E341I MONO CALCIUM PHOSPHATE

E341i Mono Calcium Phosphate is mainly used in the manufacture of fertilizers and as an acidulant in food industry. 
Aqueous solution of E341i Mono Calcium Phosphate mixed with α-tertiary calcium phosphate forms dicalcium phosphate dihydrate cement. 
E341i Mono Calcium Phosphate is also used in composing brushite cement.

CAS:    10031-30-8
MF:    CaH7O5P
MW:    158.1
EINECS:    600-059-8

Synonyms:    
PRIM-CALCIUM PHOSPHATE MONOHYDRATE;MONOCALCIUM PHOSPHATE;Calcium superphosphate·hydrate;Calcium dihydrogen phosphate hydrate, P{2}O{5} 55%;ACID CALCIUM PHOSPHATE, MONOHYDRATE;Calcium phosphate monobasic;calcium diphosphate hydrate;Calcium phosphate mo;Calcium biphosphate;7758-23-8;Monocalcium phosphate;Monobasic calcium phosphate;Calcium dihydrogen phosphate;Monocalcium orthophosphate;Calcium bis(dihydrogen phosphate);Phosphoric acid, calcium salt (2:1);Calcium phosphate, monobasic;calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate);HSDB 1441;UNII-701EKV9RMN;EINECS 231-837-1;Calcium Phosphate monobasic anhydrous;Calcium phosphate, monobasic, anhydrous;Ca(H2PO4)2;DTXSID2044262;INS NO.341(I);CHEBI:35433;EC 231-837-1;INS-341(I);CALCIUM PHOSPHATE, MONOBASIC [MI];E-341(I);CALCIUM DIHYDROGEN TETRAOXOPHOSPHATE;MONOBASIC CALCIUM PHOSPHATE, ANHYDROUS;CALCIUM BIS(DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE) [HSDB];231-837-1;CaH4O8P2;DTXCID0024262;CALCIUM DIHYDROGEN PHOSPHATE [INCI];Monobasic calcium phosphateMonocalcium orthophosphate;927-009-0;Acid calcium phosphate;Primary calcium phosphate;Monocalcium phosphate, monobasic;;Calcium dihydrogenphosphate;Calcium monobasic phosphate;Calcium phosphate (1:2);calcium;dihydrogen phosphate;Calcium bis(dihydrogenorthophosphate);701EKV9RMN;C 38 (phosphate);Calcium diorthophosphate;Calcium Dihydrogenphoshate;Calcium tetrahydrogen phosphate;Calciumdihydrogenphoshate;Calcium tetrahydrogen orthophosphate;V 90;Calcium hydrogen phosphate (Ca(H2PO4)2);Calcium bisphosphate;Calcium dihydrogen phoshate;Dihydromonocalcium phosphate;calcium didihydrogenphosphate ion;AKOS015902863;CALCIUM PHOSPHATE MONOBASIC [WHO-DD];NS00074388;Q414673

E341i Mono Calcium Phosphate, or calcium dihydrogen phosphate, its food grade commonly used with sodium bicarbonate as a leavening agent in bakery foods. 
The European food additive number for it is E341(I).
Generally, E341i Mono Calcium Phosphate is vegan, gluten free and dairy free.
E341i Mono Calcium Phosphate is an inorganic compound derived from naturally occurring minerals and existing in two types:

-anhydrous with the chemical formula Ca(H2PO4)2 
-monohydrate the commonly form and with the chemical formula Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O

Usually, E341i Mono Calcium Phosphate is produced by the reaction of calcium hydroxide or calcium carbonate with phosphoric acid. 
E341i Mono Calcium Phosphate is made from phosphate rocks by two main methods, a wet process or an electrothermal process.
In the wet process: E341i Mono Calcium Phosphate is digested with a mineral acid, usually sulfuric acid, but nitric or hydrochloric acids may also be used. 
In the electrothermal process: the phosphate rock, coke and silica are heated in an electric resistance furnace to more than 1,100°C to extract elemental phosphorus from the ore. 
The elemental phosphorus is then oxidised to P4O10 (phosphorus pentoxide) and subsequently hydrated and the mist is collected. 

E341i Mono Calcium Phosphate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca(H2PO4)2 ("AMCP" or "CMP-A" for anhydrous monocalcium phosphate). 
E341i Mono Calcium Phosphate is commonly found as the monohydrate ("MCP" or "MCP-M"), Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O. 
Both salts are colourless solids. 
They are used mainly as superphosphate fertilizers and are also popular leavening agents.
In food industry, E341i Mono Calcium Phosphate is used as leavening agent, dough regulator, buffer, modifier, solidification agent, nutritional supplement, chelating agent, e.g., leavening agent for bake and cake; assistant fermentation agent and buffer for bread and biscuit; pectin curing agent, yeast food, modifier in meat product. 
When applied in fermentation, E341i Mono Calcium Phosphate can increase the fermentation capacity.

E341i Mono Calcium Phosphate Chemical Properties
Melting point: 100°C
Boiling point: 203°C
Density: 2.220^1^6
Fp: 203°C
Solubility: slightly soluble in H2O; soluble in dilute acid solutions
Form: Powder
Color: white
Odor: Odorless
Water Solubility: moderately soluble H2O; soluble dilute HCl, HNO3, acetic acid [MER06]
Merck: 14,1693
Dielectric constant: 14.0（Ambient）
InChIKey: ZBZJARSYCHAEND-UHFFFAOYSA-L
CAS DataBase Reference: 10031-30-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: E341i Mono Calcium Phosphate (10031-30-8)

Uses    
E341i Mono Calcium Phosphate is primarily used in fertilizers. 
E341i Mono Calcium Phosphate also is used in baking powders; as a mineral supplement in food; as a buffer for pH control; and as a stabilizer for plastics.
E341i Mono Calcium Phosphate was the first acidic phosphate used as a leavening acid. 
A patent for its use in baking powders was issued in 1956. 
The early MCP· H2 0 was prepared by ashing bones to form a crude product. 
E341i Mono Calcium Phosphate is classed as a fast-acting leavening acid; approximately 60% of the theoretical C02 is released by reaction of the MCP· H2 0 with soda during the mixing stage of batter or dough preparation. 
No further gas is then released until E341i Mono Calcium Phosphate is placed in the oven and the temperature has reached approximately l40°F. 
The reason for this is that MCP· H2 0 disproportionates upon contact with water to form some dicalcium phosphate according to the following equation: Ca(H2PO4)2.H2O+H2O=CaHPO4.2H2O+H3PO4.

Because of the speed of its reaction, MCP· H20 has limited applications by itself. 
Although E341i Mono Calcium Phosphate is commonly used in the preparation of phosphated flour at levels of 0.25 to 0.75% of the weight of the finished product and in the preparation of cookies, most of its applications are in combination with other slower-acting phosphate leavening acids. 
E341i Mono Calcium Phosphate is expected to release gas during the mixing stages to assist in forming bubble nucleii, while the other slower-acting acids release gas during bench action or baking.
E341i Mono Calcium Phosphate is an acidulant, leavening agent, and nutritional supplement that exists as white crystals or granular powder. 
E341i Mono Calcium Phosphate is sparingly soluble in water. 
E341i Mono Calcium Phosphate is used as an acidulant in breads and dry-mix beverages; as a source of calcium in fruit jellies, preserves, and cereals; and as a component of dough conditioners. 
E341i Mono Calcium Phosphate is also of restricted use as a chemical leavening agent because it releases about 67% of the carbon dioxide during the initial mixing and this is generally too rapid. 
E341i Mono Calcium Phosphate is also termed calcium acid phosphate, monocalcium phosphate, calcium biphosphate, and acid calcium phosphate.
E341i Mono Calcium Phosphate may be used in the preparation of calcium polyphosphate (CPP) powders.

Use in fertilizers
Superphosphate fertilizers are produced by treatment of "phosphate rock" with acids ("acidulation"). 
Using phosphoric acid, fluorapatite is converted to Ca(H2PO4)2:

Ca5(PO4)3F + 7 H3PO4 → 5 Ca(H2PO4)2 + HF
E341i Mono Calcium Phosphate is called triple superphosphate. 
Several million tons are produced annually for use as fertilizers. 
Using sulfuric acid, fluorapatite is converted to a mixture of Ca(H2PO4)2 and CaSO4. 
E341i Mono Calcium Phosphate is called single superphosphate.

Residual HF typically reacts with silicate minerals co-mingled with the phosphate ores to produce hexafluorosilicic acid (H2SiF6). 
The majority of the hexafluorosilicic acid is converted to aluminium fluoride and cryolite for the processing of aluminium. 
These materials are central to the conversion of aluminium ore into aluminium metal.
When sulfuric acid is used, the product contains phosphogypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) and is called single superphosphate.

Use as leavening agent
E341i Mono Calcium Phosphate is used in the food industry as a leavening agent, i.e., to cause baked goods to rise. 
Because E341i Mono Calcium Phosphate is acidic, when combined with an alkali carbonate ingredient, commonly sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) or potassium bicarbonate, it reacts to produce carbon dioxide and a salt. 
Outward pressure of the carbon dioxide gas causes the rising effect. 
When combined in a ready-made baking powder, the acid and alkali ingredients are included in the right proportions such that they will exactly neutralize each other and not significantly affect the overall pH of the product. 
AMCP and E341i Mono Calcium Phosphate are fast acting, releasing most carbon dioxide within minutes of mixing. 
E341i Mono Calcium Phosphate is popularly used in pancake mixes. 
In double-acting baking powders, E341i Mono Calcium Phosphate is often combined with the slow-acting acid sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP).

Agricultural Uses    
Soil is made of particles of various sizes. 
Silt, a constituent of soil, comprises particles of sizes between those of clay and sand. 
According to the international particle-size system, a silt particle size is about 2 to 50μm in diameter. 
E341i Mono Calcium Phosphate is further divided into fine silt (2 to 20μm) and coarse silt (20 to 50μm). 
The percentage of silt particles in a particular soil is taken into consideration while defining soil texture.
Silt is often carried as suspended particles in running water and deposited on riverbeds, riverbanks or in lakes as alluvial sediments.
A soil that contains 40% or more of clay and 40% or more of silt is called silt clay. 
A soil with 27 to 40% clay and less than 20% sand is known as silt-clay loam. 
Silt loam has 30% or more silt and 12 to 27% clay. 
Similarly, silt loam soil consists of 50 to 80% silt, less than 12% clay and the rest sand.
Apatite treated with sulphuric acid gets converted to mono calcium dihydrogen phosphate [Ca(H2PO4)2] which is called superphosphate. 
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate is more water-soluble than apatite.

Preparation    
E341i Mono Calcium Phosphate may be prepared in the laboratory by the reaction of calcium carbonate with phosphoric acid:
CaCO3 + 2H3PO4 → Ca(H2PO4)2 + CO2 + H2O
Fertilizer grade product is obtained by pulverized phosphate rock (tricalcium phosphate) in phosphoric or sulfuric acid and evaporating the solution.

Preparation
Material of relatively high purity, as required for baking, is produced by treating calcium hydroxide with phosphoric acid:

Ca(OH)2 + 2 H3PO4 → Ca(H2PO4)2 + 2 H2O
Samples of Ca(H2PO4)2 tend to convert to dicalcium phosphate:

Ca(H2PO4)2 → Ca(HPO4) + H3PO4