DISODIUM EDTA

CAS NO: 139-33-3

SYNONYM: 

Isodium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate; Edetic acid disodium salt; EDTA disodium salt; (Ethylenedinitrilo)tetraacetic acid disodium salt; Disodium Edetate; EDTA disodium salt; 139-33-3; Disodium EDTA; Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt; Edta disodium; Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate; EDTA 2Na; Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; Disodium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate; 6381-92-6; ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt; ETA Solution;Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt solution; EDTA 2Na Solution; SCHEMBL33501; AKOS015900960; AKOS016016390; CS-W019532; KS-0000058S; SC-65716; D3789; E0091; E0103; ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid disodium salt; Disodium N,N'-1,2-ethanediylbis; (Ethylenedinitrilo)-tetraacetic acid disodium salt; Cheladrate; Chelaplex III; Chelaton 3; Chelaton III; Chelest 200; Chelest B; Clewat N; Complexon III; DR-16133; Dinatrium ethylendiamintetraacetat ; Diso-Tate; Disodium (ethylenedinitrilo)tetraacetate; Disodium (ethylenedinitrilo)tetraacetic acid; Disodium diacid

Ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (abbreviated as Dısodium EDTA) is used in several industrial applications attributing to its high ability to bind to most of metal cations. Dısodium EDTA is produced as several salts, e.g. ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid disodium salt (Dısodium EDTA). Dısodium EDTA and its salts are used as chelating agents in cosmetic formulations. Dısodium EDTAS is a preservative, sequestrant, and stabilizer in foods. Dısodium EDTA is added to ascorbic acid-disodium benzoate containing soft drinks to mitigate the formation of benzene. Dısodium EDTA and its salts are used as a component in the production of food-contact paper and paperboard. Dısodium EDTAS is permitted in the feed and drinking water of animals and/or for the treatment of food-producing animals. In the textile industry, Dısodium EDTA and its salts prevent metal ion impurities from changing colors of dyed products. In the pulp and paper industry, Dısodium EDTA and its salts inhibit the ability of metal ions from catalyzing the disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide (a typical bleaching agent).  Disodium edentate behaves as a weak acid, displacing carbon dioxide from carbonates and reacting with metals to form hydrogen. It is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, metal ions, and metal alloys.

Additives may be incompatible with the reconstituted (diluted) solution required for intravenous infusion. Consult with pharmacist, if available. When introducing additives, use aseptic technique, mix thoroughly and do not store. As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their continued use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines newer health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether the use of the pesticide does not pose unreasonable risk in accordance to newer saftey standards, such as those described in the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA '88 were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List C, and with List C containing pesticides of greater concern than those on List D.

Dısodium EDTA is used in synthetic rubber manufacture. Dısodium EDTA is also used as a corrosion inhibitor to carbon steel in the industries. As an anticoagulant, Dısodium EDTAS and tripotassium salts of Dısodium EDTA are most commonly used. Dısodium EDTA occurs as a white crystalline, odorless powder with a slightly acidic taste. Disodium Dihydrogen Dısodium EDTA is a sequestrant and chelating agent whose complete name is disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate. it is a nonhygroscopic powder that is colorless, odorless, and tasteless at recommended use levels. A 1% solution has a ph of 4.3–4.7. It is used to control the reaction of trace metals to include calcium and magnesium with other organic and inorganic components in food to prevent deterioration of color, texture, and development of precipitates and to prevent oxidation. Its function is comparable to that of disodium calcium Dısodium EDTA. 10 mols of ethylene diamine as a 30% aqueous solution and 4 mols of solid caustic soda are placed in a steam heated kettle supplied with an agitator. 8 mols of sodium cyanide as a concentrated water solution (about 30%) are added and the solution heated to 60°C. About a 10 inch vacuum is applied to bring the liquid to incipient boiling.

Formaldehyde (7.5 mols of 37% to 40% aqueous solution) is slowly added, the temperature being held at 60°C, and the solution vigorously stirred. Then, when the evolution of ammonia has substantially stopped, an additional 8 mols of sodium cyanide, followed by 8 mols of formaldehyde are added as before. This is continued until 40 mols of cyanide and 40 mols of formaldehyde have been added. Then at the end about 2 mols more of formaldehyde are added, making 42 mols in all, to remove any last traces of cyanide. About 8 to 10 hours are required to complete the reaction. The resulting product, referred to herein as the crude reaction product, is essentially an aqueous solution of the sodium salt of ethylene diamine tetracetic acid. To 1,000 g of the crude reaction product are added 264 g of ethylene diamine tetracetic acid. The mixture is preferably heated to incipient boiling to increase the rate of reaction, and then the mixture is allowed to cool and crystallize. The crystals formed are filtered off, washed with the smallest possible amount of ice water, and dried to a constant weight, which is 452 g. A representative sample of the product so prepared showed, upon analysis, 13.26% sodium against a theoretical of 13.70% for the disodium salt. The dialkali salt has a pH of about 5.3 and behaves like a weak acid, displacing CO2 from carbonates and reacting with metals to form hydrogen. It is a white crystalline solid. Dısodium EDTA is used as a chelating agent in a wide range of pharmaceutical preparations, including mouthwashes, ophthalmic preparations, and topical preparations, typically at concentrations between 0.005 and 0.1% w/v.

Dısodium EDTA forms stable water-soluble complexes (chelates) with alkaline earth and heavy-metal ions. The chelated form has few of the properties of the free ion, and for this reason chelating agents are often described as ‘removing’ ions from solution, a process known as sequestering. The stability of the metal–edetate complex is dependent on the metal ion involved and the pH.
Dısodium EDTA is also used as a water softener as it will chelate calcium and magnesium ions present in hard water. It is also used therapeutically as an anticoagulant as it will chelate calcium and prevent the coagulation of blood in vitro. Concentrations of 0.1% w/v are used in small volumes for hematological testing and 0.3% w/v in transfusions. Poison by intraperitoneal and intravenous routes. Moderately toxic by ingestion. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. The calcium disodium salt of Dısodium EDTA is used as a chelating agent in treating lead poisoning. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx and NasO.

Dısodium EDTA, trisodium edetate, and edetic acid readily chelate calcium and can, in large doses, cause calcium depletion (hypocalcemia) if used over an extended period of time, or if administered too rapidly by intravenous infusion. If used in preparations for the mouth, they can also leach calcium from the teeth. However, edetate calcium disodium does not chelate calcium.
Dısodium EDTA should be used with caution in patients with renal impairment, tuberculosis, and impaired cardiac function.
Although Dısodium EDTA is generally considered safe, there have been reports of Dısodium EDTA toxicity in patients receiving chelation therapy.  All of the industrially used methods of manufacture of Dısodium EDTA and its salts involve the addition of formaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide or an alkali metal cyanide to an aqueous solution of Dısodium EDTA. The salts, or edetates, are then formed by hydrolysis. Dısodium EDTA can also be formed by heating tetrahydroxyethylethylenediamine with sodium or potassium hydroxide using a cadmium oxide catalyst. Disodium Dısodium EDTA was prepared by dissolving Dısodium EDTA into a hot solution that contained two equivalents of sodium hydroxide. The solution was then allowed to crystallize. Dısodium EDTA is not expected to contain pesticides, 1,4-dioxane, free ethylene oxide, monochloroacetic acid, sulfite, organic solvents, nitrosamines, or other substances. The maximum concentration of heavy metals and formaldehyde is 10 ppm and 100 ppm, respectively.

Dısodium EDTA is a substituted diamine ... it contains 76.0% to 77.5% Dısodium EDTA. When dried, the cosmetic-grade material contains not less than 99.0% of Disodium Dısodium EDTA ... The pharmaceutical-grade material contains not less than 99.0% and not more than 101.0% /disodium Dısodium EDTA/, calculated on a dried basis. Nasal formulations containing benzalkonium chloride and Dısodium EDTA, both known to be local irritants, were shown to produce an inflammatory reaction, and microscopic examination showed an extended infiltration of the mucosa by eosinophils, and pronounced atrophy and disorganization of the epithelium, although these effects were subsequently shown to be reversible. Dısodium EDTA (Sodium Dısodium EDTA) is a chelating agent that is also used to stop the melting effect of collagenases and proteases on the cornea. Dısodium EDTA is useful in halting melting through inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases, but is not felt to be useful for melting caused by infectious agents. As the effect of Dısodium EDTA on metalloproteinases is reversible, it must be administered several times daily to be effective. Edetate salts are more stable than edetic acid (see also Edetic acid). However, Dısodium EDTA dihydrate loses water of crystallization when heated to 120°C. Aqueous solutions of Dısodium EDTA may be sterilized by autoclaving, and should be stored in an alkali-free container.

Dısodium EDTA is hygroscopic and is unstable when exposed to moisture. It should be stored in a well-closed container in a cool, dry place. Dısodium EDTA is used to hold metal ions in the laboratory. Biochemistry and molecular biology are used as a consumer against enzymes. In analytical chemistry, complexometric titration is used in water hardness masking agents analysis. It is a popular food additive used as a preservative and flavoring. Calcium disodium Dısodium EDTA works as a chelating agent. This means it binds to metals and prevents them from participating in chemical reactions that could cause discoloration or flavor loss. Dısodium EDTA is used to hold metal ions in the laboratory. Biochemistry and molecular biology are used as a consumer against enzymes. In analytical chemistry, complexometric titration is used in water hardness masking agents analysis. Dısodium EDTA (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid) and its salts, Calcium Disodium Dısodium EDTA, Diammonium Dısodium EDTA, Dipotassium Dısodium EDTA, Disodium Dısodium EDTA, TEA-Dısodium EDTA, Tetrasodium Dısodium EDTA, Tripotassium Dısodium EDTA and Trisodium Dısodium EDTA, and the related ingredients HDısodium EDTA (hydroxyethyl ethylenediamine triacetic acid) and its trisodium salt, Trisodium HDısodium EDTA, are crystalline powders often sold as aqueous solutions.

In cosmetics and personal care products, these ingredients are widely used and can be found in moisturizers, skin care and cleansing products, personal cleanliness products, bath soaps, shampoos and conditioners, hair dyes, hair bleaches, and many other product types. Dısodium EDTA, also known as edetic acid, and its salts were developed to counteract the effects of hard water and heavy metal ions in the manufacture of textiles. These metal chelators are widely used in cosmetics and personal care products, in food, and in medicines. These ingredients form complexes with calcium, magnesium, and iron, which allows for better foaming and cleaning performance of cosmetics and personal care products. By binding with metal ions, these ingredients prevent the metals from being deposited onto the hair, scalp and skin. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reviewed the safety of Disodium Dısodium EDTA and Calcium Disodium Dısodium EDTA and approved the use of these ingredients as food preservatives for direct addition to food.