV HPLC spectroscopic, 99.9%, G77288, 1,4-Dioxane, anhydrous, ZerO2(TM), 99.8%, Q161532, J-004995, J-523874, BRD-K42978307-001-01
Dioxane Anhydrous, often simply called dioxane because the 1,2 and 1,3 isomers of dioxane are rare, is a heterocyclic organic compound.
Dioxane Anhydrous (/daɪˈɒkseɪn/) is a heterocyclic organic compound, classified as an ether.
Dioxane Anhydrous is a colorless liquid with a faint sweet odor similar to that of diethyl ether.
Dioxane Anhydrous is often called simply dioxane because the other dioxane isomers (1,2- and 1,3-) are rarely encountered.
Dioxane is used as a solvent for a variety of practical applications as well as in the laboratory, and also as a stabilizer for the transport of chlorinated hydrocarbons in aluminum containers.
Dioxane Anhydrous is a hexahydroxy heterocyclic compound containing two oxygen heteroatoms.
Molecular formula C4H8O2，a colorless, flammable liquid, slight ether smell, photosensitive.
Dioxane Anhydrous Vapor can easily form explosive peroxides by absorbing oxygen in the air.
Explosion limit 1.97%-1.97% (volume), Dioxane Anhydrous should be disposed by reducing agent in distillation process.
Melting point 11.8 ℃, boiling point of 101 ℃ (750 mmHg), density 1.0337 (20/4 ℃), refractive index 1.4224, flash point12℃.
Soluble in water, ethanol, ether and other organic solvents.
Dioxane Anhydrous can form azeotrope with water (water content 18.6%) and the boiling point is 87.8 C.
Dioxane Anhydrous turns bright yellow when reacting with tetranitromethane.
Trace amount of 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol(BHT) is often added to the commodity as a stabilizer.
Low toxicity, half lethal dose (rats, oral) 4200 mg/kg.
A possible carcinogen, an irritating chemical.
Dioxane Anhydrous can be prepared by dehydration of ethylene glycol by sulfuric acid and Dioxane Anhydrous is the indirect product in the production of epoxy ethane.
As a good organic solvent, Dioxane Anhydrous has a wide application such as the solvent for cellulose acetate and lots of resins.
Dioxane Anhydrous Is mainly used in the pharmaceutical industry as extraction agent, as a stabilizer in the production of 1,1,1 – trichloroethane as a volatile solvent in the production of polyurethane in place of dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran, as stripping agent in the crafts of coating and painting, as a solvent and dispersant in the dye industry, as a stabilizer in printing ink, and also as treatment agent for metal surface.
In addition, Dioxane Anhydrous can also be used in cosmetics, spices manufacture, electroplating, etc.
Physical Description of Dioxane Anhydrous:
Dioxane appears as a clear colorless liquid with a faint ethereal odor.
Flash point 55°F.
Slightly denser than water and soluble in water.
Vapors heavier than air.
Susceptible to autooxidation to form peroxides.
Liquid.
Colorless liquid or solid (below 53 degrees F) with a mild, ether-like odor.
Colourless liquid with characteristic odour.
Colorless liquid or solid (below 53 °F) with a mild, ether-like odor.
Uses of Dioxane Anhydrous:
Dioxane Anhydrous is used as a solvent for cellulose acetate, ethyl cellulose, benzyl cellulose, resins, oils, waxes, some dyes, and other organic and inorganic compounds.
Used as a solvent for cellulose esters, ethers, and other organic chemicals.
Used as a solvent in resins, polymers, oils, waxes, dyes, wood pulping, adhesives, varnishes lacquers, paints, and cosmetics.
Stabilizer in chlorinated solvents.
Organic solvent for cellulose acetate, ethyl cellulose, benzyl cellulose, resins, oils, waxes, oil and spirit-soluble dyes, and many other organic as well as some inorganic compounds.
The largest single use of Dioxane Anhydrous is the stabilization of 1,1,1-trichloroethane against chemical attack by aluminum.
Historically, Dioxane Anhydrous has been used as a stabilizer for the solvent 1,1,1-trichloroethane.
However, this use is no longer expected to be important due to the 1990 Amendments to the Clean Air Act and the Montreal Protocol, which mandate the eventual phase-out of 1,1,1-trichloroethane production in the U.S.
Dioxane is used as a solvent in the formulation of inks, coatings, and adhesives, and as solvent for extracting animal and vegetable oils.
As a chemical intermediate, dioxane reaction products are useful as insecticides, herbicides, plasticizers, and monomers.
The oxonium complexes of dioxane with salts, mineral acids, halogens, and sulfur trioxide are used as catalysts and as reagents for anhydrous acid reactions, brominations, and sulfonations.
In the laboratory, dioxane is useful as a cryoscopic solvent for molecular mass determinations and as a stable reaction medium for diverse reactions.
Trichloroethane transport:
In the 1980s, most of the dioxane produced was used as a stabilizer for 1,1,1-trichloroethane for storage and transport in aluminium containers.
Normally aluminium is protected by a passivating oxide layer, but when these layers are disturbed, the metallic aluminium reacts with trichloroethane to give aluminium trichloride, which in turn catalyses the dehydrohalogenation of the remaining trichloroethane to vinylidene chloride and hydrogen chloride.
Dioxane "poisons" this catalysis reaction by forming an adduct with aluminum trichloride.
As a solvent:
Dioxane is used in a variety of applications as a versatile aprotic solvent, e. g. for inks, adhesives, and cellulose esters.
Dioxane Anhydrous is substituted for tetrahydrofuran (THF) in some processes, because of Dioxane Anhydrous lower toxicity and higher boiling point (101 °C, versus 66 °C for THF).
While diethyl ether is rather insoluble in water, dioxane is miscible and in fact is hygroscopic.
At standard pressure, the mixture of water and dioxane in the ratio 17.9:82.1 by mass is a positive azeotrope that boils at 87.6 C.
The oxygen atoms are Lewis-basic, and so dioxane is able to solvate many inorganic compounds and serves as a chelating diether ligand.
Dioxane Anhydrous forms 1:1 adducts with a variety of Lewis acids such as I2, phenols, alcohols, and bis(hexafloroacetylacetonato)copper(II).
Dioxane Anhydrous is classified as a hard base and Dioxane Anhydrous base parameters in the ECW model are EB =1.86 and CB = 1.29.
Dioxane Anhydrous reacts with Grignard reagents to precipitate the magnesium dihalide.
In this way, dioxane is used to drive the Schlenk equilibrium.
Dimethylmagnesium is prepared in this manner:
2 CH3MgBr + (C2H4O)2 → MgBr2(C2H4O)2 + (CH3)2Mg
Spectroscopy:
Dioxane is used as an internal standard for nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in deuterium oxide.
Industry Uses of Dioxane Anhydrous:
Functional fluids (closed systems)
Laboratory chemicals
Processing aids, not otherwise listed
Consumer Uses of Dioxane Anhydrous:
Golf and Sports Turf
Application of Dioxane Anhydrous:
Dioxane Anhydrous may undergo nickel-catalyzed oxidative arylation with arylboronic acids to form α-arylated ethers.
Dioxane Anhydrous may be used as a solvent to synthesize:
(Chloromethyl)dimethylphenylsilane from chloro(chloromethyl)dimethylsilane via zinc-catalyzed substitution reaction with phenylmagnesium bromide.
N-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxyethyl)-acetamide from 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-methoxyethanol and acetamide.
D 2234 (OTTO) Dioxane Anhydrous, anhydrous, 99.8% Cas 123-91-1 - used as a solvent to synthesize (Chloromethyl)dimethylphenylsilane from chloro(chloromethyl)dimethylsilane via zinc-catalyzed substitution reaction with phenylmagnesium bromide.
Synthesis of Dioxane Anhydrous:
Dioxane is produced by the acid-catalysed dehydration of diethylene glycol, which in turn is obtained from the hydrolysis of ethylene oxide.
In 1985, the global production capacity for dioxane was between 11,000 and 14,000 tons.
In 1990, the total U.S. production volume of dioxane was between 5,250 and 9,150 tons.
Structure of Dioxane Anhydrous:
The dioxane molecule is centrosymmetric, meaning that Dioxane Anhydrous adopts a chair conformation, typical of relatives of cyclohexane.
However, the molecule is conformationally flexible, and the boat conformation is easily adopted, e.g. in the chelation of metal cations.
Dioxane resembles a smaller crown ether with only two ethyleneoxyl units.
Methods of Manufacturing:
Dioxane Anhydrous is manufactured commercially by dehydration and ring closure of diethylene glycol.
Concentrated sulfuric acid (ca. 5%) is used as a catalyst, although phosphoric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and strongly acidic ion-exchange resins are recognized alternatives.
The process is continuous, with dioxane vaporized from the reaction vessel.
The vapors are passed through an acid trap and two distillation columns to remove water and to purify Dioxane Anhydrous.
Yields of ca. 90% are possible.
Dioxane can be prepared by dehydrohalogenation of 2-chloro-2'-hydroxydiethyl ether, by reacting ethylene glycol with 1,2-dibromoethane, and by dimerizing ethylene oxide either over NaHSO4, SiF4, or BF3, or at elevated temperature with an acidic cation-exchange resin.
From beta,beta-dichloroethyl ether by treatment with alkali.
General Manufacturing Information of Dioxane Anhydrous:
Industry Processing Sectors:
All other basic organic chemical manufacturing
Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing
Services
Wholesale and retail trade
Commercial production of Dioxane Anhydrous in the United States was first reported in 1951, but semi-commercial quantities were available in 1939.
Dioxane Anhydrous is a toxic by-product formed during the synthesis of surfactants used in finished cosmetic products.
Impurities of Dioxane Anhydrous:
Dioxane Anhydrous may contain bis(2-chloroethyl) ether as an impurity.
The tendency of Dioxane Anhydrous to form peroxides may be lessened by the addition of a reducing agent, such as stannous chloride or ferrous sulfate.
Peroxides: 0.003% max (certified reagent), 50 mg/kg max (technical)
Acetic acid: 0.01% max (certified reagent), 0.1% max (technical)
Water : 0.02% max (certified), 0. 1% max (technical)
Non-volatile matter : 0.004% max (certified), 0.0025% max (technical)
2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane: not reported (certified), 0.05%.
Certified reagent grade: carbonyl : 0.05% max
Heavy metals (Pb) : 0.25 ppm max
Iron: 0.25 ppm max.
Formulations/Preparations of Dioxane Anhydrous:
Grade: Reagent, technical, spectrophotometric, scintillation.
Consumption Patterns:
Approximately 90% of the Dioxane Anhydrous produced annually is used as a stabilizer for chlorinated solvents, particularly, 1,1,1-trichloroethane.
The remainder of the Dioxane Anhydrous production is used in solvent applications.
Identification of Dioxane Anhydrous:
Analytic Laboratory Methods
Method: OSHA 7
Procedure: gas chromatography with flame ionization detection
Analyte: dioxane
Matrix: air
Detection Limit: not provided.
Method: NIOSH 1602, Issue 2
Procedure: gas chromatography with flame ionization detection
Analyte: dioxane
Matrix: air
Detection Limit: 0.01 mg per sample.
Method: EPA-RCA 8015C
Procedure: gas chromatography with flame ionization detection
Analyte: Dioxane Anhydrous
Matrix: surface water, ground water, and solid matrices
Detection Limit: 15 ug/L.
Method: EPA-EAD 1624
Procedure: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Analyte: Dioxane Anhydrous
Matrix: water
Detection Limit: 10 ug/L.
Clinical Laboratory Methods of Dioxane Anhydrous:
Dioxane Anhydrous and Dioxane Anhydrous principal metabolite, beta-hydroxyethoxyacetic acid (HEAA), are determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in plasma or urine.
Stability/Shelf Life of Dioxane Anhydrous:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Test for peroxide formation before distillation or evaporation.
Test for peroxide formation or discard after 1 year.
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Metal Degreasing
Textiles (Fiber & Fabric Manufacturing)
Painting (Solvents)
Plastic Composites Manufacturing
Safety Information of Dioxane Anhydrous:
Signal Word: Danger
Hazard Statements: H225 - H319 - H335 - H350
Precautionary Statements: P202 - P210 - P233 - P240 - P305 + P351 + P338 - P308 + P313
Hazard Classifications: Carc. 1B - Eye Irrit. 2 - Flam. Liq. 2 - STOT SE 3
Target Organs: Respiratory system
Supplementary Hazards: EUH019 - EUH066
Storage Class Code: 3 - Flammable liquids
WGK: WGK 2
Flash Point(F): 51.8 °F - closed cup
Flash Point(C): 11 °C - closed cup
Personal Protective Equipment: dust mask type N95 (US), Eyeshields, Gloves
Handling and Storage of Dioxane Anhydrous:
Nonfire Spill Response:
ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.
Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
Stop leak if you can do Dioxane Anhydrous without risk.
Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.
Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.
LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.
Safe Storage of Dioxane Anhydrous:
Fireproof.
Separated from strong oxidants, strong acids and incompatible materials.
Keep in the dark.
Store only if stabilized.
Store in an area without drain or sewer access.
Storage Conditions of Dioxane Anhydrous:
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location.
Store away from heat, oxidizing materials, and sunlight.
Outside or detached storage is preferred.
Inside storage should be in a standard flammable liquids storage warehouse, room, or cabinet.
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practicable to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for expt need to be carried.
Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label.
An inventory should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen and date Dioxane Anhydrous was acquired.
Facilities for dispensing should be contiguous to storage area.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): Flammable liquids
Reactivity of Dioxane Anhydrous:
Hydroperoxide-free Dioxane rapidly forms hydroperoxide on contact with air.
Exposure to sunlight accelerates this formation.
Decomposes to carbon monoxide.
Incompatible with silver perchlorate, oxidizing agents, sulfur trioxide, decaborane, triethynyl aluminum, boron trifluoride.
Dioxane may react with hydrogen in the presence of Rainey nickel above 210C (410F).
Safety of Dioxane Anhydrous:
Dioxane has an LD50 of 5170 mg/kg in rats.
Dioxane Anhydrous is irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract.
Exposure may cause damage to the central nervous system, liver and kidneys.
In a 1978 mortality study conducted on workers exposed to Dioxane Anhydrous, the observed number deaths from cancer was not significantly different from the expected number.
Dioxane is classified by the National Toxicology Program as "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen".
Dioxane Anhydrous is also classified by the IARC as a Group 2B carcinogen: possibly carcinogenic to humans because Dioxane Anhydrous is a known carcinogen in other animals.
The United States Environmental Protection Agency classifies dioxane as a probable human carcinogen (having observed an increased incidence of cancer in controlled animal studies, but not in epidemiological studies of workers using the compound), and a known irritant (with a no-observed-adverse-effects level of 400 milligrams per cubic meter) at concentrations significantly higher than those found in commercial products.
Under California Proposition 65, dioxane is classified in the U.S. State of California to cause cancer.
Animal studies in rats suggest that the greatest health risk is associated with inhalation of vapors in the pure form.
The State of New York has adopted a first-in-the-nation drinking water standard for Dioxane Anhydrous and set the maximum contaminant level of 1 part per billion.
Dioxane Anhydrous tends to concentrate in the water and has little affinity for soil.
Dioxane Anhydrous is resistant to abiotic degradation in the environment, and was formerly thought to also resist biodegradation.
However, more recent studies since the 2000s have found that Dioxane Anhydrous can be biodegraded through a number of pathways, suggesting that bioremediation can be used to treat Dioxane Anhydrous contaminated water.
First Aid of Dioxane Anhydrous:
EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present.
Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center.
Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.
SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing.
Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.
IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.
INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air.
IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop.
Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere.
Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.
INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center.
Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician.
If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body.
DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.
OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring.
Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, Dioxane Anhydrous chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure.
Fire Fighting of Dioxane Anhydrous:
CAUTION: All these products have a very low flash point: Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.
CAUTION: For fire involving UN1170, UN1987 or UN3475, alcohol-resistant foam should be used.
SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.
LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
Do not use straight streams.
Move containers from fire area if you can do Dioxane Anhydrous without risk.
FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.
Fire Fighting Procedures of Dioxane Anhydrous:
Approach fire from upwind to avoid hazardous vapors and toxic decomposition products.
Use water spray, dry chemical.
"alcohol resistant" foam, or carbon dioxide.
Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool.
Fire fighting: Self contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure demand or other positive pressure mode.
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Use water spray to cool unopened containers.
Accidental Release Measures of Dioxane Anhydrous:
Isolation and Evacuation
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.
LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).
FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.
Spillage Disposal of Dioxane Anhydrous:
Personal protection: filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance.
Collect leaking liquid in sealable air tight containers.
Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent.
Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.
Do NOT wash away into sewer.
Cleanup Methods of Dioxane Anhydrous:
1) Remove all ignition sources.
2) ventilate area of spill or leak.
3) for small quantities, absorb on paper towels.
Evaporate in safe place (such as flame hood).
Allow to completely clear hood ductwork.
Burn in suitable location away from combustible materials.
Large quantities can be collected and atomized in suitable combustion chamber equipped with appropriate effluent gas cleaning device.
Dioxane should not be allowed to enter confined space, such as sewer.
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms.
Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially.
Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal the plastic bag should be sealed immediately the sealed bag should be labelled properly.
Waste liquids should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal.
The lid should be secured and the bottles properly labelled.
Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface is not contaminated.
The plastic bag should also be sealed and labelled.
Broken glassware should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators.
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment.
Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas.
Ensure adequate ventilation.
Remove all sources of ignition.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.
Beware of vapors accumulating to form explosive concentrations.
Vapors can accumulate in low areas.
Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up Contain spillage, and then collect with an electrically protected vacuum cleaner or by wet-brushing and place in container for disposal according to local regulations.
Disposal Methods of Dioxane Anhydrous:
Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U108, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.
Good candidate for rotary kiln incineration with a temperature range of 820-1,600 °C with residence times for liquids and gases: seconds; solids: hours.
Also, a good candidate for liquid injection incineration with a temperature range of 650-1,600 °C with residence times of 0.1-2.0 seconds.
Also, a good candidate for fluidized bed incineration with a temperature range of 450-980 °C with residence times for liquids and gases: seconds; solids: longer.
This compound should be susceptible to removal from waste water by air stripping.
PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": There is no universal method of disposal that has been proved satisfactory for all carcinogenic compounds and specific methods of chem destruction published have not been tested on all kinds of carcinogen-containing waste.
Summary of avail methods and recommendations given must be treated as guide only.
Preventive Measures of Dioxane Anhydrous:
The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent.
The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses.
However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye.
In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn.
In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.
Eating and smoking should not be permitted in areas where liquid dioxane is handled, processed, or stored.
Employees who handle liquid dioxane should wash their hands thoroughly before eating, smoking, or using toilet facilities.
Clothing wet with liquid dioxane should be placed in closed containers for storage until Dioxane Anhydrous can be discarded or until provision is made for the removal of dioxane from the clothing.
If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the dioxane, the person performing the operation should be informed of dioxane's hazardous properties.
