E 133

CAS:    3844-45-9
MF:    C37H37N2NaO9S3
MW:    772.88
EINECS:    223-339-8

E 133 is a synthetic organic compound used primarily as a blue colorant for processed foods, medications, dietary supplements, and cosmetics.
E 133 is classified as a triarylmethane dye and is known under various names, such as FD&C Blue No. 1 or acid blue 9. 
E 133 is denoted by E number E133 and has a color index of 42090. 
E 133 has the appearance of a blue powder and is soluble in water and glycerol, with a maximum absorption at about 628 nanometers. 
E 133 is one of the oldest FDA-approved color additives and is generally considered nontoxic and safe.

E 133is a water-soluble dye that has been used for many purposes, including as a food coloring and in wastewater treatment. 
E 133 is an intensely blue powder that is soluble in water and reactive to acids. 
The toxicity of E 133 has been extensively studied, with long-term studies showing no significant negative effects on the liver or other organs. 
In addition, E 133 does not cause any toxic effects when tested on human serum. 
The adsorption of E 133 or silica gel beads has been shown to be reversible and time-dependent. 
E 133 can also be quantified using an analytical method involving surface methodology coupled with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

E 133 Chemical Properties
Melting point: 283 °C (dec.)(lit.)
Density: 0.65
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility water: soluble1mg/mL
Form: Fine Crystalline Powder
Colour Index: 42090
Color: Dark purple
Water Solubility: SOLUBLE
λmax: 406 nm, 625 nm
Merck: 14,1373
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Biological Applications: Treating coughing,sneezing,rhinorrhea,nasal obstruction,rhinitis; medical devices
IARC: 3 (Vol. 16, Sup 7) 1987
EPA Substance Registry System: E 133, disodium salt (3844-45-9)

Production
E 133 is synthetic dye produced by the condensation of 2-formylbenzenesulfonic acid and the appropriate aniline followed by oxidation.
E 133 can be combined with tartrazine (E102) to produce various shades of green.

E 133 is usually a disodium salt.  
E 133 is also permitted. 
E 133 can also appear as an aluminum lake. 
The chemical formation is C37H34N2Na2O9S3.
In these dyes, the E 133 is replaced by H and Cl, respectively.

Many attempts have been made to find similarly colored natural dyes that are as stable as E 133. 
Blue pigments must possess many chemical traits, including pi-bond conjugation, aromatic rings, heteroatoms and heteroatom groups, and ionic charges in order to absorb low energy red light. 
Most natural blue dyes are either unstable, blue only in alkaline conditions, or toxic; good candidates for further research into use as natural dyes include anthocyanin and trichotomine derivatives. 
No replacement for E 133 has been found for use in beverages.

Uses    
E 133 has the appearance of a reddish-blue powder. 
E 133 is soluble in water, and the solution has a maximum absorption at about 628 nanometers. 
E 133 is a synthetic dye produced using aromatic hydrocarbons from petroleum, is a colorant for foods and other substances.
E 133 is a colorant for foods and other substances to induce a color change. 
It is denoted by E number E133 and has a color index of 42090. 
E 133 has the appearance of a reddish-blue powder. 
E 133 is soluble i n water, and the solution has a maximum adsorption at about 628 nanometer. 
E 133 has the capacity for inducing an allergic reaction in individuals with pre-existing moderate asthma.
Colorant in food, drugs and cosmetics. 
Biological stain; textile dye; wood stain; indicator.
E 133 is a colorant. 
E 133 has a solubility in water of 20 g in 100 ml at 25°c. 
E 133 has good ph stability with only slight fading after 1 week at ph 3, 7, and 8 but is unstable in alkalis such as 10% sodium carbonate and 10% ammonium hydroxide. 
E 133 has good stability in 10% sugar systems. 
E 133 has fair stability to light, fair to poor stability to oxidation, and good stability to heat. 
E 133 has a greenish-blue hue with excellent tinctorial strength. 
E 133 is used with other primary colors to produce a variety of shades, for example, in combination with fd&c yellow #5, it gives green. 
E 133 has good compatibility with food components. 
E 133 is used in candies, baked goods, soft drinks, and desserts. 
The common name is brilliant blue fcf.
Like many other color additives, the primary use of Blue No. 1 is to correct or enhance natural coloring or to give colorless compounds a vivid hue.

In the United States, of the two approved blue dyes (the other being Indigo carmine, or FD&C Blue #2), brilliant blue FCF is the more common of the two. 
As a blue color, E 133 is often found in cotton candy, ice cream, canned processed peas, packet soups, bottled food colorings, icings, ice pops, blueberry flavored products, children's medications, dairy products, sweets soft drinks, and drinks, especially the liqueur Blue Curaçao. 
E 133 is also used in soaps, shampoos, mouthwash and other hygiene and cosmetics applications.

E 133 is extensively used as a water tracer agent.
Due to its ability to retain color for long periods of time, E 133 outperforms other dye tracers.
Additionally, E 133 has a low toxicity level that is favorable for the environment. However, E 133 has different impacts on varying soils. 
E 133 is attracted to and sorbed in acidic soils due to its large size and ionic charge. 
Soil composition and flow velocity also affect the level of sorption of E 133.

E 133 within beverages items—such as soda—can be used in the blue bottle experiment. 
In such foods, both the dye and reducing agents are incorporated in the same solution. 
When the solution is blue, oxygen is present. 
On the addition of NaOH, a reaction occurs that removes the oxygen, turning the solution clear. 
The dye turns back to blue once E 133 is reoxidized by swirling the solution, incorporating oxygen from the air as an oxidizing agent.

Synonyms
Brilliant Blue FCF
3844-45-9
Acid Blue 9
Brilliant Blue
Erioglaucine disodium salt
FD&C Blue No. 1
Erioglaucine
Alphazurine FG
Blue 1206
Food Blue No. 1
FD & C Blue no. 1
Dolkwal Brilliant Blue
Acid Sky Blue A
Hexacol Brilliant Blue A
Brilliant Blue FCF supra
FD and C Blue No. 1
C.I. Food Blue 2
Food Blue 1
C.I. ACID BLUE 9, DISODIUM SALT
Usacert Blue No. 1
CHEBI:82411
1206 Blue
Canacert Brilliant Blue FCF
PPQ093M8HR
FD&C Blue 1
Benzenemethanaminium, N-ethyl-N-(4-((4-(ethyl((3-sulfophenyl)methyl)amino)phenyl)(2-sulfophenyl)methylene)-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene)-3-sulfo-, hydroxide, inner salt, disodium salt
CHEMBL3184128
Acid Blue 9;FD&C Blue No. 1;E133
Fenazo Blue XI
Merantine Blue EG
Benzenemethanaminium, N-ethyl-N-[4-[[4-[ethyl[(3-sulfophenyl)methyl]amino]phenyl](2-sulfophenyl)methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene]-3-sulfo-, inner salt, disodium salt
Cosmetic Blue Lake
blue no. 1
Japan Blue No. 1
Intracid Pure Blue L
FDC Blue No. 1
Erioglaucin A
Food Blue Dye No. 1
Modr Kysela 9 [Czech]
Aizen Food Blue No. 2
CCRIS 97
Modr Kysela 9
Benzenemethanaminium, N-ethyl-N-(4-((4-(ethyl((3-sulfophenyl)methyl)amino)phenyl)(2-sulfophenyl)methylene)-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene)-3-sulfo-, inner salt, disodium salt
Benzenemethanaminium, N-ethyl-N-(4-((4-(ethyl((3-sulfophenyl)methyl)amino)phenyl)(2-sulfophenyl)methylene)-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene)-3-sulfo-, inner salt, sodium salt (1:2)
disodium 2-{(Z)-(4-{ethyl[(3-sulfonatophenyl)methyl]amino}phenyl)[(4Z)-4-{ethyl[(-sulfonatophenyl)methyl]iminio}cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]methyl}benzenesulfonate
disodium;2-[[4-[ethyl-[(3-sulfonatophenyl)methyl]amino]phenyl]-[4-[ethyl-[(3-sulfonatophenyl)methyl]azaniumylidene]cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene]methyl]benzenesulfonate
Modr Brilantni FCF [Czech]
Food Blue No.1
Modr Brilantni FCF
Modr Potravinarska 2 [Czech]
Modr Potravinarska 2
Usacert FD and C Blue No. 1
Brilliant blue FCF, disodium salt
Brilliant Blue E 133
D&C Blue No. 1
E133
EINECS 223-339-8
MFCD00012141
UNII-H3R47K3TBD
UNII-PPQ093M8HR
HSDB 7972
8-(phenylamino)-5-[(E)-{4-[(E)-(3-sulfophenyl)diazenyl]naphthalen-1-yl}diazenyl]naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid
FD&C Blue #1
DSSTox_CID_189
DSSTox_RID_75422
H3R47K3TBD
DSSTox_GSID_20189
SCHEMBL124486
DTXSID2020189
AMY22374
Tox21_300516
BDBM50574568
AKOS037643360
NCGC00254363-01
Ammonium, ethyl(4-(p-(ethyl(m-sulfobenzyl)amino)-alpha-(o-sulfophenyl)benzylidene)-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene)(m-sulfobenzyl)-, hydroxide, inner salt, disodium salt
AS-15303
Dihydrogen (ethyl)(4-(4-(ethyl(3-sulphonatobenzyl)amino)-2'-sulphonatobenzhydrylidene)cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)(3-sulphonatobenzyl)ammonium, disodium salt
CAS-3844-45-9
B0790
F0147
FT-0625694
C19352
D88693
Q420093
DISODIUM N-ETHYL-N-4-((4-(ETHYL((3-SULFOPHENYL)METHYL)AMINO)PHENYL)(2-SULFOPHENYL)METHYLENE)-2,5-CYCLOHEXADIEN-1-YLIDENE)-3-SULFOBENZENEMETHANAMINIUM
DISODIUM SALT OF ETHYL(4-(P-(ETHYL(M-SULFOBENZYL)AMINO)-(ALPHA)-(O-SULFOPHENYL) BENZYLIDENE)-2,5-CYCLOHEXADIEN-1-YLIDENE)(M-SULFOBENZYL) AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE INNER SALT
N-Ethyl-N-(4-((4-(ethyl((3-sulfophenyl)methyl)amino)phenyl)(2-sulfophenyl)methylene)-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene)-3-sulfobenzeneme- thanaminium hydroxide, inner salt, disodium salt
N-ethyl-N-4-4-ethyl(3-sulfophenyl)methylaminophenyl(2-sulfophenyl)methylene-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ylidene-3-sulfo-Benzenemethanaminium inner salt, disodium salt
Sodium 2-((4-(ethyl(3-sulfonatobenzyl)amino)phenyl)(4-(ethyl(3-sulfonatobenzyl)iminio)cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl)benzenesulfonate
sodium 2-((E)-(4-(ethyl(3-sulfonatobenzyl)amino)phenyl)((E)-4-(ethyl(3-sulfonatobenzyl)iminio)cyclohexa-2,5-dienylidene)methyl)benzenesulfonate