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E1204 Pullulan is used as a stomach filler for diet products.
E1204 Pullulan is used processed into airtight food packaging, transparent films, and capsules for pharmaceuticals.
E1204 Pullulan is partially utilized by the intestinal flora.
CAS Number: 9057-02-7
EC Number: 232-945-1
Molecular Formula: (C₆H₁₀O₅)n
Molecular Weight: Variable polymeric molecular weight
SYNONYMS:
Pullulan, Polytriose, Pullulan Polysaccharide, Aureobasidium Pullulan, Fermented Pullulan, Pullulan Gum, Pullulan Polymer, E1204, INS 1204, α-Glucan Pullulan, Maltotriose Polymer, E1204, Pullulan, PI-20
E1204 Pullulan is a natural water-soluble polysaccharide produced through the fermentation of starch by the fungus Aureobasidium E1204 Pullulans.
E1204 Pullulan is composed mainly of maltotriose units connected by α-1,6 glycosidic bonds, giving it unique physical and functional characteristics compared with many other polysaccharides.
In the food industry, E1204 Pullulan is used as a glazing agent, stabilizer, thickener, edible film material, and encapsulating agent.
E1204 Pullulan is highly valued because it forms clear, flexible, tasteless, and odorless films with excellent oxygen barrier performance.
Due to its natural origin and biodegradable nature, E1204 Pullulan has attracted increasing interest as an environmentally friendly material for food packaging and pharmaceutical delivery systems.
E1204 Pullulan is a food additive as a glazing agent.
E1204 Pullulan is a polysaccharide obtained from starch, tasteless, which has the property to form a protecting coat, a film.
E1204 Pullulan, designated as E1204, is a natural polysaccharide produced by glucose fermentation using the fungus Aureobasidium E1204 Pullulans.
E1204 Pullulan has exceptional film-forming, binding and thickening properties, making it widely used in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
Due to its non-toxicity, water solubility and excellent film-forming properties, E1204 Pullulan is valued as an ingredient that forms edible packaging, capsules and coatings, as well as an additive that improves the texture and consistency of food products.
E1204 Pullulan is distinguished by its ability to form thin, transparent and flexible films with high resistance to fats and oils.
E1204 Pullulan is also biodegradable and has a low glycemic index, making it an attractive choice for health and diet products.
E1204 Pullulan is a highly swellable mucilage.
Produced by the mold Aureobasidium E1204 Pullulans from starch hydrolysates ("glucose syrup").
The fungus is widespread, for example in soil, grain, wallpaper, or basement walls.
A significant material destroyer, it can trigger asthma in sensitive individuals when exposed to grain dust.
Approved for use in food supplements and "very small confectionery".
E1204 Pullulan is a naturally occurring polysaccharide obtained from starch through fermentation, known in the food industry by the code E1204 .
Its film-forming, binding, and moisture-retaining properties make E1204 Pullulan a functional raw material in food, pharmaceutical, and personal care formulations.
In the production of oral solid dosage forms, E1204 Pullulan is a key raw material for rapidly dissolving mouth strips and gelatin-free hard capsule shells.
E1204 Pullulan is mainly supplied on the market in the form of a white powder.
Grades conforming to FCC and E1204 Pullulan specifications are available for food applications , while Ph.Eur. and JP compliant grades are available for pharmaceutical applications .
E1204 Pullulan PF 10 and PF 20, with their different viscosity grades, are selected according to specific rheological requirements in capsule and film production.
E1204 Pullulan is a natural, water soluble polysaccharide with excellent film-forming and binding properties and is produced from starch syrup by fermentation.
E1204 Pullulan has also been explored as a natural polymeric biomaterial used to fabricate injectable scaffolding for bone tissue engineering, cartilage tissue engineering, and intervertebral disc regeneration
E1204 Pullulan is a natural polysaccharide produced by the fungus Aureobasidium E1204 Pullulans.
E1204 Pullulan is obtained industrially through aerobic fermentation of substrates such as hydrolyzed starch or sucrose, followed by purification, alcohol precipitation and drying.
Chemically, E1204 Pullulan is a linear homopolymer of maltotriose linked by α-1,6 bonds, which gives it unique properties: it is water-soluble, forms viscous solutions and transparent films that are oil-resistant and have low oxygen permeability.
E1204 Pullulan's main functions are as a thickener, stabilizer and edible film former.
E1204 Pullulan was approved as a food additive in the EU in 2006 (Regulation EC 1333/2008) after evaluations by EFSA.
EFSA and JECFA (WHO) consider E1204 Pullulan safe, establishing an acceptable daily intake (ADI) 'not specified', indicating no risk at normal usage levels.
E1204 Pullulan is a natural polysaccharide, a type of carbohydrate produced by the fermentation of starch with the fungus Aureobasidium E1204 Pullulans.
E1204 Pullulan is a white, odorless powder that dissolves well in water.
E1204 Pullulan acts as a type of soluble fiber and is primarily used in the food industry as a coating and glazing agent.
You will find E1204 Pullulan as the casing of small mints, as a coating on confectionery, and as a material for edible capsules of dietary supplements.
Because E1204 Pullulan is produced naturally through fermentation, it fits well into the picture of additives of natural origin.
E1204 Pullulan is used in relatively small quantities, meaning you are unlikely to ingest large amounts through your daily diet.
E1204 Pullulan's main characteristic is the ability to form transparent, flexible, and edible coatings, making it useful in the production of capsules, tablet coatings, and thin food films such as breath fresheners.
E1204 Pullulan is a complex sugar produced from starch by the fungus Aureobasidium E1204 Pullulans.
E1204 Pullulan is used as a thickener but also allows the formation of a protective film on the surface of food.
E1204 Pullulan is found primarily in small breath-freshening films (to be left to melt on the tongue), the capsules of dietary supplements, and some confectionery.
Following a reassessment in March 2025, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) concluded that there is no health risk associated with the current use of E1204 Pullulan.
No acceptable daily intake (ADI) is deemed necessary.
Experts note that minor gastrointestinal symptoms may occur at very high levels of consumption (more than 10 grams per day), a threshold that only heavy consumers of dietary supplements would likely reach.
Currently, E1204 Pullulan is approved in the European Union as a food additive and can be used in two product categories: Confectionery products, including breath-freshening micro-sweets,
Solid dietary supplements, except those intended for infants and young children.
USES and APPLICATIONS of E1204 PULLULAN:
E1204 Pullulan is used as a stomach filler for diet products.
E1204 Pullulan also regulates gas retention in soft drinks and forms gas-tight coatings for nuts and dried fruit.
E1204 Pullulan is used processed into airtight food packaging, transparent films, and capsules for pharmaceuticals.
E1204 Pullulan is tasteless and described by its inventors as "edible."
E1204 Pullulan is partially utilized by the intestinal flora.
E1204 Pullulan is used, for example, in tablets against bad breath.
Food Industry: E1204 Pullulan is used in candy, chocolate, sauces, fruit juice, etc.
E1204 Pullulan is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, biotechnology, and packaging industries because of its excellent film-forming ability, transparency, oxygen barrier properties, and biodegradability.
E1204 Pullulan is widely used in the food industry as a film-forming agent, glazing agent, stabilizer, and edible coating material.
E1204 Pullulan is commonly applied to candies, dietary supplements, fresh produce, and food packaging systems to improve appearance and extend shelf life.
Because E1204 Pullulan forms excellent oxygen barriers, it helps protect foods from oxidation and quality deterioration.
E1204 Pullulan is especially important in edible film technology.
E1204 Pullulan films are transparent, flexible, tasteless, and biodegradable, making them useful for food wraps, breath strips, and dissolvable edible packaging materials.
E1204 Pullulan is also used for encapsulating flavors, vitamins, probiotics, and sensitive food ingredients because it provides good protection against oxygen exposure.
In the pharmaceutical industry, E1204 Pullulan is widely used in capsule manufacturing, controlled-release systems, oral dissolving films, tablet coatings, and drug delivery technologies.
E1204 Pullulan capsules are especially popular in vegetarian and vegan supplement products because they serve as alternatives to gelatin capsules.
E1204 Pullulan’s biocompatibility and low toxicity make it highly suitable for pharmaceutical applications.
In cosmetics, E1204 Pullulan functions as a film former, binder, stabilizer, and texture-enhancing ingredient in products such as facial masks, creams, lotions, serums, and hair care products.
E1204 Pullulan can create a smooth tightening effect on the skin and improve product consistency and stability.
E1204 Pullulan also has applications in biotechnology and industrial packaging.
E1204 Pullulan is used in biodegradable materials, biofilms, specialty coatings, and environmentally friendly packaging technologies because of its renewable microbial origin and biodegradability.
E1204 Pullulan is used for edible packaging, which serves as an innovative and eco-friendly solution to reduce plastic consumption.
In the food industry, E1204 Pullulan is used as a thickener and stabilizer in products such as ice cream, desserts, sauces and beverages.
E1204 Pullulan is also a key ingredient in the production of dietary supplement capsules, where it acts as a carrier for active ingredients.
E1204 Pullulan is used in the quantities on the recipes in coating of food supplement capsules or tablets.
In food coatings, E1204 Pullulan extends the shelf life of nuts, confectionery, and tablet products by creating a moisture barrier.
E1204 Pullulan is preferred in cosmetic formulations for ensuring film integrity in facial mask films and serum applications.
E1204 Pullulan is used as a binder in food supplements and nutraceutical products; thus providing structural stability in compressed tablets and compressed products.
In oral care products, E1204 Pullulan stabilizes the application consistency of the formulation by maintaining moisture balance.
E1204 Pullulan can be used widely in both the pharmaceutical and food industries, such as encapsulating agents, adhesives, thickening, and extending agent.
E1204 Pullulan is only permitted for use in dietary supplement tablets, capsules, and breath freshening candies (quantum satis).
-Pharmaceutical Industry uses of E1204 Pullulan:
E1204 Pullulan is used as pharmaceutical coatings for tablets, pills, and granules and also used as capsule.
E1204 Pullulan is a polysaccharide consisting of maltotriose units, also known as α-1,4- ;α-1,6-glucan'.
Three glucose units in maltotriose are connected by an α-1,4 glycosidic bond, whereas consecutive maltotriose units are connected to each other by an α-1,6 glycosidic bond.
E1204 Pullulan is produced from starch by the fungus Aureobasidium E1204 Pullulans.
E1204 Pullulan is mainly used by the cell to resist desiccation and predation.
The presence of this polysaccharide also facilitates diffusion of molecules both into and out of the cell.
As an edible, mostly tasteless polymer, the chief commercial use of E1204 Pullulan is in the manufacture of edible films that are used in various breath freshener or oral hygiene products.
E1204 Pullulan and HPMC can also be used as a vegetarian substitute for drug capsules, rather than gelatine.
-Use of E1204 Pullulan:
E1204 Pullulan is used to coat food supplements in the form of capsules, tablets or dragees (qs).
qs = quantum satis means that there is no maximum amount given.
However, only as much as is strictly necessary to achieve the desired effect can be used.
BENEFITS OF E1204 PULLULAN:
E1204 Pullulan offers numerous advantages across food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and industrial applications.
One of its most significant benefits is E1204 Pullulan's exceptional oxygen barrier performance, which helps protect sensitive products from oxidation and quality loss.
This characteristic is especially valuable in food preservation and pharmaceutical protection systems.
Another major benefit of E1204 Pullulan is its ability to form clear, flexible, edible films with excellent transparency and smooth texture.
These films are odorless, tasteless, and biodegradable, making them attractive alternatives to synthetic packaging materials.
E1204 Pullulan is also valued for its natural origin and environmentally friendly production process.
Since E1204 Pullulan is produced by microbial fermentation, it is considered a renewable and sustainable biopolymer.
E1204 Pullulan's biodegradability further supports environmentally conscious packaging and industrial applications.
E1204 Pullulan has low toxicity, good biocompatibility, and broad regulatory acceptance for food and pharmaceutical use.
E1204 Pullulan dissolves easily in water, provides stable film formation, and demonstrates reliable binding and encapsulation performance.
In pharmaceutical products, E1204 Pullulan capsules are appreciated for their vegetarian suitability, oxygen resistance, and stability.
In cosmetic formulations, E1204 Pullulan contributes smooth texture, film formation, and skin-tightening effects.
Because of its multifunctional properties, E1204 Pullulan remains one of the most versatile natural polysaccharides used in advanced food technology, biotechnology, pharmaceutical delivery systems, and sustainable packaging research.
CHARACTERISTICS of E1204 PULLULAN:
E1204 Pullulan is a water-soluble polysaccharide.
When dried, E1204 Pullulan is a white powder that can be pressed into thin, transparent films when water is added.
E1204 Pullulan promotes film formation in food coatings and can replace gelatin or other film-forming polymers in some products.
FUNCTION of E1204 PULLULAN:
Film coating agent for capsules and tablets.
PRODUCTION of E1204 PULLULAN:
E1204 Pullulan is obtained by controlled fermentation using the yeast Aureobasidium E1204 Pullulans with the addition of NaCl.
The yeast is then removed after the process is complete.
Colorless, odorless organic polymer that E1204 Pullulan can be used to coat various tablets.
E1204 Pullulan is produced by fermentation of hydrolyzed starch (Aureobasidium E1204 Pullulans).
After fermentation is complete, the fungal cells are removed by microfiltration.
Polymeric polysaccharide produced by fermentation of hydrolyzed starch using the fungus Aureobasidium E1204 Pullulans.
E1204 PULLULAN AND ITS FUNCTIONS IN FOOD:
As a food additive, E1204 Pullulan serves many important functions: from improving the texture and consistency of products, to creating edible packaging, to its use in capsule production.
With its unique properties, E1204 Pullulan contributes to innovation and sustainability in the food industry, offering products that are safe for the consumer and the environment.
ADDITIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION of E1204 PULLULAN:
E1204 Pullulan is industrially produced through aerobic fermentation using the microorganism Aureobasidium E1204 Pullulans.
During fermentation, starch-derived sugars are converted into extracellular polysaccharides, which are then purified, dried, and processed into commercial E1204 Pullulan powder.
E1204 Pullulan structure mainly consists of repeating maltotriose units linked through α-1,6 glycosidic bonds.
This unique arrangement contributes to its flexibility, solubility, and oxygen barrier performance.
Commercial E1204 Pullulan products may vary according to:
*Molecular weight
*Viscosity grade
*Purity
*Film-forming properties
*Intended application
E1204 Pullulan is frequently combined with starches, proteins, gums, and other biopolymers to improve mechanical strength, moisture resistance, and processing performance in advanced material applications.
CHARACTERISTICS OF E1204 PULLULAN:
E1204 Pullulan is characterized by its exceptional ability to form thin, transparent, flexible, and edible films.
Unlike many other polysaccharides, E1204 Pullulan produces films with very low oxygen permeability, making it highly useful in food preservation and pharmaceutical protection systems.
E1204 Pullulan dissolves easily in water and forms stable, clear solutions with good viscosity properties.
E1204 Pullulan films are tasteless, odorless, and smooth, which makes them suitable for edible coatings and oral delivery systems.
One of the most important characteristics of E1204 Pullulan is its biodegradability and natural microbial origin.
Because E1204 Pullulan is produced through fermentation rather than chemical synthesis, it is often considered an environmentally friendly and sustainable material.
E1204 Pullulan also demonstrates excellent adhesive and binding properties while remaining non-toxic and biocompatible.
These properties support E1204 Pullulan's use in pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements, biotechnology, and cosmetic formulations.
PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of E1204 PULLULAN:
Product Name: E1204 Pullulan
Common Name: Pullulan
E Number: E1204
EC Number: 232-945-1
CAS Number: 9057-02-7
Molecular Formula: (C₆H₁₀O₅)n
Molecular Weight: Variable polymeric molecular weight
Chemical Type: Natural polysaccharide
Appearance: White to off-white powder
Odor: Odorless
Taste: Tasteless
Physical State: Solid powder
Physical State: Solid
Appearance: White to off-white powder
Odor: Odorless
Taste: Tasteless
Molecular Formula: (C₆H₁₀O₅)n
Molecular Weight: Variable depending on polymerization
Solubility in Water: Freely soluble
Solubility in Ethanol: Insoluble or slightly soluble
pH Stability: Stable over broad pH range
Density: Approximately 1.42 g/cm³
Viscosity: Moderate to high in solution
Film Formation: Excellent transparent film-forming ability
Oxygen Barrier Properties: Excellent
Moisture Barrier: Moderate
Thermal Stability: Moderate
Hygroscopicity: Slightly hygroscopic
Biodegradability: Biodegradable
Surface Activity: Low
Gel Formation: Limited gel-forming capability
Emulsification Ability: Moderate
Chemical Nature: Neutral polysaccharide
Ionic Character: Non-ionic
Color in Solution: Clear and transparent
Fermentability: Biologically degradable
Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions
Toxicity: Very low toxicity
Combustibility: Combustible at high temperatures
Ash Content: Very low
Water Activity Control: Good moisture management properties
Chemical formula: (C6H10O5)n
Appearance: White powder
Solubility in water: Soluble
FIRST AID MEASURES of E1204 PULLULAN:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of E1204 PULLULAN:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.
FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of E1204 PULLULAN:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.
EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of E1204 PULLULAN:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.
HANDLING and STORAGE of E1204 PULLULAN:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
STABILITY and REACTIVITY of E1204 PULLULAN:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
