E161b LUTEIN

E161b Lutein is mainly used in feed additive for laying hens and table poultry to improve the color of egg yolk and chicken. 
E161b Lutein is used as a food additive for its yellow to orange color and antioxidant properties.
E161b Lutein is often used in the food industry to color products.

CAS Number: 127-40-2
EC Number: 204-840-0
Molecular Formula: C₄₀H₅₆O₂
Molecular Weight: 568.87 g/mol

SYNONYMS:
Lutein, Xanthophyll lutein, E161b, (3R,3'R,6'R)-β,ε-carotene-3,3'-diol, Plant lutein, Marigold extract lutein, IUPAC name: (3R,6R,3′R)-β,ε-Carotene-3,3′-diol, Systematic IUPAC name: (1R,4R)-4-{(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(4R)-4-Hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl}-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ol, Luteine, trans-Lutein, Xanthophyll

E161b Lutein is a naturally occurring antioxidant and, along with zeaxanthin, is one of the two main carotenoids found in the retina of the eye.
E161b Lutein is a naturally occurring antioxidant that protects and improves eye function and health.
Foods rich in E161b Lutein include spinach, kale, egg yolks, kiwi, grapes, corn, and pumpkin.

E161b Lutein helps prevent diseases such as cataracts or age-related macular degeneration.
E161b Lutein is a naturally occurring carotenoid belonging to the xanthophyll group, widely found in green leafy vegetables, marigold flowers (Tagetes erecta), and various fruits.

E161b Lutein is often found together with its isomer zeaxanthin, and both play complementary roles in eye health.
Unlike provitamin A carotenoids, E161b Lutein does not convert into vitamin A in the body.
Commercial E161b Lutein is primarily extracted from marigold flowers and may be formulated as esters (E161b Lutein esters) for improved stability, which are then hydrolyzed in the body to free E161b Lutein.

Because of its conjugated double bond system, E161b Lutein is highly effective in quenching singlet oxygen and neutralizing free radicals.
E161b Lutein is a natural yellow-orange carotenoid pigment derived from plants like marigolds, used as a food colorant and nutritional supplement.

E161b Lutein (/ˈljuːtiɪn, -tiːn/; from Latin luteus meaning "yellow") is a xanthophyll and one of 600 known naturally occurring carotenoids.
E161b Lutein is synthesized only by plants, and like other xanthophylls is found in high quantities in green leafy vegetables such as spinach, kale and yellow carrots.

In green plants, xanthophylls act to modulate light energy and serve as non-photochemical quenching agents to deal with triplet chlorophyll, an excited form of chlorophyll which is overproduced at high light levels during photosynthesis.
Animals obtain E161b Lutein by ingesting plants.

In the human retina, E161b Lutein is absorbed from blood specifically into the macula lutea, although its precise role in the body is unknown.
E161b Lutein is also found in egg yolks and animal fats.

E161b Lutein is isomeric with zeaxanthin, differing only in the placement of one double bond.
E161b Lutein and zeaxanthin can be interconverted in the body through an intermediate called meso-zeaxanthin.
The principal natural stereoisomer of E161b Lutein is (3R,3′R,6′R)-beta,epsilon-carotene-3,3′-diol.

E161b Lutein is a lipophilic molecule and is generally insoluble in water.
The presence of the long chromophore of conjugated double bonds (polyene chain) provides the distinctive light-absorbing properties.

The polyene chain is susceptible to oxidative degradation by light or heat and is chemically unstable in acids.
E161b Lutein is present in plants as fatty-acid esters, with one or two fatty acids bound to the two hydroxyl groups.
For this reason, saponification (de-esterification) of E161b Lutein esters to yield free E161b Lutein may yield E161b Lutein in any ratio from 1:1 to 1:2 molar ratio with the saponifying fatty acid.

E161b Lutein is a natural food colorant belonging to the carotenoid category.
E161b Lutein is a type of carotenoid that is predominantly found in green leafy vegetables, egg yolks, and certain fruits.
Recognized for its pigment ranging from yellow to orange, E161b Lutein is not only an important natural colorant in the food industry but also plays a crucial role in eye health.

E161b Lutein is a xanthophyll and one of 600 known naturally occurring carotenoids.
E161b Lutein is extracted from the petals of African marigold -Tagetes erecta-.
E161b Lutein is approved for use in the EU and Australia and New Zealand.

E161b Lutein is a yellow pigment that forms one of the two main components of the carotenoid group found in plants, animal fats, egg yolks, and the corpus luteum, a temporary endocrine structure in female mammals.
E161b Lutein is a naturally occurring antioxidant found in the human eye and is often referred to as the "eye vitamin".

As a natural pigment belonging to the carotenoid group, E161b Lutein is found in high amounts in green leafy and orange-yellow vegetables and plays a particularly important role in protecting eye health.
E161b Lutein is commonly found in green leafy foods such as broccoli, cabbage, lettuce, spinach, and peas, as well as in eggs.

E161b Lutein acts as a light filter, protecting the eyes from the harmful effects of sunlight.
E161b Lutein is a natural colorant from the group of xanthophylls (oxygenated carotenoids), which is used in the food industry to give products a yellow or orange оттенок.

E161b Lutein is a biologically active substance of natural origin.
E161b Luteincan be found in egg yolks, green leafy vegetables (spinach, cabbage), corn, and many flowers, particularly marigolds.
E161b Lutein is from plant raw materials that additive E161b is obtained for industrial use.

The history of E161b Lutein as a colorant began with the study of natural plant pigments.
Initially, E161b Lutein was studied as a component responsible for the coloring of leaves and petals.
Later, E161b Lutein was discovered that this substance not only provides color but also accumulates in the human retina.

In the 20th century, technologies made it possible to isolate E161b Lutein in a concentrated form, and it received the status of food additive E161b.
The chemical formula of E161b Lutein is C40H56O2.

E161b Lutein is a fat-soluble substance with a bright yellow color.
E161b Lutein is practically insoluble in water but dissolves well in fats and oils.
E161b Lutein is sensitive to light and oxygen, so it requires protection during storage.

For the food industry, E161b Lutein is usually obtained by extraction from marigold petals.
The plant material, E161b Lutein, is dried, treated with approved solvents, purified, and standardized by active substance content.

In some cases, synthetic or semi-synthetic production methods are also used, but the main source remains plant raw materials.
E161b Lutein is a natural pigment belonging to the carotenoid family, which are organic compounds found in many fruits, vegetables, and other plants.

USES and APPLICATIONS of E161b LUTEIN:
Pharmaceutical and health products: E161b Lutein is mainly used in vision care products to alleviate visual fatigue, reduce incidence of AMD, retinitis pigmentosa (RP), cataract, retinopathy, myopia, floaters, and glaucoma.
Cosmetic: E161b Lutein is mainly used to whitening, anti-wrinkle and UV protection.

Food and beverage: In food and field, E161b Lutein is mainly used as food or beverage additives for colorant and nutrient.
Feed additive: E161b Lutein is mainly used in feed additive for laying hens and table poultry to improve the color of egg yolk and chicken. 

Make high commercial value fishes more attractive, such as salmon, trout and spectacular fish.
E161b Lutein is used as a food additive for its yellow to orange color and antioxidant properties.
E161b Lutein is often used in the food industry to color products.

E161b Lutein is a carotenoid found in several flowers and leafy vegetables.
E161b Lutein can be obtained as a by-product of chlorophyll extraction, or from marigold.
Marigold is a flower that grows in Mediterranean regions.

Its petals have culinary and medicinal applications in many cultures.
Marigold extracts are also used to impart natural yellow color in food applications.
Marigold flowers are manufactured from the dried flower petals.

These are extracted according to high standard specifications.
The marigold extract is heated to increase flowability and then purified to remove the fatty acids commonly found in marigold extract and produces crystalline E161b Lutein and zeaxanthin.

E161b Lutein is a well known carotenoid found in the human diet, blood, and tissues.
Evidence suggests that E161b Lutein consumption is inversely related to eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cataracts.

This is supported by the finding that E161b Lutein is specifically deposited in ocular tissues, such as the lens and the macula lutea, an area of the retina responsible for central and high acuity vision.
E161b Lutein is believed to function in two ways: First in a photo-protective way as a filter of damaging blue light from sunlight.

Second as an antioxidant that quenches free radicals and reactive oxygen species.
Use E161b Lutein in beverages, dairy products, confectionery and baked goods and in food supplements, which are advertised for eye health.

E161b Lutein has diverse applications in food, pharmaceuticals, and nutrition.
In the food industry, E161b Lutein is used as a natural colorant (E161b) in products such as beverages, dairy products, confectionery, bakery items, and dietary supplements.

E161b Lutein provides yellow to orange hues and is often preferred over synthetic colorants.
In nutraceuticals and dietary supplements, E161b Lutein is widely used for its role in eye health.
E161b Lutein is a key component of formulations aimed at preventing age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and supporting visual performance.

In animal feed, E161b Lutein is added to poultry feed to enhance the yellow coloration of egg yolks and skin.
In cosmetic applications, E161b Lutein is used for its antioxidant and protective properties against oxidative stress.
E161b Lutein is a fat-soluble pigment responsible for yellow to orange coloration and is commonly used as a food colorant (E161b) as well as a nutritional supplement due to its role in human health, particularly eye health.

E161b Lutein is widely used in beverages, dairy, and confectioneries due to its stability against light, heat, and pH.
E161b Lutein, as explained by Ataman Chemical and Ceneviz Gıda, is highly prized for its ability to filter blue light, promoting eye health (macular health) and protecting the skin, notes InfoCons.

E161b Lutein is rarely used.
E161b Lutein is used only in soups and alcoholic beverages.
E161b Lutein is a food additive in the category of natural colorants, obtained from grass species, nettles and marigold flowers.

E161b Lutein is easily soluble in water, it gives a yellow color and it can be used in all food types, according to the recipes.
Food industry uses of E161b Lutein: confectionery, dairy products, beverages, bakery items.
E161b Lutein is rarely used in soups and alcoholic drinks.

In the United States, E161b Lutein may not be used as a food coloring for foods intended for human consumption, but can be added to animal feed.
E161b Lutein gives foods a bright, natural yellow color.
E161b Lutein is used in healthy drinks, bars, or baked goods.

-Vitamins Good for the Eyes
E161b Lutein is a carotenoid pigment and an antioxidant that occurs naturally in some plants.
Numerous studies show that a diet rich in antioxidants with anti-inflammatory roles can contribute to reducing chronic diseases.

Carotenoids are particularly common in fruits and vegetables.
In recent years, high dietary intake of carotenoids has been associated with beneficial effects in protecting the retina from light damage in various systemic diseases and eye disorders.

Most studies have focused on E161b Lutein (L), a carotenoid with a strong antioxidant effect, and it has been associated with a reduced risk of age-related diseases.
The human body cannot produce E161b Lutein, so it must be obtained from external sources.
E161b Lutein is commonly found in yellow and orange vegetables, as well as leafy green vegetables.

-Eye Health
E161b Lutein is an antioxidant that supports eye health.
E161b Lutein is found in eye tissues, especially in the retina and macula region.
E161b Lutein plays a protective role against strong light and harmful blue light rays in the eye.

This is because, thanks to E161b Lutein and zeaxanthin, your eyes can be protected against harmful high-energy light waves such as UV rays from the sun.
Studies show that both are positively associated with improved vision, especially in low light conditions or when glare is at risky levels.

-Macular Degeneration
E161b Lutein and zeaxanthin may reduce the risk of eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration.
The Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) is a frequently cited study on E161b Lutein and eye health.
Researchers examined specific formulations of E161b Lutein-containing supplements and their effects on age-related macular degeneration.

A supplement containing E161b Lutein and zeaxanthin has been shown to reduce the occurrence of advanced macular degeneration by 25% within 5 years in people who already have macular degeneration.
Thanks to their antioxidant properties, these pigments protect macular health by fighting oxidative stress caused by free radicals in the body.

-Clinical Overview
There is a lack of consensus and limited evidence from clinical and epidemiological studies as to whether an association exists between a higher intake of xanthophylls (E161b Lutein with or without zeaxanthin) and protection against age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cataracts.
The use of E161b Lutein in the management of cardiovascular conditions and cancer has been proposed.

-Cataract
Cataract is the condition in which the lens inside the eye loses its transparency.
Many basic and clinical studies have reported the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of E161b Lutein in the eye, revealing its beneficial effects in protecting against and alleviating diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, myopia and cataract.

The lens, located at the front of the eye, is constantly exposed to oxidative stress from UV light and other sources.
A number of defense systems, including antioxidant enzymes and antioxidants, are used within the lens to protect against damage mediated by oxidative stress.
Glutathione is the main antioxidant in the lens.

Reduced glutathione (GSH) is found in very high concentrations in young lenses, but glutathione levels decrease significantly with age, especially in the central region of the lens.
Another antioxidant found in the lens is E161b Lutein.

The potential role of E161b Lutein, a blue light filter, powerful antioxidant and dietary supplement, in cataract treatment has attracted the attention of many researchers.
E161b Lutein supplementation has been able to reduce surgical risks among people with the lowest one-fifth of dietary E161b Lutein intake.

CATARACT RESEARCH of E161b LUTEIN:
There is preliminary epidemiological evidence that increasing E161b Lutein and zeaxanthin intake lowers the risk of cataract development.
Consumption of more than 2.4 mg of E161b Lutein/zeaxanthin daily from foods and supplements was significantly correlated with reduced incidence of nuclear lens opacities, as revealed from data collected during a 13- to 15-year period in one study.

Two meta-analyses confirm a correlation between high diet content or high serum concentrations of E161b Lutein and zeaxanthin and a decrease in the risk of cataract.
There is only one published clinical intervention trial testing for an effect of E161b Lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation on cataracts.

The AREDS2 trial enrolled subjects at risk for progression to advanced age-related macular degeneration.
Overall, the group getting E161b Lutein (10 mg) and zeaxanthin (2 mg) were NOT less likely to progress to needing cataract surgery.
The authors speculated that there may be a cataract prevention benefit for people with low dietary intake of E161b Lutein and zeaxanthin, but recommended more research

IN FOODS, E161b LUTEIN:
E161b Lutein is a natural part of a human diet found in orange-yellow fruits and flowers, and in leafy vegetables.
According to the NHANES 2013-2014 survey, adults in the United States consume on average 1.7 mg/day of E161b Lutein and zeaxanthin combined.

No recommended dietary allowance currently exists for E161b Lutein.
Some positive health effects have been seen at dietary intake levels of 6–10 mg/day.

The only definitive side effect of excess E161b Lutein consumption is bronzing of the skin (carotenodermia).
As a food additive, E161b Lutein has the E number E161b (INS number 161b) and is extracted from the petals of Mexican marigold (Tagetes erecta).

E161b Lutein is approved for use in the EU and Australia-New Zealand.
In the United States, E161b Lutein may not be used as a food coloring for foods intended for human consumption, but can be added to animal feed and is allowed as a human dietary supplement often in combination with zeaxanthin.

Some foods contain relatively high amounts of E161b Lutein and zeaxanthin.
In a ranking provided by the USDA FoodData Central database, the highest food levels of E161b Lutein and zeaxanthin (expressed together as micrograms per 100 grams of powder or fresh-frozen or raw weight) are found in paprika (18,900 micrograms per 100 g), frozen spinach, sweet potato leaves, dandelion greens, red cayenne pepper, and turnip greens (12,800 micrograms per 100 g).

AS A PIGMENT of E161b LUTEIN:
This xanthophyll, like E161b Lutein 's sister compound zeaxanthin, has primarily been used in food and supplement manufacturing as a colorant due to its yellow-red color.
E161b Lutein absorbs blue light and therefore appears yellow at low concentrations and orange-red at high concentrations.
Many songbirds (like golden oriole, evening grosbeak, yellow warbler, common yellowthroat and Javan green magpies, but not American goldfinch or yellow canaries) deposit E161b Lutein obtained from the diet into growing tissues to color their feathers.

ROLE IN HUMAN EYES of E161b LUTEIN:
Although E161b Lutein is concentrated in the macula – a small area of the retina responsible for three-color vision – the precise functional role of retinal E161b Lutein has not been determined.

MACULAR DEGENERATION of E161b LUTEIN:
In 2013, findings of the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS2) showed that a dietary supplement formulation containing E161b Lutein reduced progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by 25 percent.
However, E161b Lutein and zeaxanthin had no overall effect on preventing AMD, but rather the participants with low dietary intake of 
E161b Lutein and zeaxanthin at the start of the study, but who took an AREDS formulation with E161b Lutein and zeaxanthin during the study, were about 25 percent less likely to develop advanced AMD compared with participants with similar dietary intake who did not take E161b Lutein and zeaxanthin.

In AREDS2, participants took one of four AREDS formulations: the original AREDS formulation, AREDS formulation with no beta-carotene, AREDS with low zinc, AREDS with no beta-carotene and low zinc.
In addition, they took one of four additional supplement or combinations including E161b Lutein and zeaxanthin (10 mg and 2 mg), omega-3 fatty acids (1,000 mg), E161b Lutein/zeaxanthin and omega-3 fatty acids, or placebo.

The study reported that there was no overall additional benefit from adding omega-3 fatty acids or E161b Lutein and zeaxanthin to the formulation.
However, the study did find benefits in two subgroups of participants: those not given beta-carotene, and those who had little E161b 
Lutein and zeaxanthin in their diets.
Removing beta-carotene did not curb the formulation's protective effect against developing advanced AMD, which was important given that high doses of beta-carotene had been linked to higher risk of lung cancers in smokers.

It was recommended to replace beta-carotene with E161b Lutein and zeaxanthin in future formulations for these reasons.
Three subsequent meta-analyses of dietary E161b Lutein and zeaxanthin concluded that these carotenoids lower the risk of progression from early stage AMD to late stage AMD.

An updated 2023 Cochrane review of 26 studies from several countries, however, concluded that dietary supplements containing zeaxanthin and E161b Lutein alone have little effect when compared to placebo on the progression of AMD.
In general, there remains insufficient evidence to assess the effectiveness of dietary or supplemental zeaxanthin or E161b Lutein in treatment or prevention of early AMD.

COMMERCIAL VALUE of E161b LUTEIN:
The E161b Lutein market is segmented into pharmaceutical, dietary supplement, food, pet food, and animal and fish feed.
This includes chickens (usually in combination with other carotenoids), to get color in egg yolks, and fish farms to color the flesh closer to wild-caught color.

In the dietary supplement industry, the major market for E161b Lutein is for products with claims of helping maintain eye health.
E161b Lutein is a natural coloring agent belonging to the carotenoid group.

The word E161b Lutein comes from the Latin root lutea (yellow).
E161b Lutein is naturally obtained from the plant Tagetas erecta.
E161b Lutein is not synthesized in the body.

As a color pigment, E161b Lutein gives foods a bright yellow color.
Because it absorbs blue light, it appears yellow to the eye at low doses and red-orange at high doses.
E161b Lutein is a stable, naturally occurring pigment that can give colors in the yellow-orange range.

Found in many fruits and vegetables, E161b Lutein is subject to restrictions on its use in some food products according to the Turkish Food Codex.
E161b Lutein is a stable pigment that maintains color stability under variable parameters such as heat, light, and pH.

Areas of use for E161b Lutein in the food industry: Confectionery products, milk and dairy products, beverage products, bakery products, etc.
E161b Lutein is a carotenoid found in various flowers and leafy vegetables.
Globally, E161b Lutein is most commonly obtained from marigolds.

Marigolds are flowers that grow in Mediterranean regions.
Their leaves have culinary and medicinal uses in many cultures.
Marigold extracts are also used in food applications to impart a natural yellow color.

E161b Lutein is a naturally occurring, stable pigment that can give a color ranging from yellow to orange.
E161b Lutein is a stable pigment that maintains color stability under varying parameters such as heat, light, and pH.
Areas of E161b Lutein use in the food industry include: confectionery, dairy products, beverages, bakery products, etc.

WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF E161b LUTEIN?
E161b Lutein has benefits for eye health, as well as heart and brain health.
Located in the retina and lens of the eye, E161b Lutein is known to protect the eye from free radicals.
E161b Lutein also acts as a filter for harmful blue light, providing protection from the sun's harmful rays.

THE BENEFITS OF E161b LUTEIN FOR THE BODY CAN BE SUMMARIZED AS FOLLOWS:
*E161b Lutein is good for eye health.
*E161b Lutein is rich in antioxidants.
*E161b Lutein has positive effects on cardiovascular health.
*E161b Lutein reduces the risk of cataracts.
*E161b Lutein is good for eye health.

***E161b Lutein contributes to eye health thanks to its antioxidant properties.
E161b Lutein is also a carotenoid associated with eye conditions such as infection, oxidative stress, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and macular degeneration.
Furthermore, E161b Lutein provides protection against blue light and the harmful effects of the sun.
In addition, E161b Lutein is effective against the risk of age-related vision problems.

***E161b Lutein is rich in antioxidants.
E161b Lutein plays a role in reducing oxidative stress by fighting free radicals in the body.
This helps slow down potential cellular damage.
E161b Lutein delays aging and improves skin health.

***E161b Lutein has positive effects on cardiovascular health.
E161b Lutein may have positive effects against heart disease.
Thanks to its antioxidant content, E161b Lutein regulates blood pressure and reduces the development of cardiovascular diseases.

***E161b Lutein reduces the risk of cataracts.
Cataracts develop over time due to proteins accumulating in the eye lens as we age, and can eventually impair vision.
Intake of E161b Lutein may help reduce the risk of cataracts, especially nuclear cataracts.

WHICH FOODS CONTAIN E161b LUTEIN?
To reap the benefits of E161b Lutein, it's necessary to consume E161b Lutein-rich foods regularly and in a balanced way.
Additionally, it's possible to take E161b Lutein supplements with a doctor's recommendation.
E161b Lutein is generally found in green leafy vegetables.

Foods that contain E161b Lutein can be listed as follows:
*Spinach
*Kale
*Lettuce
*Broccoli
*Pea
*Egg yolk
*Sweetcorn
*Pistachio
*Asparagus
E161b Lutein is best absorbed when consumed with fats.
Although eggs contain less E161b Lutein per serving compared to leafy greens and other vegetables, the fat in the egg yolk enhances absorption.
E161b Lutein capsules are also used as a dietary supplement.

SOURCE of E161b LUTEIN:
E161b Lutein is a natural coloring agent found in many plants.
Commercially, E161b Lutein is prepared from grass nettle or Tagetes species.

FUNCTION AND PROPERTIES of E161b LUTEIN:
E161b Lutein is a yellow food coloring.
E161b Lutein is slightly soluble in water.

FUNCTION of E161b LUTEIN:
Antioxidant:
E161b Lutein acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals.
Free radicals can contribute to premature aging and various diseases.

Eye Protection:
E161b Lutein is particularly known for its benefits to eye health.
E161b Lutein is present in the retina of the eye and plays a crucial role in protecting against damage from ultraviolet light.

FOOD SOURCES of E161b LUTEIN:
E161b Lutein is found in various foods:
*Green leafy vegetables such as spinach and kale.
*Eggs (especially the egg yolk).
*Some fruits, like kiwis.

BENEFITS of E161b LUTEIN:
E161b Lutein provides several important health and functional benefits:
E161b Lutein supports eye health and protects against macular degeneration
E161b Lutein filters harmful blue light in the retina
E161b Lutein acts as a potent antioxidant, reducing oxidative stress
E161b Lutein contributes to skin health and photoprotection
E161b Lutein enhances coloration in food and animal products

KEY DETAILS ABOUT E161b LUTEIN:
Source:
E161b Lutein is primarily extracted from Tagetes erecta (marigold) flowers.
Usage:
E161b Lutein is used in foods as a natural colorant (yellow-orange).

Health Benefits:
Promotes eye health, specifically reducing the risk of macular degeneration, as highlighted in studies on E161b Lutein and related PMC article.
E161b Lutein is often found in the macula of the eye.

Safety:
E161b Lutein is considered safe, with an observed safe level of 20 mg/day, notes.
Foods High in E161b Lutein: Green leafy vegetables (spinach, kale), yellow carrots, and egg yolks.

FUNCTION of E161b LUTEIN:
E161b Lutein can protect eyesight and prevent it from descending. E161b Lutein protects the yellow membrane in the retina, inhibit macula lutea from degeneration and blurred vision.
Anti-oxidation, E161b Lutein inhibits harmful free radical from forming.

E161b Lutein protects retina, absorbs a great quantity of blue light which enters our eyes.
E161b Lutein has a lower macular pigment density, cut down the incidence of cataract.
Anti-oxidation, E161b Lutein inhibits the activity of active oxygen-derived free radicals.

E161b Lutein inhibits the artery wall from thickening and arterial embolism, cuts down the oxidation of LDL cholesterol, delay arteriosclerosis.
Antitumorous effect, E161b Lutein inhibits breast carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, rectal cancer, skin cancer, etc.
E161b Lutein is a natural pigment, with strong tinting power, low dosage, and bright color.

CHARACTERISTICS of E161b LUTEIN:
E161b Lutein is characterized by:
*Strong antioxidant properties
*Yellow-orange pigmentation
*Lipophilicity (fat solubility)
*Sensitivity to oxidation and light
*Ability to absorb blue light
*Biological accumulation in the human retina (macula)

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of E161b LUTEIN:
E161b Lutein typically appears as a yellow to orange crystalline powder or as an oily suspension depending on formulation.
E161b Lutein is odorless or has a very mild characteristic odor.

E161b Lutein is practically insoluble in water but highly soluble in fats and organic solvents such as hexane, chloroform, and ethanol.
Due to its lipophilic nature, E161b Lutein is often formulated in oil-based systems or encapsulated for improved stability and bioavailability.

E161b Lutein has no sharp melting point but decomposes upon heating, generally above ~190°C.
E161b Lutein is sensitive to light, heat, and oxygen, which can lead to degradation and loss of color and activity.
Therefore, E161b Lutein is often stabilized with antioxidants in commercial formulations.

Chemically, E161b Lutein is a tetraterpenoid (C40 carotenoid) containing conjugated double bonds, which are responsible for its strong light-absorbing properties and antioxidant activity.
E161b Lutein contains hydroxyl groups, distinguishing it from purely hydrocarbon carotenoids like β-carotene.

PRODUCTION of E161b LUTEIN:
E161b Lutein is obtained mostly with the help of solvents from natural materials and plants such as marigold, egg yolks, leafy greens, green peppers, vegetables, alfalfa and to a lesser extent from other plants.
Produced by extraction from plants and fruits, the most common coloring agent in nature.
E161b Lutein may be used in, among other things, drinks, desserts, ice cream, jams, sweets, coffee bread, mustard, soups and sauces.

CHARACTERISTICS of E161b LUTEIN:
E161b Lutein is a yellow pigment belonging to the category of carotenoids.
E161b Lutein is fat-soluble.
E161b Lutein occurs naturally in many types of vegetables, e.g. in peppers, pumpkins, grass, etc.

E161b LUTEIN COMES FROM:
E161b Lutein mainly comes from:
Green Leafy Vegetables:
Spinach, kale, and broccoli are rich in E161b Lutein.
These vegetables contain high concentrations of E161b Lutein.
Egg Yolk:
Egg yolk is an important source of animal-derived E161b Lutein.
The yellow color of the yolk is due to the presence of E161b Lutein and other carotenoids.
Fruits: Certain fruits, such as kiwi, grapes, and oranges, contain moderate amounts of E161b Lutein.
Marigold Flowers:
Industrially, E161b Lutein is often extracted from marigold flowers, which are specially cultivated for this purpose.

SOURCES of E161b LUTEIN:
Naturally present in many plants, flowers, and leafy vegetables.
Commercially extracted mainly from marigold (Tagetes species).
E161b Lutein is common in Mediterranean regions and used in both culinary and medicinal contexts.

FUNCTIONS & PROPERTIES of E161b LUTEIN:
E161b Lutein provides a yellow to orange hue.
E161b Lutein is slightly soluble in water.
E161b Lutein is stable pigment under heat, light, and pH variations.

PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of E161b LUTEIN:
CAS Number: 127-40-2
EC Number: 204-840-0
Molecular Formula: C₄₀H₅₆O₂
Molecular Weight: 568.87 g/mol
Chemical formula: C40H56O2
Molar mass: 568.871 g/mol
Appearance: Red-orange crystalline solid

Melting point: 190 °C (374 °F; 463 K)
Solubility in water: Insoluble
Solubility in fats: Soluble
Source: Other, Marigold Flowers (Tagetes erecta)
Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in oils and organic solvents
Application: Food additives, dietary supplements, cosmetics
Ingredients: Pure lutein, no additives
Product Type: Powdered Lutein

Form: Powder
Starch Type: Other, None
Color: Yellow
Weight: 25 Kilograms (kg)
Shelf Life: 2 Years
Moisture: 5.0%
Pack Size: 25 kg/drum
Grade Standard: Other, Food Grade
Flavor: Odorless
Pack Type: Fiber Drum
Physical State: Other, Crystalline Powder

FIRST AID MEASURES of E161b LUTEIN:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation: 
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact: 
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. 
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact: 
Rinse out with plenty of water. 
Call in ophthalmologist. 
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing: 
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most). 
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of E161b LUTEIN:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains. 
Collect, bind, and pump off spills. 
Observe possible material restrictions. 
Take up dry. 
Dispose of properly. 
Clean up affected area.

FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of E161b LUTEIN:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) 
Foam 
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of E161b LUTEIN:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection. 
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A 
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

HANDLING and STORAGE of E161b LUTEIN:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed. 
Dry.

STABILITY and REACTIVITY of E161b LUTEIN:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available