E470 MAGNESIUM STEARATE

E470 Magnesium Stearate is a kind of fatty acid salt type anionic surfactant with its appearance being white powder with slight special smell and creamy feeling. 
E470 Magnesium Stearate can be soluble in hot aliphatic hydrocarbons, hot arene and hot grease but insoluble in alcohol and water with being decomposed into stearic acid and corresponding magnesium salts in case of acid. 
E470 Magnesium Stearate has an excellent adhesion property to the skin with excellent lubrication property. 

CAS:    557-04-0
MF:    C36H70MgO4
MW:    591.24
EINECS:    209-150-3

Synonyms
stearatedemagnesium;MAGNESIUM STEARATE;MAGNESIUM OCTADECANOATE;MAGENSIUM STEARATE;STEARIC ACID MAGNESIUM SALT;OCTADECONIC ACID MAGNESIUM SALT;OCTADECANOIC ACID MAGNESIUM SALT;Magnesium Stearate Bp;MAGNESIUM STEARATE;557-04-0;Magnesium octadecanoate;Dibasic magnesium stearate;Octadecanoic acid, magnesium salt;Synpro 90;Petrac MG 20NF;Stearic acid, magnesium salt;NS-M (salt);SM-P;Magnesium stearate g;Synpro Magnesium Stearate 90;HSDB 713;Magnesii stearas;Magnesium distearate, pure;EINECS 209-150-3;NP 1500;SM 1000;CHEBI:9254;AI3-01638;UNII-70097M6I30;70097M6I30;DTXSID2027208;MAGNESIUM STEARATE (II);MAGNESIUM STEARATE [II];DAYCLING;DTXCID307208;209-150-3;Magnesium distearate;magnesium(ii) stearate;magnesium dioctadecanoate;Octadecanoic acid, magnesium salt (2:1);Magnesium stearate [JAN];C36H70MgO4;Magnesium stearate [JAN:NF];Magnesium stearate, tech;SCHEMBL935;Magnesium stearate (JP17/NF);MAGNESIUM STEARATE [MI];CHEMBL2106633;MAGNESIUM STEARATE [HSDB];Stearic Acid Magnesium(II) Salt;MAGNESIUM STEARATE [VANDF];HY-Y1054;MAGNESIUM STEARATE [WHO-DD];AKOS015915201;DB14077;FM32331;MAGNESII STEARAS [WHO-IP LATIN];DA-55176;CS-0016049;NS00080495;S0238;D02189;A830764;Q416713

E470 Magnesium Stearate can be applied to powder products in cosmetics and can improve adhesion and lubrication.
E470 Magnesium Stearate can be used as PVC heating stabilizers with the stability performance being similar to calcium stearate and can be combined with zinc or calcium soaps for being applied to food packaging material but without very wide application.
E470 Magnesium Stearate can be used as a mold releasing agent of plastic products, face powder of cosmetics, the raw material of skin ointment, the powder molding tablet of pharmaceutical tablets and translucent flatting agent of paint.
Laboratory, through the replacement reaction of sodium stearate and magnesium sulfate, is able to get finished product of magnesium stearate and can also apply the combination reaction between edible solid organic acids (stearic acid, palmitic acid) mixture and magnesium oxide compounds and further refinement to make it.
E470 Magnesium Stearate, also called octa decanoic acid, magnesium salt, is a white substance, powder which becomes solid at room temperature. 
E470 Magnesium Stearate has the chemical formula Mg(C18H35O2)2. 
E470 Magnesium Stearate is a salt containing two equivalents of stearate (the anion of stearic acid) and one magnesium cation (Mg2+). 

E470 Magnesium Stearate melts at about 120 °C, is not soluble in water, and is generally considered safe for human consumption at levels below 2500 mg/kg per day.
In 1979, the FDA's Subcommittee on GRAS (generally recognized as safe) Substances (SCOGS) reported, "There is no evidence in the available information on ... E470 Magnesium Stearate ... that demonstrates, or suggests reasonable grounds to suspect, a hazard to the public when they are used at levels that are now current and in the manner now practiced, or which might reasonably be expected in the future.".
Mg(C18H35O2)2 or with one H2O. 
Technical grade contains small amounts of the oleate and 7% magnesium oxide, MgO.
E470 Magnesium Stearate is the magnesium salt of stearic acid. 
E470 Magnesium Stearate's anhydrate, dihydrate and trihydrate forms have been prepared. 
The tabletting of the blends of magnesium stearate and lactose granules has been described. 
The influence of mixing time on hardness, disintegration time and ejection force on the compressed tablets was examined. 
E470 Magnesium Stearate is widely used lubricant in pharmaceutical industry. 
E470 Magnesium Stearate also plays a role in delaying the process of dissolution. 

E470 Magnesium Stearate's detection in tablets by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy has been proposed.
E470 Magnesium Stearate, the magnesium salt of stearic acid with the chemical formula Mg(C17H34COO)2. 
Generally, this salt of fatty acid can be used as an anti-caking agent, lubricant, binder, emulsifier, and mineral (magnesium) supplement in food with the European food additives number E470b. 
As stearic acid is commonly sourced from vegetable oils (e.g. soybean oil, palm oil, coconut oil, olive oil and corn oil.), so this ingredient can be vegan.
E470 Magnesium Stearate is widely used as a lubricant in the pharmaceutical tablets and capsules due to the properties of strong lubrication, light-weight, and good adhesion. 
E470 Magnesium Stearate can also be used in the production of cosmetics, paints and plastics.
From the USP definition, E470 Magnesium Stearate is a mixture of magnesium stearate and magnesium palmitate as the main components.
Since stearic acid is a weak organic acid, E470 Magnesium Stearate cannot directly react with magnesium sulfate to produce magnesium stearate. 
In the commercial manufacturing process of E470 Magnesium Stearate, stearic acid should first be saponified with sodium hydroxide solution to obtain sodium stearate, and then react with the solution of magnesium sulfate or magnesium chloride to synthesize E470 Magnesium Stearate.

The following are the brief three above mentioned processes:

C17H35COOH + NaOH → C17H35COONa + H2O
2C17H35COONa + MgSO4 → (C17H35COO)2 Mg + Na2SO4
2C17H35COONa + MgCl2 → (C17H35COO)2 Mg + 2NaCl

E470 Magnesium Stearate is an anionic surfactant, unlike with another two metallic stearates (sodium and potassium stearate) but similar with calcium stearate, E470 Magnesium Stearate is practically insoluble in water with the solubility 0.004 g/100 mL (25 °C).
Partially soluble in ethanol and ether.
E470 Magnesium Stearate is the chemical compound with the formula Mg(C18H35O2)2. It is a soap, consisting of salt containing two equivalents of stearate (the anion of stearic acid) and one magnesium cation (Mg2+). 
E470 Magnesium Stearate is a white, water-insoluble powder. 
E470 Magnesium Stearate's applications exploit its softness, insolubility in many solvents, and low toxicity. 
E470 Magnesium Stearate is used as a release agent and as a component or lubricant in the production of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.

E470 Magnesium Stearate is produced by the reaction of sodium stearate with magnesium salts or by treating magnesium oxide with stearic acid.
E470 Magnesium Stearate is a magnesium salt of stearic acid, a fatty acid naturally present in many foods of animal and plant origin.
E470 Magnesium Stearate is widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetics and plastics industries for its lubricating, anti-caking and stabilizing properties.
In the pharmaceutical industry, E470 Magnesium Stearate is commonly used as a release agent in tablet manufacture. 
E470 Magnesium Stearate helps prevent tablets from sticking to molds during the manufacturing process, and facilitates demolding of finished tablets.

E470 Magnesium Stearate Chemical Properties
Melting point: 200 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.028g/cm3
Storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
Solubility alcohol: insoluble
Form: Fine Powder
Color: White
PH: 7 (H2O) (slurry)
Odor: wh. soft oily powd., tasteless, odorless
Water Solubility: Insoluble
Merck: 14,5690
BRN: 3919702
Exposure limits    ACGIH: TWA 10 mg/m3; TWA 3 mg/m3
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: DRJIJXNWSSRTTE-UHFFFAOYSA-M
LogP: 8.216 (est)
CAS DataBase Reference: 557-04-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: E470 Magnesium Stearate (557-04-0)

E470 Magnesium Stearate is a fatty acid, salt-type anionic surfactant with its appearance being white powder with a creamy feeling. 
E470 Magnesium Stearate is a compound of magnesium with a mixture of solid organic acids obtained from edible sources and consists chiefly of variable proportions of magnesium stearate and magnesium palmitate.
E470 Magnesium Stearate appears as bright white soft powder with the industrial products containing a small amount of oleic acid and 7% magnesium oxide and is odorless and tasteless. 
E470 Magnesium Stearate is slightly soluble in water and soluble in hot ethanol.
E470 Magnesium Stearate is a compound of magnesium with a mixture of solid organic acids obtained from edible sources and consists chiefly of variable proportions of magnesium stearate and magnesium palmitate. 

E470 Magnesium Stearate occurs as a fine, white, bulky powder having a faint, characteristic odor. 
E470 Magnesium Stearate is unctuous and is free from grittiness. 
E470 Magnesium Stearate is insoluble in water, in alcohol, and in ether.
E470 Magnesium Stearate conforms to the regulations of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration pertaining to specifications for salts of fatty acids derived from edible fat sources.
E470 Magnesium Stearate is a very fine, light white, precipitated or milled, impalpable powder of low bulk density, having a faint odor of stearic acid and a characteristic taste. 
The powder is greasy to the touch and readily adheres to the skin. nonflammable used in baby dusting powder(s) and as tablet lubricant.

Uses    
E470 Magnesium Stearate has been widely used for many decades in the food industry as an emulsifier, binder and thickener, as well as an anticaking, lubricant, release, and antifoaming agent. 
E470 Magnesium Stearate is present in many food supplements, confectionery, chewing gum, herbs and spices, and baking ingredients. 
E470 Magnesium Stearate is also commonly used as an inactive ingredient in the production of pharmaceutical tablets, capsules and powders. 
The main reason for its good lubricating properties is its hydrophobic nature and an ability to reduce friction between tablets and die wall during the ejection process.
E470 Magnesium Stearate can be regarded as being non-toxic, the United States, Germany and Japan allow it to be applied to products being contact with food. 
However, E470 Magnesium Stearate doesn’t have wide application to be applied as PVC heat stabilizers. 
In China and some other countries Pharmacopoeia, there are always records of this specie. 
The pharmacopeia has also made provisions on the magnesium content, moisture, heavy metals, iron, sulfate and chloride content.
E470 Magnesium Stearate widely used in the fields of the plastic, mold-releasing agent for tablets (need meeting the medicine criterion), emulsifying agents of cosmetics. 
E470 Magnesium Stearate also can conjugate with Ca Soap as stabilizer of PVC.
E470 Magnesium Stearate is the magnesium salt of stearic acid which functions as a lubricant, binder, emulsifier, and anticaking agent. 
E470 Magnesium Stearate is a white powder that is insoluble in water. 
E470 Magnesium Stearate is used as a lubricant or die release in tableting pressed candies and is also used in sugar- less gum and mints.

E470 Magnesium Stearate is often used as a anti-adherent in the manufacture of medical tablets, capsules and powders. 
In this regard, E470 Magnesium Stearate is also useful, because it has lubricating properties, preventing ingredients from sticking to manufacturing equipment during the compression of chemical powders into solid tablets; magnesium stearate is the most commonly used lubricant for tablets. 
Studies have shown that E470 Magnesium Stearate may affect the release time of the active ingredients in tablets, etc., but not that E470 Magnesium Stearate reduces the overall bioavailability of those ingredients. 
As a food additive or pharmaceutical excipient, its E number is E470b.
E470 Magnesium Stearate is also used to bind sugar in hard candies like mints, and is a common ingredient in baby formulas. 
In pure powder form, E470 Magnesium Stearate can be a dust explosion hazard, although this issue is effectively insignificant beyond the manufacturing plants using it.
E470 Magnesium Stearate is manufactured from both animal and vegetable oils. 
Some nutritional supplements specify that the magnesium stearate used is sourced from vegetables.
E470 Magnesium Stearate is a major component of "bathtub rings." 
When produced by soap and hard water, E470 Magnesium Stearate and calcium stearate both form a white solid insoluble in water, and are collectively known as "soap scum.".

E470 Magnesium Stearate is often used as an anti-adherent in the manufacture of medical tablets, capsules and powders.
In this regard, E470 Magnesium Stearate is also useful because it has lubricating properties, preventing ingredients from sticking to manufacturing equipment during the compression of chemical powders into solid tablets; magnesium stearate is the most commonly used lubricant for tablets.
However, E470 Magnesium Stearate might cause lower wettability and slower disintegration of the tablets and slower and even lower dissolution of the drug.
E470 Magnesium Stearate can also be used efficiently in dry coating processes.
In the production of pressed candies, magnesium stearate serves as a release agent. 
E470 Magnesium Stearate is also used to bind sugar in hard candies such as mints.
E470 Magnesium Stearate is a common ingredient in baby formulas.
In the EU and EFTA E470 Magnesium Stearate is listed as food additive E470b.

Pharmaceutical Applications    
E470 Magnesium Stearate is the magnesium salt of stearic acid that possess lubricating properties and hence prevents ingredients from sticking to manufacturing equipment during the compression of chemical powders into solid tablets. 
E470 Magnesium Stearate has been used as a tablet and capsule lubricant. 
E470 Magnesium Stearate has also been used for preparing microcapsules. 
Dry coating of drugs with E470 Magnesium Stearate leads to flow improvement, flow-aid and lubrication effects, tabletability as well as non-inhibited dissolution rate.
E470 Magnesium Stearate is widely used in cosmetics, foods, and pharmaceutical formulations. 
E470 Magnesium Stearate is primarily used as a lubricant in capsule and tablet manufacture at concentrations between 0.25% and 5.0% w/w. 
E470 Magnesium Stearate is also used in barrier creams.

Food
E470 Magnesium Stearate's food grade can be used as a flow agent & anti-caking agent, lubricant, magnesium supplement in dietary food supplement.
E470 Magnesium Stearate is often used in the production of vitamin or multivitamin tablets or capsules by serving as a flow agent that binds with other ingredients from sticking and clumping to machine surfaces during production.
The following food may contain this additive:

-Vitamins
-Confectionery
-Chewing gum
-Candies
-Mints
-Baby formulas
-Herbs and spices
-Baking ingredients

Production method    
E470 Magnesium Stearate is produced by the reaction of sodium stearate with magnesium salts or by treating magnesium oxide with stearic acid (Nora 2005).
E470 Magnesium Stearate can be produced through the following procedure: first get the sodium stearate through the saponification between stearic acid and sodium; then the sodium stearate has double decomposition reaction with magnesium sulfate to get the finished product. 
Stearic acid and water was added to the reaction pot and heated to 85 ℃, stirring to dissolve, slowly add them to the sodium hydroxide solution preheated to 75 ℃. 
After the saponification reaction was completed, the temperature was controlled at 72 ℃ and slowly added to the magnesium sulfate solution preheated to 55 ℃ upon stirring. 
After metathesis, apply centrifuge to remove the water. 
The filtering cake was washed with water until sulfate ion requirement is met, then dry, apply air drying, sifting to obtain the finished products with the yield of stearic acid being 100%.
E470 Magnesium Stearate is produced through the combination reaction between magnesium oxide and food grade solid mixed fatty acids (mainly stearic acid) and further refinement.

Preparation    
E470 Magnesium Stearate is created by the reaction of sodium stearate with magnesium sulfate.
E470 Magnesium Stearate is prepared either by the interaction of aqueous solutions of magnesium chloride with sodium stearate or by the interaction of magnesium oxide, hydroxide, or carbonate with stearic acid at elevated temperatures.

Biochem/physiol Actions    
E470 Magnesium Stearate is the magnesium salt of stearic acid that possess lubricating properties and hence prevents ingredients from sticking to manufacturing equipment during the compression of chemical powders into solid tablets. 
Dry coating of drugs with E470 Magnesium Stearate leads to flow improvement, flow-aid and lubrication effects, tabletability as well as non-inhibited dissolution rate.