Quick Search

PRODUCTS

E 160D

CAS Number :  502-65-8 
EC Number  :  207-949-1
ECHA InfoCard    : 100.007.227 
PubChem CID    : 446925
ChemSpider    : 394156 
Chemical formula    : C40H56
Molar mass     : 536.888 g·mol−1
Appearance     : deep red solid
Density             : 0.889 g/cm3
Melting point     : 177 °C
Boiling point     : 660.9 °C

E 160d is an organic compound classified as a tetraterpene and a carotene.
E 160d (from the neo-Latin Lycopersicum, the tomato species) is a bright red carotenoid hydrocarbon found in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables.

Occurrence of E 160d 
Aside from tomatoes, E 160d  is found in red carrots, watermelons, grapefruits, and papayas. 
E 160d  is not present in strawberries or cherries.
E 160d  has no vitamin A activity.

In plants, algae, and other photosynthetic organisms, E 160d  is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of many carotenoids, including beta-carotene, which is responsible for yellow, orange, or red pigmentation, photosynthesis, and photoprotection.
Like all carotenoids,E 160d  is a tetraterpene.
E 160d  is insoluble in water. 
Eleven conjugated double bonds give lycopene its deep red color. 
Owing to the strong color, E 160d  is useful as a food coloring (registered as E160d) and is approved for use in the US,Australia and New Zealand (registered as 160d)and the European Union.

Structure and physical properties of E 160d 
E 160d  is a symmetrical tetraterpene because it consists entirely of carbon and hydrogen and is derived from eight isoprene subunits.
Isolation procedures for E 160d  were first reported in 1910, and the structure of the molecule was determined by 1931. 
In its natural, all-trans form, the molecule is long and somewhat flat, constrained by its system of 11 conjugated double bonds. 
The extended conjugation is responsible for its deep red color.

Plants and photosynthetic bacteria produce all-trans lycopene.
When exposed to light or heat, E 160d  can undergo isomerization to any of a number of cis-isomers, which have a less linear shape. 
Isomers distinct stabilities, with highest stability: 5-cis ≥ all-trans ≥ 9-cis ≥ 13-cis > 15-cis > 7-cis > 11-cis: lowest.
In human blood, various cis-isomers constitute more than 60% of the total lycopene concentration, but the biological effects of individual isomers have not been investigated.

E 160d  is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of many carotenoids.
Carotenoids like E 160d  are found in photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes in plants, photosynthetic bacteria, fungi, and algae.
They are responsible for the bright orange–red colors of fruits and vegetables, perform various functions in photosynthesis, and protect photosynthetic organisms from excessive light damage. 
E 160d  is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of carotenoids, such as beta-carotene, and xanthophylls.

Dispersed E 160d  molecules can be encapsulated into carbon nanotubes enhancing their optical properties.
Efficient energy transfer occurs between the encapsulated dye and nanotube—light is absorbed by the dye and without significant loss is transferred to the nanotube. 
Encapsulation increases chemical and thermal stability of lycopene molecules; it also allows their isolation and individual characterization

Biosynthesis of E 160d 
The unconditioned biosynthesis of E 160d  in eukaryotic plants and in prokaryotic cyanobacteria is similar, as are the enzymes involved.
Synthesis begins with mevalonic acid, which is converted into dimethylallyl pyrophosphate. 
This is then condensed with three molecules of isopentenyl pyrophosphate (an isomer of dimethylallyl pyrophosphate), to give the 20-carbon geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. 
Two molecules of this product are then condensed in a tail-to-tail configuration to give the 40-carbon phytoene, the first committed step in carotenoid biosynthesis. 
Through several desaturation steps, phytoene is converted into E 160d . 
The two terminal isoprene groups of E 160d  can be cyclized to produce beta-carotene, which can then be transformed into a wide variety of xanthophylls.

Staining and removal of E 160d 
E 160d  is the pigment in tomato sauces that turns plastic cookware orange. 
E 160d  is insoluble in plain water, but it can be dissolved in organic solvents and oils. 
Because of its non-polarity, lycopene in food preparations will stain any sufficiently porous material, including most plastics. 
To remove this staining, the plastics may be soaked in a solution containing a small amount of chlorine bleach.
The bleach oxidizes the E 160d , thus allowing the product to dissolve.

Diet of E 160d 

Consumption by humans
Absorption of E 160d  requires that it be combined with bile salts and fat to form micelles.
Intestinal absorption of E 160d  is enhanced by the presence of fat and by cooking.
E 160d  dietary supplements (in oil) may be more efficiently absorbed than lycopene from food.
E 160d  is not an essential nutrient for humans, but is commonly found in the diet mainly from dishes prepared from tomatoes.
The median and 99th percentile of dietary E 160d  intake have been estimated to be 5.2 and 123 mg/d, respectively.

Sources of E 160d
Fruits and vegetables that are high in E 160d include autumn olive, gac, tomatoes, watermelon, pink grapefruit, pink guava, papaya, seabuckthorn, wolfberry (goji, a berry relative of tomato), and rosehip.
Ketchup is a common dietary source of E 160d.
Although gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng) has the highest content of E 160d of any known fruit or vegetable (multiple times more than tomatoes),tomatoes and tomato-based sauces, juices, and ketchup account for more than 85% of the dietary intake of E 160d for most people.
The E 160d content of tomatoes depends on variety and increases as the fruit ripens.

Unlike other fruits and vegetables, where nutritional content such as vitamin C is diminished upon cooking, processing of tomatoes increases the concentration of bioavailable E 160d.
E 160d in tomato paste is up to four times more bioavailable than in fresh tomatoes.
Processed tomato products such as pasteurized tomato juice, soup, sauce, and ketchup contain a higher concentration of bioavailable E 160d compared to raw tomatoes.

Cooking and crushing tomatoes (as in the canning process) and serving in oil-rich dishes (such as spaghetti sauce or pizza) greatly increases assimilation from the digestive tract into the bloodstream. 
E 160d is fat-soluble, so the oil is said to help absorption. 
Gac has high E 160d content derived mainly from its seed coats.
Cara cara navel, and other citrus fruit, such as pink grapefruit, also contain E 160d.
Some foods that do not appear red also contain E 160d, e.g., asparagus, which contains about 30 μg of E 160d per 100-g serving[4] (0.3 μg/g) and dried parsley and basil, which contain around 3.5–7.0 μg/g of E 160d.
When E 160d is used as a food additive (E160d), it is usually obtained from tomatoes.

Adverse effects of E 160d
E 160d is non-toxic and commonly found in the diet, mainly from tomato products. 
There are cases of intolerance or allergic reaction to dietary lycopene, which may cause diarrhea, nausea, stomach pain or cramps, gas, and loss of appetite.
E 160d may increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulant drugs.
Because E 160d may cause low blood pressure, interactions with drugs that affect blood pressure may occur. 
E 160d may affect the immune system, the nervous system, sensitivity to sunlight, or drugs used for stomach ailments.
Lycopenemia is an orange discoloration of the skin that is observed with high intakes of E 160d.
The discoloration is expected to fade after discontinuing excessive E 160d intake.

E 160d is a linear, unsaturated hydrocarbon carotenoid, the major red pigment in fruits such as tomatoes, pink grapefruit, apricots, red oranges, watermelon, rosehips, and guava. 
As a class, carotenoids are pigment compounds found in photosynthetic organisms (plants, algae, and some types of fungus), and are chemically characterized by a large polyene chain containing 35-40 carbon atoms; some carotenoid polyene chains are terminated by two 6-carbon rings. 
In animals, carotenoids such as E 160d may possess antioxidant properties which may retard aging and many degenerative diseases. 
As an essential nutrient, E 160d is required in the animal diet. 

E 160d is an acyclic carotene commonly obtained from tomatoes and other red fruits. 
E 160d has a role as an antioxidant and a plant metabolite. 
E 160d contains a carotenoid psi-end derivative.

E 160d  is a naturally occuring red carotenoid pigment that is responsible in red to pink colors seen in tomatoes, pink grapefruit, and other foods. 
Having a chemical formula of C40H56, E 160d  is a tetraterpene assembled from eight isoprene units that are solely composed of carbon and hydrogen.
E 160d  may undergo extensive isomerization that allows 1056 theoretical cis-trans configurations; however the all-trans configuration of lycopene is the most predominant isomer found in foods that gives the red hue. 
E 160d  is a non-essential human nutrient that is classified as a non-provitamin A carotenoid pigment since it lacks a terminal beta ionone ring and does not mediate vitamin A activity. However E 160d  is a potent antioxidant molecule that scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) singlet oxygen. 
Tomato E 160d  extract is used as a color additive in food products.

Chemical Properties of E 160d

-Boiling point: 660.9 °C
-Formula: C40H56
-Molar mass: 536,873 g/mol
-Classification: Carotenoid
-Melting point: 172-173 °C
-Molecular weight: 536,873 g/mol
-Molecular formula: C40H56

E160d is a food additive approved by the European Union (EU). 
E 160d is used as a natural colouring agent in food and drink products.

The common name for E160d is lycopene.
E160d is a red colouring that occurs naturally in pink grapefruits and tomatoes. 
When used on a large scale for commercial purposes, the colouring is extracted from tomatoes. 
The concentration of lycopene in the body tissues is higher than other carotenoids.
E160d is thought by some to reduce the risk of various types of cancer (including breast cancer and prostate cancer) and heart disease. 
However, it is banned in Australia.

Examples of food and drink products that sometimes include E160d:

-tomatoes
-pink grapefruit
-pink guava
-papaya
-watermelon
-rosehip
-red bell peppers

E160d is an oil-soluble red carotenoid pigment which occurs naturally in a number of fresh fruits and vegetables, such as tomatoes, watermelon, pink grapefruit and papaya. 
Also E160d can be produced by synthesis. 
Applicable acidic and neutral pHs, in candies, dairy, bakery, surimi, meat and sauces. 
Available in watersoluble and liposoluble version.

E160d is a linear, unsaturated hydrocarbon carotenoid, the major red pigment in fruits such as tomatoes, pink grapefruit, apricots, red oranges, watermelon, rosehips, and guava. 
As a class, carotenoids are pigment compounds found in photosynthetic organisms (plants, algae, and some types of fungus), and are chemically characterized by a large polyene chain containing 35-40 carbon atoms; some carotenoid polyene chains are terminated by two 6- carbon rings. 
In animals, carotenoids such as E160d may possess antioxidant properties which may retard aging and many degenerative diseases. 
As an essential nutrient, E160d is required in the animal diet.
Fruits and vegetables that are high in E160d include autumn olive, gac, tomatoes, watermelon, pink grapefruit, pink guava, papaya, seabuckthorn, wolfberry (goji, a berry relative of tomato), and rosehip. 
Ketchup is a common dietary source of E160d. 
E160d has a E number 160d.

E160d is a naturally occurring pigment found in vegetables (especially tomatoes), fruits, algae and fungi. 
E160d can also be synthesized chemically. Lycopene, Synthetic occurs as a dark red to dark violet crystals or crystalline powder and is an open-chain, unsaturated C40 carotenoids made up of eight isoprene units, and consists of a mixture of geometric isomers. 
E160d Extract from Tomato occurs as a dark-red viscous liquid and is obtained through ethyl acetate extraction of the pulp of ripe red tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) followed by removal of the solvent. 
E160d from Blakeslea trispora occurs as a red crystalline powder and is a fermentation product that accumulates inside the biomass of the fungus and is extracted and purified using suitable solvents.

Common Uses of E160d
E160d extract from tomato is used in food including dairy products, non-alcoholic flavored drinks, cereal and cereal products, bread and baked goods and spreads, providing color shades from yellow to red. 
E160d may also be found to provide color to yogurts, candies, soups, salad dressings, sauces, fruit and vegetable juices.


FIRST AID MEASURES of E160d

Skin Contact: 
Wash off immediately with soap and plenty of water removing all contaminated clothing and shoes. 
Get medical attention if irritation develops. 
Consult a physician if necessary. 

Eye Contact: 
Flush eyes with water for 15 minutes. 
Get medical attention if irritation occurs. 
If symptoms persist, call a physician.

Inhalation: 
Move to fresh air. 
If not  breathing, give artificial respiration. 
If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. 
Get medical attention.

Ingestion: 
Do not induce vomiting without medical advice. 
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. 
Consult a physician if necessary.


Substance identity

EC / List no.: 207-949-1
CAS no.: 502-65-8
Mol. formula: C40H56

Hazard classification & labelling of E 160d
According to the majority of notifications provided by companies to ECHA in CLP notifications no hazards have been classified.

E 160d predicted as likely to meet criteria for category 1A or 1B carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, or reproductive toxicity, or with dispersive or diffuse use(s) where predicted likely to meet any classification criterion for health or environmental hazards, or where there is a nanoform soluble in biological and environmental media.
E 160d indicated, in 2009, as being intended to be registered by at least one company in the EEA.

E 160d for which classification and labeling data have been submitted to ECHA in a registration under REACH or notified by manufacturers or importers under CLP. 
Such notifications are required for hazardous substances, as such or in mixtures, as well as for all substances subject to registration, regardless of their hazard.

E 160d listed in the EINECS, ELINCS, or NLP inventories.

Synonyms:
Lycopene
Lycopene, all-trans-
Psi,psi-carotene
psi,psi-carotene
(6E,8E,10E,12E,14E,16E,18E,20E,22E,24E,26E)-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriaconta-2,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,30-tridecaene
Psi,psi-carotene
psi,psi-carotene
25453-98-9
360790-67-6
502-65-8
7634-65-3
LYCOPENE
502-65-8
all-trans-Lycopene
Psi,psi-carotene
trans-Lycopene
Lycopene 7
lycored
Redivivo
Mexoryl SAQ
Tomat-O-Red
(6E,8E,10E,12E,14E,16E,18E,20E,22E,24E,26E)-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriaconta-2,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,30-tridecaene
(all-trans)-lycopene
TOMATO LYCOPENE
Lycopene, all-trans-
Ateronon
Aec lycopene
CI 75125
Blakeslea trispora
(all-e)-lycopene
NSC 407322
C.I. 75125
SB0N2N0WV6
INS-160D(III)
INS NO.160D(III)
Lycopene from blakeslea trispora
FEMA NO. 4110
CHEBI:15948
E-160D(III)
NSC-407322
NCGC00166291-01
.psi.,.psi.-Carotene
(all-E)-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-Octamethyl-2,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,30-dotriacontatridecaene
Lycopene (VAN)
cis-Lycopene
LYC-O-MATO
MFCD00017350
CCRIS 7925
EINECS 207-949-1
UNII-SB0N2N0WV6
Solanorubin
LyocpenePowder
NSC407322
psi-psi-carotene
y,y-Carotene
Lyco Vit
LYC
Lycopene preparation
Lycopene all-trans-
LYCOPENE [INCI]
LYCOPENE [MI]
LYCOPENE [VANDF]
LYCOPENE [MART.]
LYCOPENE [WHO-DD]
DSSTox_CID_26593
DSSTox_RID_81750
DSSTox_GSID_46593
BSPBio_003389
Lycopene, analytical standard
E160d
TOMATO LYCOPENE [FHFI]
CHEMBL501174
DTXSID2046593
Lycopene, >=90%, from tomato
CI 75125 [INCI]
ACT03296
HY-N0287
LYCOPENE EXTRACT FROM TOMATO
ZINC8214943
Tox21_112395
LMPR01070257
s3943
LYCOPENE PREPARATION [USP-RS]
AKOS015961276
CS-6378
DB11231
FD10111
NCGC00166291-02
NCGC00166291-03
NCGC00166291-04
AC-13571
AC-33932
CAS-502-65-8
LS-15428
Lycopene, >=98% (HPLC), from tomato
LYCOPENE EXTRACT FROM TOMATO [FCC]
L0257
LYCOPENE FROM BLAKESLEA TRISPORA [FCC]
C05432
502L658
Q208130
Q-100561
Lycopene, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Lycopene, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Lycopene, Redivivo(TM), 10% FS, ~10% in corn oil, >=95.0% (sum of isomers)
(6E,8E,10E,12E,14E,16E,18E,20E,22E,24E,26E)-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-Octamethyl-2,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,30-dotriacontatridecaene
(ALL-E)-LYCOPENE (CONSTITUENT OF LYCOPENE AND TOMATO EXTRACT CONTAINING LYCOPENE) [DSC]
2,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,30-Dotriacontatridecaene, 2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyl-, (6E,8E,10E,12E,14E,16E,18E,20E,22E,24E,26E)-
2,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,30-Dotriacontatridecaene, 2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-Octamethyl-, (all-E)-
LYC, LYCOPENE, Lycopene 7, Lycopene all-trans-, Lycopene, all-trans-, Lycopene, all-trans- (8CI), Lycopene (VAN), Natural yellow 27, NCGC00166291-01, NCGC00166291-02, NSC407322, NSC 407322
(6E,8E,10E,12E,14E,16E,18E,20E,22E,24E,26E)-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-Octamethyl-2,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,30-dotriacontatridecaen
(6E,8E,10E,12E,14E,16E,18E,20E,22E,24E,26E)-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-Octamethyl-2,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,30-dotriacontatridecaene
(6E,8E,10E,12E,14E,16E,18E,20E,22E,24E,26E)-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-Octaméthyl-2,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,30-dotriacontatridécaène
(all-E)-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-Octamethyl-2,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,30-dotriacontatridecaene
(all-trans)-Lycopene
2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-Octamethyl-dotriaconta-2,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,30-tridecaene
207-949-1 [EINECS]
232-281-2 [EINECS]
502-65-8 [RN]
E160d
lycopen
Lycopene [Wiki]
Lycopene all-trans-
Lycopene, Redivivo(TM)
MFCD00017350 [MDL number]
SB0N2N0WV6
y,y-Carotene
y-Carotene
ψ,ψ-Carotene [ACD/Index Name] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
ψ,ψ-Carotene
ψ,ψ-Carotène [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
ψ,ψ-Carotin [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Lyco Vit
(6E,8E,10E,12E,14E,16E,18E,20E,22E,24E,26E)-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriaconta-2,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,30-tridecaene
(all-E)-lycopene
all-trans-lycopene
1730097 [Beilstein]
2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriaconta-2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,30-tetradecaene
2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriaconta-2,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,30-tridecaene
2,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,30-Dotriacontatridecaene, 2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyl-, (6E,8E,10E,12E,14E,16E,18E,20E,22E,24E,26E)-
2,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,30-Dotriacontatridecaene, 2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyl-, (all-E)-
all-trans-Lycopene
cis-ψ,ψ-Carotene
Lyc-O-Mato
Lycopene (VAN)
Lycopene 7
Lycopene, all-trans-
Lycopene, all-trans- (8CI)
Lycopene, tech.
Lycopene|ψ,ψ-carotene
lycopene-分析对照品 [Chinese]
Natural yellow 27
tomato lycopene
Tomat-O-Red [Trade name]
trans-lycopene
ψ,ψ-carotene
ψ;ψ;-carotene
番茄紅素 [Chinese]


 

  • Share !
E-NEWSLETTER