ETHANAMINIUM, 2-HYDROXY-N,N,N-TRIMETHYL-, CHLORIDE

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is the Chemical Abstracts index name for choline chloride, a permanently charged quaternary ammonium salt composed of the choline cation and chloride anion.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used primarily as a nutritional source of choline in animal feed, fortified foods, specialized nutrition products, dietary supplements, and research formulations.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is also used as an oilfield clay stabilizer, deep-eutectic-solvent component, analytical reagent, biochemical research material, and specialty chemical intermediate.

CAS Number: 67-48-1
EC Number: 200-655-4
Molecular Formula: C5H14ClNO
Molecular Weight: 139.62 g/mol

Synonyms: Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride, Choline Chloride, Choline Chloride Salt, Cholinium Chloride, Choline Hydrochloride, Choline, Chloride, Cholini Chloridum, Chloride of Choline, (2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium Chloride, 2-Hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium Chloride, 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium Chloride, 2-Hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium Chloride, Trimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium Chloride, β-Hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium Chloride, Beta-Hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium Chloride, Hydroxyethyltrimethylammonium Chloride, N,N,N-Trimethyl-2-hydroxyethanaminium Chloride, Bilineurin Chloride, Biocolina, Biocoline, Luridin Chloride, Neocolina, Hepacholine, Lipotril, Paresan, Choline Chloride Crystal, Anhydrous Choline Chloride, Choline Chloride 99%, Choline Chloride 70%, Choline Chloride 75%, Choline Chloride Feed Grade, Choline Chloride Food Grade, Choline Chloride Pharmaceutical Grade, Choline Chloride Reagent Grade, Choline Chloride Solution, Aqueous Choline Chloride, Feed Choline, Nutritional Choline Source, Vitamin B4, Vitamin B4 Feed Additive, Quaternary Ammonium Salt, Cholinium Salt, Deep Eutectic Solvent Component, Reline Component, Clay Stabilizer, Shale Inhibitor, CAS 67-48-1, EC 200-655-4, PubChem CID 6209, C5H14ClNO

APPLICATIONS

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used as a nutritional feed additive.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used as a supplemental source of choline for animal nutrition.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in feed when naturally available choline does not meet the formulated requirement.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is authorized in the European Union as a nutritional feed additive for all animal species under approved conditions.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in poultry feed.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in broiler, layer, breeder, turkey, duck, and other poultry formulations.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used to supply choline required for normal phospholipid and methyl-group metabolism.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used at levels determined by species, life stage, feed composition, and nutritional standards.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in swine feed.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in starter, grower, finisher, sow, and breeding-animal diets.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used after accounting for choline supplied by grains, oilseed meals, and other ingredients.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used according to qualified animal-nutrition formulation practices.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in aquaculture feed.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in fish and crustacean diets where supplemental choline is required.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is incorporated into pellets, extruded feeds, concentrates, and premixes.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used after processing stability and water-leaching characteristics have been evaluated.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in cattle and ruminant nutrition.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used directly or through protected delivery systems designed for a particular feeding program.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used only after ruminal degradation and effective nutrient delivery have been considered.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is not assumed to be equivalent to every rumen-protected choline product.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in pet-food and companion-animal nutrition.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in dry, semi-moist, and selected wet pet-food formulations.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in vitamin and mineral premixes for dogs, cats, and other companion animals.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used according to species-specific nutritional and labeling requirements.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in feed premixes.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in concentrated vitamin, mineral, and amino-acid blends.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is supplied in liquid and carrier-supported dry grades for feed manufacture.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used after premix flow, moisture uptake, segregation, and ingredient compatibility have been evaluated.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in approximately 70–75% aqueous feed-grade solutions.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in liquid-feed plants and feed-premix manufacturing.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is transferred through pumps and corrosion-compatible equipment.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is dosed on the basis of active choline-chloride content rather than total solution mass.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in dry feed-grade products deposited onto silica, cereal, or another suitable carrier.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in free-flowing powders intended for dry blending.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used after carrier identity and active-content calculations have been confirmed.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used with dust-control measures during weighing and mixing.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in compound-feed manufacture.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used after the choline contribution of all raw materials has been estimated.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used with an appropriate formulation allowance for manufacturing variability.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used according to good manufacturing and feeding practice.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used as a nutrient supplement in human food.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in fortified foods where choline addition is legally permitted.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is generally recognized as safe in the United States when used according to good manufacturing practice.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used with food-grade purity documentation.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in specialized nutritional powders.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in meal-replacement and medical-nutrition development where permitted.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in products requiring a water-soluble choline source.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used after taste, hygroscopicity, and finished-product stability have been evaluated.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in selected infant- and childhood-nutrition formulations under specific compositional rules.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used only when the grade and nutrient calculation meet applicable infant-food requirements.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used after chloride contribution and osmolality have been considered.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is not added to infant products under general adult-supplement assumptions.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in dietary-supplement formulations.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in tablets, capsules, powders, granules, and liquid products.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used after the amount of elemental or active choline has been calculated.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used with intake directions and warnings appropriate to the destination market.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used as a source of choline for phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin metabolism.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used as a choline source related to cell-membrane phospholipid formation.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used as a precursor source for acetylcholine synthesis.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used as a source of methyl groups after metabolic conversion through betaine pathways.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical formulation research.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in products requiring a pharmacopeial or pharmaceutical-grade choline source.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used only after identity, assay, impurities, microbial quality, and residual-solvent requirements have been confirmed.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is not treated as interchangeable with choline bitartrate, citrate, or phosphatidylcholine on a mass basis.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in analytical chemistry.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used as a reference material in choline-assay development.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in chromatography, electrophoresis, ion analysis, and spectroscopy.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used at an assay and traceability level appropriate to the analytical method.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in food and feed quality-control laboratories.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used to prepare calibration standards for choline determination.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used to validate recovery from premixes, finished feeds, foods, and supplements.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used after correction for moisture and active content.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in biochemical research.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used to study choline uptake and metabolism.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in studies of membrane synthesis, methyl metabolism, and neurotransmitter biochemistry.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used under defined experimental concentrations and culture conditions.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in cell-culture research.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used as a nutrient component in selected defined media.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used to study choline deficiency and supplementation responses.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used after osmolarity, chloride load, sterility, and cell-line compatibility have been considered.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in neuroscience research.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used as a source of choline in acetylcholine-synthesis studies.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used to investigate choline transporters and cholinergic metabolism.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used as a research nutrient rather than an assumed treatment for neurological disease.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in lipid-metabolism research.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in studies of phosphatidylcholine production.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in research concerning hepatic lipid transport and membrane composition.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used without converting mechanistic observations into unsupported therapeutic claims.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used as a hydrogen-bond acceptor in deep eutectic solvents.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is combined with urea to form the deep eutectic system commonly called reline.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride forms a low-melting liquid with urea at an appropriate molar ratio.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in solvent research because eutectic formation greatly lowers the mixture’s freezing point.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is combined with ethylene glycol to form ethaline-type systems.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is combined with glycerol to form glyceline-type systems.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is combined experimentally with sugars, polyols, amides, and carboxylic acids.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used after the water content and exact eutectic composition have been controlled.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in deep-eutectic-solvent extraction research.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in solvent systems for extracting phenolics and other natural products.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in experiments involving plant, food, biomass, and industrial residues.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used after solvent toxicity, recovery, residual content, and regulatory suitability have been evaluated.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in electrochemical deep-eutectic-solvent research.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in electrolytes for metal deposition and metal recovery.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in studies of batteries, capacitors, electrosynthesis, and electrodeposition.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used after conductivity, viscosity, electrochemical window, and water sensitivity have been determined.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in hydrometallurgical research.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in eutectic systems for dissolving or separating selected metal compounds.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in research involving battery-material recycling and critical-metal recovery.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used only with controlled regeneration, waste treatment, and metal-recovery procedures.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in separation-science research.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in deep eutectic entrainers for selected azeotropic and liquid–liquid separations.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used to alter solvent polarity and solute–solvent interactions.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used after phase behavior and solvent-recovery requirements have been measured.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in organic-synthesis research.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used as a component of eutectic reaction media.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in catalytic, oxidation, condensation, coupling, and multicomponent-reaction studies.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used after product isolation and solvent recycling have been assessed.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in carbohydrate and biomass-processing research.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in eutectic mixtures investigated for cellulose swelling and dissolution.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in studies of glucose, sucrose, starch, cellulose, and lignocellulosic materials.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used after viscosity, water content, thermal stability, and material recovery have been evaluated.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used as an oilfield clay stabilizer.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used to inhibit swelling of water-sensitive clays and shales.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used to reduce migration of clay fines in water-based well fluids.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used as an alternative to potassium chloride and selected conventional quaternary ammonium stabilizers.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in hydraulic-fracturing fluids.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in drilling, completion, stimulation, workover, and injection-water systems.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used to reduce formation damage associated with clay hydration and dispersion.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used after compatibility with friction reducers, crosslinkers, breakers, surfactants, and scale inhibitors has been tested.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in aqueous oilfield concentrates.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is commonly supplied for oilfield service as an approximately 50–75% aqueous solution.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is compatible with many typical drilling muds and fracturing fluids according to supplier guidance.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is dosed according to formation mineralogy and treatment-fluid design.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in shale-inhibition testing.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in capillary-suction-time, linear-swelling, dispersion, and recovery studies.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used to compare clay-control performance with potassium chloride and other cationic additives.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used under pressure, temperature, salinity, and pH conditions relevant to the well.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in specialty lubricant and downhole-fluid research.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used as the clay-stabilizing component of certain lubricating downhole-fluid combinations.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in systems designed to reduce friction while controlling reactive clay.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used after corrosion, elastomer, formation, and environmental compatibility have been established.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used as a quaternary ammonium chemical intermediate.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in the preparation of selected cholinium salts.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used as a starting material for ion-exchange and salt-metathesis research.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used under conditions that account for its permanent positive charge and chloride content.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used in phase-transfer and ionic-reaction research.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used where a hydrophilic quaternary ammonium ion is beneficial.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used as a catalyst or catalyst component in selected laboratory reactions.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is used only after water content and substrate compatibility have been considered.

DESCRIPTION

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is commonly known as choline chloride.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is a quaternary ammonium salt.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride contains a permanently charged choline cation and a chloride counterion.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride remains ionized throughout ordinary aqueous pH conditions.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride has the molecular formula C5H14ClNO.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride has a molecular weight of approximately 139.62 g/mol.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride has CAS number 67-48-1.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride has EC number 200-655-4.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride has the IUPAC name 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium chloride.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is also called (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride has the ionic structural representation C[N+](C)(C)CCO.[Cl−].
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride should not be confused with choline bitartrate, choline citrate, phosphatidylcholine, or choline hydroxide.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride pure material is generally supplied as colorless or white crystals.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is strongly hygroscopic.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride can become deliquescent after prolonged exposure to humid air.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride therefore requires tightly sealed moisture-resistant packaging.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is freely soluble or miscible in water.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is also soluble in ethanol.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride has very low affinity for nonpolar solvents.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride has a strongly negative reported log-partition value because of its ionic character.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride decomposes at approximately 302–305°C rather than undergoing ordinary clean distillation.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride does not have a useful conventional boiling point.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride has negligible vapor pressure under ordinary ambient conditions.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride occupational airborne exposure from solid grades occurs primarily through dust.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride aqueous solutions can range from practically neutral to mildly acidic or alkaline depending on grade and manufacturing control.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride pH must always be reported with the concentration and test method.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride feed and oilfield solutions may be adjusted to a supplier-specific pH range.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride exact pH should be obtained from the batch certificate rather than assumed from the pure substance.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride feed active substance is currently specified in the European authorization at a minimum purity of 99% on an anhydrous basis.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride authorized feed additive may be manufactured as an aqueous solution containing at least approximately 75% active substance.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride commercial dry preparations contain carriers and therefore do not have the molecular formula of pure choline chloride as their complete composition.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride product identity must distinguish between the active substance and the marketed preparation.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride contains approximately 74.6% choline cation on a theoretical molecular-weight basis.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride contains approximately 25.4% chloride on the same theoretical basis.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride solution and feed calculations must account for active concentration before determining choline delivery.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride should not be labeled solely by total solution or carrier-product mass when the active choline quantity is required.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride supplies choline for phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin synthesis.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride supplies choline associated with maintenance of cell-membrane phospholipids.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride supplies a precursor for acetylcholine.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride also contributes indirectly to methyl metabolism through oxidation of choline to betaine.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is a nutrient source rather than a conventional B vitamin in the strict modern classification.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is nevertheless frequently described commercially as vitamin B4.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride should be identified as choline chloride in regulatory and technical documents.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride nutritional claims must match applicable food or feed legislation.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is manufactured synthetically on an industrial scale.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride commercial production commonly involves trimethylamine chemistry and a hydroxyethyl source.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride manufacturing impurities can include residual amines, chlorinated species, glycols, and water.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride impurity specifications depend on feed, food, pharmaceutical, reagent, or technical grade.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride deep eutectic mixtures can differ greatly in viscosity, conductivity, density, polarity, and chemical stability.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride eutectic systems should not automatically be described as nontoxic or environmentally harmless.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride mixture safety depends on every component, impurities, water content, degradation, and exposure.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride eutectic solvents require mixture-specific hazard and lifecycle assessment.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride positive charge supports adsorption onto negatively charged clay surfaces.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride can reduce hydration, swelling, and dispersion of water-sensitive clay minerals.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride oilfield performance depends on mineralogy, concentration, brine composition, temperature, and contact time.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride should not be assumed to provide permanent clay protection under every well condition.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride has low volatility at room temperature.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride dust and concentrated solution contact remain occupational exposure routes.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride supplier classifications vary between nonclassified material and skin, eye, or respiratory irritant classifications.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride hazard classification must be taken from the exact regional product SDS.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride combustion or severe thermal decomposition can produce irritating and corrosive gases.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride decomposition products can include hydrogen chloride and nitrogen-containing fumes.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride should be protected from strong oxidizers, reactive reducing agents, active metals, hydrides, and organometallic reagents.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride should not be heated to decomposition in ordinary processing.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride is stable when kept dry and within its recommended storage conditions.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride absorbs water rapidly when exposed to humid air.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride moisture uptake can cause caking, dilution, altered assay, and processing difficulties.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride opened packaging should therefore be resealed promptly.

Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride food, feed, pharmaceutical, analytical, and oilfield grades are not automatically interchangeable.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride grade suitability depends on assay, carrier, water, impurities, microbiology, trace metals, and regulatory documentation.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride commercial solution properties must be taken from the product-specific technical data sheet.
Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride batch acceptance must be based on the current certificate of analysis.

PROPERTIES

Chemical Name: Choline Chloride
Index Name: Ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-, chloride
IUPAC Name: 2-Hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium chloride
Alternative Systematic Name: 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride
Chemical Family: Quaternary ammonium salts
Ionic Components: Choline cation and chloride anion
CAS Number: 67-48-1
EC Number: 200-655-4
PubChem CID: 6209
InChIKey: SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Molecular Formula: C5H14ClNO
Molecular Weight: 139.62 g/mol
Choline-Cation Molecular Weight: Approximately 104.17 g/mol
Theoretical Choline Content: Approximately 74.6%
Theoretical Chloride Content: Approximately 25.4%
Physical State of Anhydrous Material: Solid
Appearance of Anhydrous Material: Colorless or white hygroscopic crystals
Appearance of Commercial Solutions: Clear, colorless to light-amber liquid, grade dependent
Odor: Odorless or nearly odorless
Hygroscopicity: Strongly hygroscopic and potentially deliquescent
Water Solubility: Freely soluble to miscible
Ethanol Solubility: Soluble
Nonpolar-Solvent Solubility: Low
Representative Decomposition Temperature: Approximately 302–305°C
Boiling Point: Not practically applicable because of decomposition
Vapor Pressure: Very low
Representative Log Kow: Approximately −5.16
Solution pH: Concentration, grade, production process, and test-method dependent
Common Aqueous Grades: Approximately 70% and 75% choline chloride
Common Dry Feed Grades: Carrier-supported preparations, commonly around 50–60% active, supplier dependent
Feed-Active Purity: Minimum 99% on an anhydrous basis under the cited EU authorization
75% Solution Choline Equivalent: Approximately 55.9% choline by theoretical calculation
Primary Nutritional Function: Source of choline
Primary Metabolic Associations: Phospholipid synthesis, acetylcholine synthesis, and methyl metabolism
Primary Feed Applications: Poultry, swine, ruminant, aquaculture, pet-food, and general compound-feed formulations
Primary Food Application: Nutrient supplement
United States Food Status: GRAS when used according to good manufacturing practice
European Feed Status: Authorized nutritional additive for all animal species under approved conditions
Primary Industrial Application: Oilfield clay and shale stabilization
Primary Research Application: Deep eutectic solvent hydrogen-bond acceptor
Common Deep Eutectic Systems: Reline, ethaline, glyceline, and related experimental mixtures
Primary Laboratory Applications: Analytical standard, biochemical reagent, culture-medium nutrient, and solvent-system component
Surface Charge: Permanently cationic
Flammability: Pure material is difficult to ignite but can release toxic or corrosive fumes during fire or decomposition
User-Safety Assessment: Potential skin and respiratory sensitizer under the cited EFSA feed-additive assessment
Eye-Irritation Assessment: Grade and concentration dependent
Aggregated GHS Status: Notifications vary between no classification and irritation classifications
Environmental Release: Prevent uncontrolled discharge of concentrated material
Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizers, strong reducing agents, active metals, metal hydrides, and organometallic reagents
Storage Conditions: Cool, dry storage in tightly closed moisture-resistant containers
Storage Protection: Protect from humidity, contamination, excessive heat, and incompatible chemicals
Shelf Life: Grade, water content, packaging, storage temperature, and manufacturer dependent
Regulatory Suitability: Grade, active concentration, carrier, end use, labeling, and jurisdiction dependent

FIRST AID

Inhalation:
Move the affected person to fresh air after significant dust, mist, or decomposition-fume exposure.
Obtain medical attention if coughing, wheezing, throat irritation, or breathing discomfort persists.

Skin Contact:
Remove contaminated clothing and wash the affected skin thoroughly with soap and water.
Obtain medical advice if irritation or an allergic-type reaction develops.

Eye Contact:
Rinse cautiously with clean water for at least 15 minutes.
Remove contact lenses if easy to do and obtain medical attention if discomfort, redness, or impaired vision persists.

Ingestion:
Rinse the mouth and give water if the person is conscious.
Obtain medical advice after substantial accidental ingestion of technical material or if symptoms develop.

Note to Physicians:
Treat symptomatically and provide supportive care.
Consider the product concentration, carrier, impurities, chloride content, and potential sensitization.

HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling:
Avoid generating dust and prevent inhalation, skin contact, eye contact, and accidental ingestion.
Use clean, dry, compatible equipment appropriate to the required feed, food, pharmaceutical, laboratory, or technical grade.

Ventilation:
Provide general ventilation and local extraction at solid weighing, charging, blending, drying, and packaging points.
Control mist during pumping, spraying, or high-shear handling of aqueous concentrates.

Personal Protection:
Wear suitable chemical-resistant gloves, protective clothing, and safety goggles.
Use particulate or mist respiratory protection when engineering controls cannot adequately control exposure.

Storage:
Store solid material in tightly closed moisture-resistant containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area.
Store aqueous concentrates in compatible closed tanks or containers protected from contamination and extreme temperatures.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Collect dry material using methods that minimize dust and place it in a labeled container.
Contain liquid spills with inert absorbent material and prevent uncontrolled entry into drains or surface water.

Handling Precautions:
Reseal opened solid packaging immediately because the substance rapidly absorbs atmospheric moisture.
Do not use carrier-supported feed products as though they were pure choline chloride.
Follow the current specification, certificate of analysis, regional safety data sheet, and applicable food, feed, chemical, and environmental regulations.