ETHYL METHYL CELLULOSE

Ethyl methyl cellulose is a derivative of cellulose with ethyl and methyl groups attached by ether linkages.
Ethyl methyl cellulose can be prepared by treatment of cellulose with dimethyl sulfate and ethyl chloride in the presence of an alkali.
Ethyl methyl cellulose has a stable water retention capacity in a wide temperature range, although changes in ambient temperature will aect its water retention capacity.

CAS Number: 9004-59-5
Molecular Formula: C36H54O19
Molecular Weight: 790.80256

Synonyms: EDTA, Edetic acid, Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 60-00-4, Edathamil, Sequestrol, Havidote, Titriplex, EDTA acid, Versene acid, Cheelox, Gluma cleanser, Sequestrene aa, Sequestric acid, Warkeelate acid, Komplexon ii, Tetrine acid, Quastal Special, Metaquest A, Trilon bw, Titriplex II, Hamp-ene acid, Cheelox BF acid, Trilon BS, Celon A, Celon ATH, Chelest 3A, Questex 4H, (Ethylenedinitrilo)tetraacetic acid, Chemcolox 340, Acide edetique, Acido edetico, Universne acid, EDTA (chelating agent), Dissolvine E, Vinkeil 100, Nullapon B acid, Nullapon bf acid, Nervanaid B acid, Perma kleer 50 acid, Clewat TAA, Ethylenedinitrilotetraacetic acid, Acidum edeticum, Caswell No. 438, ICRF 185, Ethylenebisiminodiacetic acid, Ethylenediamine-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, SEQ 100, YD 30, CCRIS 946, Ethylenebis(iminodiacetic acid), HSDB 809, Acide ethylenediaminetetracetique, ETHYLENEDIAMINE TETRAACETIC ACID, Acide edetique [INN-French], Acido edetico [INN-Spanish], Acidum edeticum [INN-Latin], Acetic acid, (ethylenedinitrilo)tetra-, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 039101, Kyselina ethylendiamintetraoctova, Tricon bw, Acid, Edetic, AI3-17181, H4edta, 3,6-Diazaoctanedioic acid, 3,6-bis(carboxymethyl)-, EINECS 200-449-4, UNII-9G34HU7RV0, BRN 1716295, 9G34HU7RV0, Acetic acid, 2,2',2'',2'''-(1,2-ethanediyldinitrilo)tetrakis-, DTXSID6022977, N,N'-1,2-Ethanediylbis(N-(carboxymethyl)glycine), CHEBI:42191, N,N'-1,2-Ethane diylbis-(N-(carboxymethyl)glycine), {[-(BIS-CARBOXYMETHYL-AMINO)-ETHYL]-CARBOXYMETHYL-AMINO}-ACETIC ACID, ethylenediamine tetracetic acid, DTXCID902977, (ethylenedinitrilo)tetraacetic acid, ion(4-), EC 200-449-4, (ethane-1,2-diyldinitrilo)tetraacetic acid, ([2-(Bis-carboxymethyl-amino)-ethyl]-carboxymethyl-amino)-acetic acid, (ethylenedinitrilo)tetra-aceticaci, (Ethylenedintrilo)tetraacetic acid, {[2-(Bis-carboxymethyl-amino)-ethyl]-carboxymethyl-amino}-acetic acid, 2,2’,2’’,2’’’-(1,2-ethanediyldinitrilo)tetrakis-aceticaci, 3,6-bis(carboxymethyl)-6-diazaoctanedioicacid, 3,6-Diazaoctanedioic acid, 3,6-bis(carboxymethyl)-, Acetic acid, (ethylenedinitrilo)tetra-

Ethyl methyl cellulose is a semi-synthetic, water-soluble polymer derived from cellulose, the natural structural component found in the cell walls of plants, and it is chemically modified by introducing both ethyl and methyl groups into the cellulose backbone to enhance its functional properties for industrial and pharmaceutical applications.
Ethyl methyl cellulose is cellulose obtained directly from strains of brous plant material and partially etheried with methyl and ethyl groups.

Ethyl methyl cellulose is an important commercial cellulose derivative where ethoxy groups have replaced hydroxyl groups on the repeating glucose units.
Ethyl methyl cellulose appears as a white to off-white, odorless powder, and when mixed with water, it swells and forms a clear, viscous, and gel-like solution, which makes it highly useful as a thickening agent, stabilizer, binder, and film-former in a wide range of products. 
Its ability to create flexible, transparent films and gels without the need for additional additives makes it particularly suitable for coating applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries.

Ethyl methyl cellulose is used as an inactive ingredient or excipient in tablets and capsules, where it functions as a controlled-release agent, helping to regulate the release rate of active drugs in the body. 
Ethyl methyl cellulose also serves as a film-coating agent for tablets, improving their appearance, protecting them from moisture or oxygen, and masking unpleasant tastes.

In the food industry, Ethyl methyl cellulose may be used in small amounts as a food additive (though not as common as other cellulose ethers like methylcellulose), contributing to texture, viscosity, and stability in processed foods, sauces, and baked goods. 
It is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used within specified limits.
Ethyl methyl cellulose is used very often as a thickener in building applications as Ethyl methyl cellulose prevents segregation and improves the cohesion of the formulation components.

In dry mix mortar, the thickening power is related to their solution viscosity.
The addition of Ethyl methyl cellulose imparts excellent stickiness to wet mortar.
That can signicantly increase the adhesion of wet mortar to the base layer and improve the sag resistance of the mortar.

Ethyl methyl cellulose is nearly insoluble in anhydrous ethanol, ethyl ether and acetone.
Ethyl methyl cellulose is swelled in cold water to form a transparent or a slight cloudy solution.
Ethyl methyl cellulose can be dissolved into some organic solvents and also in water-organic solvent mixed solvents.

Ethyl methyl cellulose is a compound derived from cellulose. 
It is sold under a variety of trade names and is used as a thickener and emulsifier in various food and cosmetic products, and also as a bulk-forming laxative. 

Like cellulose, it is not digestible, non-toxic, and not an allergen. In addition to culinary uses, it is used in arts and crafts such as papier-mâché and is often the main ingredient of wallpaper paste.
Ethyl methyl cellulose was the 388th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 9,000 prescriptions.

Odor: at 100.00?%. odorless
Density: 1.22 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
form: solid

Ethyl methyl cellulose is also widely used in cosmetics and personal care products, where it serves as a thickener, emulsifier, and stabilizer in creams, lotions, gels, shampoos, and other formulations, helping to improve product consistency and shelf life.
Additionally, in industrial and construction materials, it may be used in paints, adhesives, coatings, and cement-based mixtures to enhance workability, water retention, and surface properties, especially in dry-mix formulations like tile adhesives or plasters.

Ethyl methyl cellulose is a chemically modified cellulose derivative valued for its versatility, safety, and functional properties, and it plays a critical role as a multi-purpose additive across pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic, and industrial sectors due to its thickening, stabilizing, binding, and film-forming capabilities.
Ethyl methyl cellulose increases the viscosity by thickening the liquid to give it more texture.

Ethyl methyl cellulose is a thickener, vegetable gum, foaming agent and emulsier. 
Ethyl methyl cellulose's E number is E465.
Ethyl methyl cellulose is used in many products including pasteurized products, ice-creams, cheeses, dairy products, batters, baked emulsions and spreads, breakfast cereals, and bakery goods, sterilized, pasteurized and UHT cream, low-calorie cream and pasteurized low-fat cream.

Also Ethyl methyl cellulose is used as a tobacco additive.
Ethyl methyl cellulose is approved to use as food additive in EU.
Ethyl methyl cellulose can be employed as a mild glue which can be washed away with water. 

This may be used in the fixing of delicate pieces of art as well as in book conservation to loosen and clean off old glue from spines and bookboards.
Ethyl methyl cellulose is the main ingredient in many wallpaper pastes. 
It is also used as a binder in pastel crayons and also as a binder in medications. 

Ethyl methyl cellulose is an FDA-approved water-soluble adhesive, has been used in various wet-adhesion applications in construction products, paints, and drug delivery for 70 years. 
Ethyl methyl cellulose adheres strongly to all wet surfaces, regardless of hydrophobicity.
Ethyl methyl cellulose finds a major application as a performance additive in construction materials. 

Ethyl methyl cellulose is added to mortar dry mixes to improve the mortar's properties such as workability, open and adjustment time, water retention, viscosity, adhesion to surfaces etc. 
Construction grade Ethyl methyl cellulose is not to be identified with food and pharmaceutical grade methyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, as it may be cross-linked with glyoxal for easy dispersion in water.

The construction materials can be cement-based or gypsum-based. 
Notable examples of dry mixture mortars which utilize Ethyl methyl cellulose include tile adhesives, EIFS, insulating plasters, hand-trowelled and machine-sprayed plaster, stucco, self-leveling flooring, extruded cement panels, skim coats, joint & crack fillers, and tile grouts. 
Typical usage is about 0.2% – 0.5% of total dry powder weight for dry mixtures.

Derivatives of Ethyl methyl cellulose which improve performance characteristics include hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) and hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC). 
These derivatives typically improve the characteristics such as water retention, vertical surface slip resistance, open time, etc.
Ethyl methyl cellulose does not occur naturally and is synthetically produced by heating cellulose with caustic solution (e.g. a solution of sodium hydroxide) and treating it with methyl chloride. 

In the substitution reaction that follows, the hydroxyl residues (-OH functional groups) are replaced by methoxide (-OCH3 groups).
Different kinds of Ethyl methyl cellulose can be prepared depending on the number of hydroxyl groups substituted. 
Cellulose is a polymer consisting of numerous linked glucose molecules, each of which exposes three hydroxyl groups. 

The Degree of Substitution (DS) of a given form of methyl cellulose is defined as the average number of substituted hydroxyl groups per glucose. 
The theoretical maximum is thus a DS of 3.0, however more typical values are 1.3–2.6.
Ethyl methyl cellulose has a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) between 40 °C and 50 °C.

At temperatures below the LCST, Ethyl methyl cellulose is readily soluble in water; above the LCST, it is not soluble, which has a paradoxical effect that heating a saturated solution of methyl cellulose will turn it solid, because methyl cellulose will precipitate out. 
The temperature at which this occurs depends on DS-value, with higher DS-values giving lower solubility and lower precipitation temperatures because the polar hydroxyl groups are masked.

Uses Of Ethyl methyl cellulose:
Ethyl methyl cellulose, commonly called “CP” or propionate, is made by the same general method as cellulose acetate, but propionic acid is used in the reaction. 
Propionate offers several advantages over cellulose acetate for many applications. 
Because it is “internally” plasticized by the longer-chain propionate radical, it requires less plasticizer than is required for cellulose acetate of equivalent toughness.

Cellulose propionate absorbs much less moisture from the air and is thus more dimensionally stable than cellulose acetate. 
Because of better dimensional stability, Ethyl methyl cellulose is often selected where metal inserts and close tolerances are specified.
A water-soluble cellulose ether used for thickening, sizing, emulsifying, and dispersing.

Ethyl methyl cellulose is used as a rheological modifier in paint to prevent 'sagging'.
Ethyl methyl cellulose is used as sizing in the production of papers and textiles as it protects the fibers from absorbing water or oil. 
When applied to several pieces of paper, methyl cellulose will bind the layers together, often to create a more durable or multicolored sheet. 

In addition, origami artists use it to coat their origami models, as the compound will stiffen and protect the paper against time.
Ethyl methyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC) are used as binders in dust control technologies. 
They mitigate fugitive dust released in arid and semi-arid areas as well as improve commercial face masks when used in the filtering material.

Ethyl methyl cellulose is also used in cell culture to study viral replication. 
It is dissolved in the same nutrient-containing medium in which cells are normally grown. 
A single layer of cells is grown on a flat surface, then infected with a virus for a short time. 

The strength of the viral sample used will determine how many cells get infected during this time. 
The thick methyl cellulose medium is then added on top of the cells in place of normal liquid medium. 
As the viruses replicate in the infected cells, they are able to spread between cells whose membranes touch each other, but are trapped when they enter the Ethyl methyl cellulose. 

Only cells closely neighboring an infected cell will become infected and die. 
This leaves small regions of dead cells called plaques in a larger background of living uninfected cells. 
The number of plaques formed is determined by the strength of the original sample.

Ethyl methyl cellulose solutions have been used to slow bacterial and protozoal cell motility for closer inspection. 
Changing the amount of Ethyl methyl cellulose in solution permits the adjustment of the solution's viscosity.
Ethyl methyl cellulose has been used to safely simulate molten materials, as well. 

In several of the Terminator films, it was back-lit with colored gels and films to reproduce the heated glow of iron in the large pouring ladles used to transport the metal from the smelting ovens to the various molds and forms.
Ethyl methyl cellulose was also a stand-in for the lava flows in Los Angeles in Volcano and on the volcanic surface of Mustafar, in Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith.

Ethyl methyl cellulose is used to treat constipation and is classified as a bulk forming laxative.
It works by increasing the amount of stool present which improves intestinal contractions.
Effects generally occur within three days.

Ethyl methyl cellulose is taken orally with sufficient water.
Side effects may include abdominal pain.
It is available over the counter.

Ethyl methyl cellulose is sold under the brand name Citrucel among others.
The lubricating property of methylcellulose is of particular benefit in the treatment of dry eyes.
Solutions containing methyl cellulose or similar cellulose derivatives are used as substitute for tears or saliva if the natural production of these fluids is disturbed.

Ethyl methyl cellulose is used in the manufacture of drug capsules; its edible and nontoxic properties provide a vegetarian alternative to the use of gelatin.
Ethyl methyl cellulose is occasionally added to hair shampoos, tooth pastes and liquid soaps, to generate their characteristic thick consistency. 
This is also done for foods, for example ice cream or croquette.

Ethyl methyl cellulose is also an important emulsifier, preventing the separation of two mixed liquids because it is an emulsion stabilizer.
The E number of methyl cellulose as food additive is E461. 
Ethyl methyl cellulose is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and more soluble in water.

Ethyl methyl cellulose, as a gel, has the unique property of setting when hot and melting when cold.
In some meat analogues that are intended to replicate the texture of meat, methyl cellulose is used as an ingredient, typically in concentrations less than 2%.
Ethyl methyl cellulose is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry as a controlled-release agent in oral medications, where it helps regulate the rate at which a drug is released into the body by forming a gel matrix when in contact with gastrointestinal fluids. 

Ethyl methyl cellulose is also used as a film-coating agent for tablets and capsules to protect them from moisture, mask unpleasant tastes, and improve the visual appearance and ease of swallowing. 
Furthermore, due to its biocompatibility and non-toxic nature, EMC is often incorporated into ophthalmic preparations, such as eye drops and gels, where it acts as a lubricant and viscosity enhancer to improve contact time with the eye.

In the food processing sector, Ethyl methyl cellulose may be used as a thickener, stabilizer, or emulsifier in products such as sauces, salad dressings, ice cream, and dessert toppings, where it helps maintain uniform texture, prevents phase separation, and improves mouthfeel. 
Although not as common as other cellulose derivatives like methylcellulose or carboxymethylcellulose, EMC can still be found in processed food items where a balance of viscosity and thermal stability is required. 
It can also serve as a fat replacer in low-fat or reduced-calorie foods, providing a creamy texture without the use of actual fats.

Ethyl methyl cellulose is used in a wide variety of personal care items, including shampoos, conditioners, facial creams, lotions, gels, and deodorants, where it functions as a thickening agent, stabilizer, and binder to enhance the product’s texture, consistency, and shelf life. 
Its ability to form smooth, uniform gels makes it especially valuable in products that require a pleasant sensory feel and stable performance over time. 
Additionally, Ethyl methyl cellulose can help stabilize emulsions, improve product spreadability, and prevent ingredients from separating.

In the construction industry, Ethyl methyl cellulose is incorporated into cement-based products, tile adhesives, plasters, grouts, and dry mortar formulations, where it helps retain water during the curing process, enhances workability, and improves adhesion and bonding strength. 
By forming a thin polymer film within the mixture, EMC contributes to crack resistance and smooth application, especially under varying temperature and humidity conditions. 
It is often added in small amounts to dry powder formulations and mixed with water before application.

Ethyl methyl cellulose is used in paints, coatings, and printing inks as a viscosity modifier and stabilizer, helping to maintain a uniform dispersion of pigments and other ingredients, and ensuring a smooth, even application. 
It improves the flow and leveling properties of paints, reduces dripping or sagging, and enhances the durability of the coating. 
Ethyl methyl cellulose is also found in industrial adhesives and sealants, where it serves as a binder or thickener that improves bonding strength and application consistency.

Safety Profile Of Ethyl methyl cellulose:
Ethyl methyl cellulose is considered to have very low acute toxicity, and it is generally regarded as safe when used appropriately in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic products. 
However, despite this safety profile, exposure to high concentrations of Ethyl methyl cellulose powder, especially in industrial or manufacturing environments, may pose some hazards primarily related to inhalation and skin or eye contact.

When handling Ethyl methyl cellulose in its powdered form, especially during manufacturing or processing, inhalation of fine dust particles can cause irritation of the respiratory tract, leading to coughing, sneezing, nasal discomfort, or shortness of breath. 
Prolonged or excessive exposure to dust may exacerbate respiratory issues, particularly for individuals with pre-existing conditions such as asthma or bronchitis.

Direct contact with Ethyl methyl cellulose powder or concentrated solutions may cause mild irritation to the skin or eyes. 
Symptoms can include redness, itching, dryness, or a burning sensation. 
While these effects are generally mild and reversible upon removal of exposure, protective measures such as wearing gloves and goggles are recommended when handling the pure material to prevent discomfort or injury.

Though uncommon, some individuals may develop allergic skin sensitization or dermatitis after repeated or prolonged exposure to Ethyl methyl cellulose or related cellulose ethers. 
This may manifest as redness, rash, or itching, requiring cessation of contact and possibly medical treatment.