PRODUCTS

E1105 (Lysozyme)

CAS NUMBER: 9001-63-2

EC NUMBER: 232-620-4

MOLECULAR FORMULA: C125H196N40O36S2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 2899.3

E1105 (Lysozyme), also known as muramidase or N-acetylmuramide glycanhydrolase, is an antimicrobial enzyme produced by animals that forms part of the innate immune system.
E1105 (Lysozyme) is a glycoside hydrolase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan, which is the major component of gram-positive bacterial cell wall.

This hydrolysis in turn compromises the integrity of bacterial cell walls causing lysis of the bacteria.
E1105 (Lysozyme) is abundant in secretions including tears, saliva, human milk, and mucus.

E1105 (Lysozyme) is also present in cytoplasmic granules of the macrophages and the polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs).
Large amounts of E1105 (Lysozyme) can be found in egg white.

E1105 (Lysozyme) is closely related to alpha-lactalbumin in sequence and structure, making them part of the same glycoside hydrolase family 22.
In humans, the C-type E1105 (Lysozyme) enzyme is encoded by the LYZ gene.

Hen egg white E1105 (Lysozyme) is thermally stable, with a melting point reaching up to 72 °C at pH 5.0.
However, E1105 (Lysozyme) in human milk loses activity very quickly at that temperature.

Hen egg white E1105 (Lysozyme) maintains its activity in a large range of pH (6-9).
E1105 (Lysozyme)'s isoelectric point is 11.35.
The isoelectric point of human milk E1105 (Lysozyme) is 10.5-11.

Function and Mechanism:
The enzyme functions by hydrolyzing glycosidic bonds in peptidoglycans.
The enzyme can also break glycosidic bonds in chitin, although not as effectively as true chitinases

E1105 (Lysozyme)'s active site binds the peptidoglycan molecule in the prominent cleft between its two domains.
E1105 (Lysozyme) attacks peptidoglycans (found in the cell walls of bacteria, especially Gram-positive bacteria), its natural substrate, between N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) and the fourth carbon atom of N-acetylglucosamine (NAG).

Shorter saccharides like tetrasaccharide have also shown to be viable substrates but via an intermediate with a longer chain.
Chitin has also been shown to be a viable E1105 (Lysozyme) substrate.
Artificial substrates have also been developed and used in E1105 (Lysozyme).

Inhibition:
Imidazole derivatives can form a charge-transfer complex with some residues (in or outside active center) to achieve a competitive inhibition of E1105 (Lysozyme).
In Gram-negative bacteria, the lipopolysaccharide acts as a non-competitive inhibitior by highly favored binding with E1105 (Lysozyme).

Chemical Synthesis:
The first chemical synthesis of a E1105 (Lysozyme) protein was attempted by Prof. George W. Kenner and his group at the University of Liverpool in England.
This was finally achieved in 2007 by Thomas Durek in Steve Kent's lab at the University of Chicago who made a synthetic functional E1105 (Lysozyme) molecule.

Other Applications:
E1105 (Lysozyme) crystals have been used to grow other functional materials for catalysis and biomedical applications.
E1105 (Lysozyme) is a commonly used enzyme for lysing gram positive bacteria.

Due to the unique function of E1105 (Lysozyme) in which it can digest the cell wall and causes osmotic shock (burst the cell by suddenly changing solute concentration around the cell and thus the osmotic pressure), E1105 (Lysozyme) is commonly used in lab setting to release proteins from bacterium periplasm while the inner membrane remains sealed as vesicles called the spheroplast.
For example, E. coli can be lysed using E1105 (Lysozyme) to free the contents of the periplasmic space.

E1105 (Lysozyme) is especially useful in lab setting for trying to collect the contents of the periplasm.
E1105 (Lysozyme) treatment is optimal at particular temperatures, pH ranges, and salt concentrations.

E1105 (Lysozyme) activity increases with increasing temperatures, up to 60 degrees Celsius, with a pH range of 6.0-7.0.
The salts present also affect E1105 (Lysozyme) treatment, where some assert inhibitory effects, and others promote lysis via E1105 (Lysozyme) treatment.

Sodium chloride induces lysis, but at high concentrations, it is an active inhibitor of lysis.
Similar observations have been seen with the use of potassium salts.
Slight variations are present due to differences in bacterial strains.

E1105 (Lysozyme) is a hydrolytic enzyme that is present in body fluids such as serum, saliva, gastric juice, milk, and airway mucus secretions
E1105 (Lysozyme) occurs naturally in egg white, but the purified enzyme is used on occasion as an additive in other foods, especially soft cheeses.

E1105 (Lysozyme), enzyme found in the secretions (tears) of the lacrimal glands of animals and in nasal mucus, gastric secretions, and egg white.
E1105 (Lysozyme) is a special enzyme found in tears, saliva, sweat, and other body fluids.

Other mucosal linings, such as the nasal cavity, also contain E1105 (Lysozyme).
E1105 (Lysozyme) destroys bacteria that attempt to enter our body through these passageways.
In the case of tears, they protect our eyes from bacterial invaders.

E1105 (Lysozyme) was the famous scientist Alexander Fleming who discovered E1105 (Lysozyme) in the early twentieth century.
While growing a bacterial culture, a drop of mucus from his nose fell into the culture.

Eventually, he noticed that the bacteria in this culture had been killed.
He named the substance E1105 (Lysozyme) by combining two words: 'lyse' and 'enzyme'.

E1105 (Lysozyme) is capable of breaking the chemical bonds in the outer cell wall of the bacteria.
Bacterial cell walls contain a layer of peptidoglycan, which is the specific site that E1105 (Lysozyme) targets.

The peptidoglycan layer contains alternating molecules called N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid.
These molecules form a strong glycan chain that act as the backbone for the cell wall. The link between the N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid is cleaved by E1105 (Lysozyme).

E1105 (Lysozyme) is a basic bacteriolytic protein that hydrolyzes peptidoglycan and is present in egg white and in human tears and saliva
E1105 (Lysozyme) is an enzyme that is destructive of bacteria and functions as an antiseptic, found in tears, leukocytes, mucus, egg albumin, and certain plants.

E1105 (Lysozyme) is an enzyme found in egg whites and other animal products that demonstrates antibacterial behavior by causing cell lysis in a number of bacterial species
E1105 (Lysozyme) acts as a non-specific defense against bacteria and fungi.

E1105 (Lysozyme) is a component of the innate immune system, and is an important part of an infant's diet to ward off diarrhea.
E1105 (Lysozyme) is an enzyme known for its ability to degrade the polysaccharide architecture of many kinds of cell walls, normally for the purpose of protection against bacterial infection

E1105 (Lysozyme)s have primarily a bacteriolytic function; those in tissues and body fluids are associated with the monocyte-macrophage system and enhance the activity of immunoagents.
E1105 (Lysozyme) that is encoded in the genome of human.

E1105 (Lysozyme) is a basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids.
E1105 (Lysozyme) functions as an antibacterial agent.

The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.
E1105 (Lysozyme) is a linear polypeptide obtained from hens' egg whites consisting of 129 amino acids.

E1105 (Lysozyme) possesses enzymatic activity in its ability to hydrolyse the β(1-4) linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine in the outer membranes of bacterial species, in particular gram-positive organisms.
E1105 (Lysozyme) is usually obtained as the hydrochloride

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:

-Molecular Weight: 2899.3

-XLogP3-AA: -12.1

-Exact Mass: 2898.4210899

-Monoisotopic Mass: 2897.4177351

-Topological Polar Surface Area: 1280 Å²

-Physical Description: White, odourless powder having a slightly sweet taste

-Color: White

-Form: powder

-Odour: odourless

-pH: Between 3,0 and 3,6

E1105 (Lysozyme) Occurs in specific granules of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and takes part in antibacterial activity of leukocytes.
E1105 (Lysozyme)s participates in the defense mechanism.

E1105 (Lysozyme) has the ability to stimulate catalysis by bringing steric stress in the substrates.
E1105 (Lysozyme) from human neutrophils has been used in the checkerboard method for establishing a synergy between peptidomimetic 1 and immune effector molecules against E. coli.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Heavy Atom Count: 203

-Formal Charge: 0

-Complexity: 6500

-Isotope Atom Count: 0

-Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 22

-Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

-Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

-Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

-Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1

-Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

-Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 46

-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 44

-Rotatable Bond Count: 99

E1105 (Lysozyme) treatment is optimal at particular temperatures, pH ranges, and salt concentrations.
E1105 (Lysozyme) activity increases with increasing temperatures, up to 60 degrees Celsius, with a pH range of 6.0-7.0.

E1105 (Lysozyme) is a naturally occurring enzyme found in bodily secretions such as tears, saliva, and milk.
E1105 (Lysozyme) functions as an antimicrobial agent by cleaving the peptidoglycan component of bacterial cell walls, which leads to cell death.
E1105 (Lysozyme) is a hydrolytic enzyme that is present in body fluids such as serum, saliva, gastric juice, milk, and airway mucus secretions

E1105 (Lysozyme) occurs naturally in egg white, but the purified enzyme is used on occasion as an additive in other foods, especially soft cheeses.
E1105 (Lysozyme), enzyme found in the secretions (tears) of the lacrimal glands of animals and in nasal mucus, gastric secretions, and egg white.

E1105 (Lysozyme) is a special enzyme found in tears, saliva, sweat, and other body fluids.
E1105 (Lysozyme) is a basic bacteriolytic protein that hydrolyzes peptidoglycan and is present in egg white and in human tears and saliva

E1105 (Lysozyme) is an enzyme that is destructive of bacteria and functions as an antiseptic, found in tears, leukocytes, mucus, egg albumin, and certain plants.
E1105 (Lysozyme) is an enzyme found in egg whites and other animal products that demonstrates antibacterial behavior by causing cell lysis in a number of bacterial species
E1105 (Lysozyme) acts as a non-specific defense against bacteria and fungi.

E1105 (Lysozyme) is a basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids.
E1105 (Lysozyme) functions as an antibacterial agent.

SYNONYMS:

Glycanhydrolase, N-Acetylmuramide
Leftose
E1105 (Lysozyme)
Muramidase
N Acetylmuramide Glycanhydrolase
N-Acetylmuramide Glycanhydrolase
Muramidase
Globulin G1
LYSOZYM
globuling
E1105 (Lysozyme)g
Antalzyme
delvozyme
Aids072619
E1105 (Lysozyme) c
Lydium-KLP
globuling1
MURAMIDASE
EC 3.2.1.17
mucopeptide
Heneggwhite
EGGE1105 (Lysozyme)
Aids-072619
HUMANE1105 (Lysozyme)
IUB: 3.2.1.17
E1105 (Lysozyme), HUMAN
E1105 (Lysozyme) TYPE VI
Glycanlhydrolase
N-Acetylmuramide
(Amide-d)E1105 (Lysozyme)
lysosyme chloride
E1105 (Lysozyme) GRADE III
E1105 (Lysozyme), EGG WHITE
MURAMIDASE GRADE III
n,o-diacetylmuramidase
1,4-N-Acetylmuramidase
1,4-β-N-Acetylmuramidase
β-1,4-N-Acetylmuramidase
mucopeptideglucohydrolase
N-ACETYLMURAMYL HYDROLASE
MUCOPEPTIDE-GLYCOHYDROLASE
CHICKEN EGG WHITE E1105 (Lysozyme)
E1105 (Lysozyme), HUMAN NEUTROPHIL
E1105 (Lysozyme) GRADE VI: CHLORIDE
MUCOPEPTIDE GLYCOLHYDROLASE
E1105 (Lysozyme) (CHICKEN EGG WHITE)
E1105 (Lysozyme)fromhumanneutrophils
MURAMIDASE GRADE VI: CHLORIDE
REDUCED E1105 (Lysozyme), WATER SOLUBLE
L1,4-.beta.-N-Acetylmuramidase c
N-acetylmuramide glycanohydrolase
N-Acetylmuramylhydrolase.E.C.3.2.1.17
MUCOPEPTIDE N-ACETYLMURAMOYLHYDROLASE
PEPTIDOGLYCAN N-ACETYLMURAMOYLHYDROLASE
MUCOPEPTIDE N-ACETYLMURAMOYLHYDROLASE GRADE III